Full text of "Minutes, rolls of delegates, moderator's address, council sermon, reports, statements of mission boards, constitution and by-laws, etc. … October 21-29, 1919"

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AMmeAK^Q-ABD OF COMMISSIONERS
FOREIGN MISSIONS liBI

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COKfGf^ECATfOHAl LIBRARY
1^ BEACON STREET
BOSTON, MASS,

THE NATIONAL COUNCIL OF THE

CONGREGATIONAL CHURCHES

OF THE UNITED STATES

MINUTES, ROLL OF DELEGATES, MODERATOR'S

ADDRESS, COUNCIL SERMON, REPORTS,

STATEMENTS OF MISSION BOARDS,

CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS, ETC.

EIGHTEENTH REGULAR MEETING

GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN, OCTOBER 21-29, 1919

OFFICE OF THE NATIONAL COUNCIL

289 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK

1919

^AM BOARD OF CO^/LMISSIONERS
A r FOR,^"^

f\C ^O FOREIGN mS^^RS LIBiSARX

"Would you know in what direction one section of organized
Christianity in America is moving; how virile, influential and
purposeful it is in these critical days? Study such an as-
sembling of Congregational forces as have just been mobilized
in the city of Grand Rapids, Mich. Never has there been a
more representative, enthusiastic and prophetic gathering of
accredited messengers of the six thousand Congregational
churches from Maine to Florida, from Massachusetts to Ha-
waii. The nine days' meetings were a window through which
one could look into the mind, heart and conscience of the
denomination the country over.

— The Congregationalist and Advance.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page
The National Council

Officers, Committees and Commissions 5

Missionary Agencies 13

Other Denominational Agencies 15

Sessions 16

Minutes ' 17

Members or the Council

Delegates 51

Honorary Delegates 71

Honorary Foreign Delegates 71

Former Moderators, Speakers, etc 72

Delegates whose terms expire 1921 73

Delegates whose terms expire 1923 77

Substitute Delegates for Grand Rapids Meeting, 1919 81

Program, Eighteenth Biennial Meeting, 1919 83

Modeeatok's Address, "Whither," Rev. Win. Horace Day 86

Council Sermon, "The Church and the Social Conscience,"

Rev. Raymond Calkins 95

Reports

Executive Committee 109

Corporation for the National Council 121

Secretary 124

Treasurer :

Year ending December 31, 1917 135

Pilgrim Tercentenary Fund for 1917 136

Year ending December 31, 1918 137

Pilgrim Tercentenary Fund for 1918 138

Commission on Missions 140

Commission on Evangelism 166

Commission on Organization 175

Constitution for Congregational Church 190

Constitution for District Association 204

Constitution for International Congregational Council 210

Act Concerning the Vesting of Title to Property 213

Commission on Social Service 216

Commission on National Service 229

Commission on Religious and Moral Education '. . . . 246

Commission on Comity, Federation and Unity 255

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

Commission on Temperance 259

Commission on Pilgrim Memorial Fund 266

Committee on International Council 283

Congregational Home Missionary Society 287

American Missionary Association 294

Congregational Church Building Society 307

Congregational Education Society 318

Social Service Department 323

Field Work Department 324

Congregational Sunday School Extension Society 327

Congregational Publishing Society 330

Department of Educational Publications 331

Congregatioualist and Advance 340

Business Department 344

Congregational Board of Ministerial Relief 347

Annuity Fund for Congregational Ministers 352

Constitution and By-Laws of the National Council 354

Index 371

THE NATIONAL COUNCIL

OFFICERS 1919-1921

Moderator, Rev. Henry Churchill King, Oberlin, Ohio.
Assistant Moderators, Rev. Robert A. Hume, Ahmednagar, India;

Rev. William N. De Berry, Springfield, Mass.
Secretary, Rev. Hubert C. Herring, New York City; Treasurer,

Mr. Frank F. Moore, New York City.

COMMITTEES AND COMMISSIONS

Executive Committee

Moderator and Secretary, Members ex officiis

For Two Tears. Mr. Herbert J. Brown, Portland, Me. ; Mr. 0. J.
Hill, Kansas City, Mo. ; Mr. Van A. Wallin, Chicago, 111.

For Four Tears. Rev. E. H. Byington, West Roxbury, Mass. ; Mr.
L. R. Eastman, Upper Montclair, N. J. ; Mr. W. W. Mills, Ma-
rietta, 0.

For Six Tears. Rev. Chas. F. Carter, Hartford, Conn., Chair-
man; Mr. Albert M. Lyon, Boston, Mass.; Rev. Robert R.
Wicks, Holyoke, Mass.

Nominating Committee

For Tivo Tears. Rev. Robert E. Brown, Waterbury, Conn.;
Pres. James E. Gregg, Hampton, Va. ; Rev. Archibald Had-
DEN, Muskegon, Mich. ; Rev. Harry E. Peabody, Appleton,
Wis.

For Fotir Tears. Pres. J. A. Blaisdell, Clareinont, Cal. ; Rev. Ed-
ward D. Eaton, Washington, D. C. ; Mr. Frank Kimball,
Chicago, III; Rev. Frank W. Merrick, Danvers, Mass.

Commission on Missions

Secretary, Member ex officio

For Two Tears. Pres. Donald J. Cowling, Northfield, Minn.;
Rev. Carl S. Patton, Los Angeles, Cal.; Rev. Jay T. Stock-
ing, Upper Montclair, N. J.; Pres. J. H. T. Main, Grinnell,
la.; Rev. Chester B. Emerson, Detroit, Mich.; Mr. Frank
Kimball, Chicago, 111.; Rev. Watson L. Phillips, Shelton,
Conn.; Mr. John R. Rogers, Brooklyn, N. Y. ; Dr. Lucien C.
Warner, New York City; Mrs. Williston Walker, New
Haven, Conn.; Rev. Roy M. Houghton, New Haven, Conn.

6 OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES

For Four Years. Prof. Arthur L. Gillett, Hartford, Conn.;
Prof. Luther A. Weigle, New Haven, Conn.; Mr. Dyer B.
Holmes, New York City; Mrs. E. A. Osbornson, Oak Park,
111. ; Mr. H. M. Beecher, Binghamton, N. Y. ; Rev. Arthur H.
Bradford, Providence, R. I.; Mrs. A. M. Gibbons, Cleveland,
Ohio; Rev. Irving Maurer, Columbus, Ohio; Dr. E. H. Bige-
Low, Framingham, Mass.; Rev. Wm. Horace Day, Bridgeport,
Conn. ; Dean E. P. Goddard, Ann Arbor, Mich. ; Rev. Charles
S. Mills, Montclair, N. J.

Commission on Evangelism
Rev. Wm. Horace Day, Bridgeport, Conn., Chairman; Rev.
Ernest Bourner Allen, Oak Park, 111. ; Dean Edward I. Bos-
v^orth, Oberlin, Ohio; Rev. Howard A. Bridgman, Boston,
Mass.; Rev. Robert E. Brown, Waterbury, Conn.; Rev.
Charles E. Burton, New York City; Mr. Charles K. Cal-
houn, White Plains, N. Y. ; Rev. Judson L. Cross, Grinnell,
Iowa; Mr. H. W. Darling, Wichita, Kansas; Pres. Ozora S.
Davis, Chicago, 111.; Judge A. C. Shattuck, Cincinnati, Ohio;
Rev. Dwight M. Goddard, New York City; Rev. Roy B.
Guild, New York City ; Rev. Charles E. Jefferson^ New York
City; Rev. George F. Kenngott, Los Angeles, Cal. ; Rev.
Alfred E. Lawless, Jr., New Orleans, La.; Prof. Eugene W.
Lyman, New York City; Rev. George M. Miller, St. Paul,
Minn. ; Rev. J. Edgar Park, West Newton, Mass. ; Rev. Harry

E. Peabody, Appleton, Wis.; Mr. Maurice E. Preisch, Buf-
falo, N. Y. ; Rev. E. S. Rothrock, Cleveland, Ohio; Rev. Jay
T. Stocking, Upper Montclair, N. J.

•
Commission on Social Service

Rev. Nicholas Van der Pyl, Oberlin, 0., Chairman; Rev. Henry
A. Atkinson, New Yo^k City; Hon. H. M. Beardsley, Kan-
sas City, Mo.; Rev. Eugene C. Ford, Fargo, N. D. ; Rev.
Hastings H. Hart, New York City; Pres. William M. Jar-
dine, Manhattan, Kansas; Hon. W. S. Kenyon, Washington,
D. C; Rev. 0. L. Kiplinger, Mansfield, 0.; Mr. G. W. Mead,
Grand Rapids, Wis.; Rev. Charles W. Merriam, Grand Rap-
ids, Mich.; Rev. Frazer Metzger, Randolph, Vt. ; Rev. H. H.
Proctor, Brooklyn, N. Y. ; Mr. Raymond Robins, Chicago,
111.; Prof. Graham Taylor, Chicago, 111.; Prof. Frank G.
Ward, Chicago, 111.

Commission on Religious and Moral Education
Prof. Luther A. Weigle, New Haven, Conn., Chairman; Prof. H.

F. Evans, Berkeley, Cal.; Prof. Hugh Hartshorne, New
York City; Mr. Harry Wade Hicks, New York City; Mr.
Norton M. Little, Washington, D. C. ; Re\'. Albert E. Rora-
back, Brooklyn, N. Y. ; Prop. Laura H. Wild, Holyoke, Mass.

OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES 7

COMMISSSION" ON" COMITY, FEDERATION AND UnITY

Rev. Raymond Calkins, Cambridge, Mass., Chairman; Rev. Rob-
ert A. Hume, Hartford, Conn. ; Mr. Arthur R. Kimball, Wa-
terbury, Conn.; Mr. John W. Walters, Wyoming, 111.; Rev.
Carl S. Pattonj Los Angeles, Cal. ; Rev. Newman Smyth,
New Haven, Conn.; Prof. Williston Walker, New Haven,
Conn.

Commission on Temperance
Rev. Walter A. Morgan, Washington, D. C, Chairman; Rev. Mer-
rill E. Gates, Washington, D. C. ; Rev. James E. Gregg,
Hampton, Va. ; Rev. I. W. Metcalp, Oberlin, 0. ; Hon. Thomas
Sterling, Washington, D. C. ; Hon. Wayne B. Wheeler.
Washington, D. C. ; Rev. C. A. Vincent, Winter Park, Fla.

Commission on Organization
Rev. J. P. Sanderson, Chicago, 111., Chairman; Rev. Arthur H.
Armstrong, St. Louis, Mo.; Rev. William E. Barton, Oak
Park, 111.; Mr. Cleveland R. Cross, Cleveland, 0.; Rev. Ed-
gar L. Heermance, New Haven, Conn.; Pres. Charles S.
Nash, Berkeley, Cal.; Miss Miriam F. Choate, New York
City.

Commission on the Status op the Ministry
Mr. M. a. Myers, Chicago, 111., Chairman; Mr. H. M. Beardsley,
Kansas City, Mo.; Mr. Frank Kimball, Chicago, 111.; Mn.
Carl Kimball, Madison, 0.; Mr. W. W. Mills^ Marietta, 0.;
IVIr. Charles F. Pettyjohn, Olathe, Kans. ; Mr. William
E. Sweet, Denver, Colo.; Mr. Ernest N. Warner, Madison,
Wis.; Mr. Franklin H. Warner, New York City.

Commission on Ordained Women, Church Assistants and Lay

Workers
Rev. William E. Barton, Oak Park, 111., Chairman; Rev. Charles

W. Burton, Chicago, 111.; Rev. Fred L. Brownlee, Cleveland,

0.; Rev. James A. Jenkins, Chicago, 111.; Dean Edward H.

Knight, Hartford, Conn.; Miss Mary W. Mills, Cleveland,

0.; Dean Margaret Taylor, Chicago, 111.

Commission op Fifteen to Confer with Commission op the
Episcopal General Convention

Rev. Nehemiah Boynton, Brooklyn, N. Y., Chairman; Rev. Wil-
liam E. Barton, Oak Park, 111.; Rev. Reuben A. Beard,
Fargo, N. D. ; Dean E. I. Bosworth, Oberlin, 0.; Rev. Ray-
mond Calkins, Cambridge, Mass. ; Pres. J. M. Bennett, Crete,
Neb. ; Rev. Harry P. Dewey, Minneapolis, Minn. ; Rev. Frank
E. Jenkins, Demorest, Ga. ; Rev. Hubert C. Herring, New
York City; Mr. Charles H. Kirschner, Kansas City, Mo.;
Rev. Carl S. Patton, Los Angeles, Cal.; Rev. Newman

0 OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES

Smyth, New Haven, Conn. ; Pres. E. S. Parsons, Marietta, 0. ;
Rev. Lucius H. Thayer, Portsmouth, N. H. ; Prof. Williston
Walker, New Haven, Conn.

Commission on Theological Seminaries
Rev. S. H. Woodrovt, St. Louis, Mo.; Mr. H. H. Hilton, Chicago,
111. ; Rev. Harris G. Hale, Brookline, Mass.

Committee on International Council
Rev. W. Douglas Mackenzie, Hartford, Conn., Chairman; Rev.
H. C. Herring, New York City; Rev. S. Parkes Cadman,
Brooklyn, N. Y.; Mr. Thos. C. McMillan, Chicago, 111.; Mr.
Herbert J. Brown, Portland, Me.; Mr. 0. J. Hill, Kansas
City, Mo.; Mr. Van A. Wallin, Chicago, 111.; Rev. E. H.
Byington, West Roxbury, Mass.; Mr. L. R. Eastman, Upper
Montclair, N. J.; Mr. W. W. Mills, Marietta, O.; Rev. C. F.
Carter, Hartford, Conn.; Mr. A. M. Lyon, Boston, Mass.;
Rev. R. R. Wicks, Holyoke, Mass.; Pres, H. C. Hing, Ober-
lin, 0.

Members of the Quadrennial Meeting op the Federal Council
OF the Churches of Christ in America

Rev. Arthur H. Armstrong, St. Louis, Mo. ; Rev. Gerald H.
Beard, Bridgeport, Conn.; Rev. Edmund A. Burnham, Syra-
cuse, N. Y. ; Rev. Allen E. Cross, Milford, Mass.; Rev. Wil-
liam J. Campbell, Portland, Me. ; Rev. Alexander C. Garner,
Washington, D. C. ; Rev. Frank H. Fox, Decatur, 111.; Rev.
Ernest M. Halliday, Brooklyn, N. Y.; Rev. Ira J. Houston,
Iowa City, la. ; Rev. Theodore B. Lathrop, Branf ord. Conn. ;
Rev. Wm. T. McElveen, Portland, Ore.; Prof. C. Rbxpord
Raymond, Berea, Ky. ; Mr. Ralph Flanders, Springfield, Vt. ;
Mr. a. W. Fagerstrom, Worthington, Minn.; Pres. Edward
F. Green, Star, N. C. ; Mr. Marion Lawrence, Chicago, 111.;
Rev. H. F. Holton, Brockton, Mass.; Rev. E. T. Root, Bos-
ton, Mass.; Rev. E. B. Sanford, Roekfall, Conn.; Prof. Ed-
win C. Norton, Claremont, Cal. ; Rev. M. H. Wallace, De-
troit, Mich. ; Hon. Wayne B. Wheeler, Washington, D. C. ;
Rev. Benjamin S. Winchester, Greenfield Hill, Conn.; Hon.
John M. Whitehead^ Janesville, Wis.

Delegates to the Interchurch Conference on Organic Unity

Rev. G. G. Atkins, Detroit, Mich.; Prof. Louis F. Anderson,
Walla Walla, Wash. ; Prof. C. M. Clark, Bangor, Me. ; Pres.
OzoRA S. Davis, Chicago, 111.; Rev. Hubert C. Herring, New
York City; Rev. John A. Holmes, Lincoln, Neb.; Mr. W. B.
Davis, Cleveland, 0. ; Rev. J. Percival Huget, Brooklyn, N. Y. ;
Mr. Paul Jepson, Minneapolis, Minn.; Pres. Henry C.
King, Oberlin, 0.; Rev. J. P. O'Brien, Talladega, Ala.; Pres.

OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES 9

Charles S. Nash, Berkeley, Cal. ; Rev. Frank K. Sanders,
New York City; Mr. Lucien C. Warner, New York City; Mr.
Harris Whittemore, Naugatuek, Conn. ; Prof. Williston
Walker^ New Haven, Conn.

Pilgrim Memorial Fund Commission

Rev. Charles S. Mills, Montelair, N. J., Chairman; Rev. Herman
F. SwARTZ, 287 Fourth Ave., New York City, Executive Sec-
retary.

Executive Committee

Rev. Chas. S. Mills, Montelair, N. J., Chairman; Rev. Wil-
liam E. Barton, Oak Park, 111., Secretary; Hon. Henry
M. Beardsley, Kansas City, Mo. ; Pres. D. J. Cowling, North-
field, Minn.; Rev. William Horace Day, Bridgeport, Conn.;
Mr. Lucius R. Eastman, New York City; Rev. H. C. Herring,
New York City ; Mr. Arthur S. Johnson, Boston, Mass. ; Rev.
Cornelius H. Patton, Boston, Mass.

Members

Prof. L. F. Anderson, Walla Walla, Wash.; Mr. A. C. Angell,
Detroit, Mich. ; Rev. G. G. Atkins, Detroit, Mich. ; Hon. S. E.
Baldwin, Hartford, Conn.; Rev. W. E. Barton, Oak Park,
111.; Hon. H. M. Beardsley, Kansas City, Mo.; Rev. F. Q.
Blanchard, Cleveland, 0.; Mr. F. E. Bogart, Detroit, Mich;
Mr. F. a. Bovey, Minneapolis, Minn.; Rev. Nehemiah Boyn-
TON, Brooklyn, N. Y. ; Rev. Dan F. Bradley, Cleveland 0.;
Rev. H. S. Bradley, Worcester, Mass.; .Mr. T. H. Brewer,
Spokane, Wash. ; Mr. F. H. Brooks, St. Johnsbury, Vt. ; Mr. J.
A. Buchanan, Buchanan, N. D.; Mr. F. A. M. Burrell,
Brooklyn, N. Y.; Rev. C. E. Burton, New York City; Pres.
M. L. Burton, Minneapolis, Minn.; Mr. A. S. Burwell, Se-
attle, Wash.; Mr. M. J. Carpenter, Chicago, 111.; Mr. C. A.
Christopherson, Sioux Falls, S. D.; Prof. C. M. Clark,
Bangor, Me.; Mr. E. P. Clark, Los Angeles, Cal.; Mrs. G.
H. Clark, Los Angeles, Cal.; Judge L. W. Cleaveland, New
Haven, Conn.; Prof. T. F. Collier, Providence, R. I.; Mr.
H. G. CoRDLBY, Glen Ridge, N. J. ; Pres. D. J. Cowling, North-
field, Minn.; Mr. W. M. Crane, Jr., Dalton, Mass.; Mr. L. A.

' Crossett, Boston, Mass. ; Rev. W. H. Day, Bridgeport, Conn. ;
Mr. L. R. Eastman, Upper Montelair, N. J.; Mr. Allan Em-
ery, Boston, Mass. ; Mrs. E. A. Evans, Mill Valley, Cal. ; Mr. B.
H. Fancher, New York City; Prof. H. W. Farnham, New
Haven, Conn.; Mr. Horatio Ford, Cleveland, 0.; Rev. John
Gardner, Chicago, 111.; Mrs. Josephine R. Gile, Colorado

10 OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES

■ Springs, Col. ; Peof. A. L. Gillett, Hartford, Conn. ; Rev. G. A.
Gordon, Boston, Mass.; Mr. C. W. Gross, Hartford, Conn.;
Mr. F. J. Harwood, Appleton, Wis.; Mr. M. B. Hazeltike,
Prescott, Ariz. ; Mr. W. S. Herrick, Oak Park, 111. ; Rev. H. C.
Herring, New York City; Mrs. E. L. Hinman, Lincoln, Neb.;
Mr. T. H. Hood, Denver, Colo.; Rev. J. P. Huget, Brooklyn,
N. Y. ; Rev. G. A. Hulbert^ Omaha, Neb. ; Pres. F. E. Jenkins,
Demorest, Ga.'; Mr. A. S. Johnson, Boston, Mass.; Rev. H. H.
Kelsey, San Francisco, Cal. ; Mr. Frank Kimball, Oak Park,
111.; Mr. J. S. KiRKHAM, Springfield, Mass.; Mr. W. B.
Lashar, Bridgeport, Conn.; Mr. James Logan, Worcester,
Mass.; Mr. F. B. Lovejoy, Montclair, N. J.; Mr. James Ly-
man, Chicago, 111.; Mr. C. F. Marble, Worcester, Mass. ;- Mr.
G. W. Marston, San Diego, Cal.; Rev. 0. E. Maurer, New
Haven, Conn.; Mr. F. D. McCornack, Sioux City, la.; Mb.
S. A. Merrill, Des Moines, la.; Rev. Irving W. Metcalf,
Oberlin, 0.; Rev. C. S. Mills, Montclair, N. J.; Mr. W. W.
Mills, Marietta, 0.; Rev. W. J. Minchin, Denver, Colo.; Mr.
R. A. Moore, St. Clair, Mich.; Mr. S. W. Mudd, Los Angeles,
Cal.; Mr. S. J. Murphy, New York City; Mr. A. J. Nason,
St. Paul, Minn.; Mr. W. H. Nichols, Brooklyn, N. Y. ; Prop.

E. C. Norton, Claremont, Cal.; Mr. C. S. Olcott, Boston,
Mass.; Mr. C. T. Page, Concord, N. H.; Rev. Albert W.
Palmer, Honolulu, Hawaii; Mr. W. I. Palmer, Winchester,
Mass.; Rev. C. H. Patton, Boston, Mass.; Rev. James E.
Pershing, Oklahoma City, Okla. ; Mr. C. ' F. Pettyjohn,
Qlathe, Kans.; Mr. H. M. Pflager, St. Louis, Mo.; Me. C. S.
Pike, Jacksonville, Fla. ; Mr. F. G. Platt, New Britain, Conn. ;
Mr. M. E. Pre^sch, Buffalo, N. Y. ; Rev. H. H. Proctor, At-
lanta, Ga. ; Rev. Lewis T. Reed, Brooklyn, N. Y. ; Mr. James
Schermerhorn, Detroit, Mich. ; Mr. A. M. Sheldon, Minne-
apolis, Minn. ; Rev. T. M. Shipherd, Milwaukee, Wis. ; Mr.
Paul Sleman, Washington, D. C. ; Mr. W. G. Smith, Cleve-
land, 0.; Rev. Henry A. Stimson, New York City; Mr. C. B.
Stowell, Hudson, IMich. ; Rev. Herman F. Swaetz, New York
City; Mr. W. E. Sweet, Denver, Colo.; Rev. L. H. Thayer,
Portsmouth, N. H. ; Pres. John M. Thomas, Middlebury,
Vt.; Mrs. F. F. Thompson, New York City; Rev. C. N.
Thorp, Duluth, Minn.; Rev. L. D. Towle, Boston, Mass.; Mr.

F. H. TowNE, Holyoke, Mass.; Mr. F. H. Tuthill, Chicago,
111. ; Rev. F. J. Van Horn, Oakland, Cal. ; Mb. F. H. Warner,
New York City; Dr. L. C. Warner, New York City; Mr. F. M.
Warren, Portland, Ore.; Mr. H. J. Wells, Kingston, R. I.;
Mr. C. C. West, Montclair, N. J.; Mr. W. C. Wheeler, Ta-
coma, Wash.; Mr. W. C. White, Milwaukee, Wis.; Mr. A. F.
Whitin, Whitinsville, Mass.; Mr. E. M. Whiting, Whiting,
la.; Pres. P. P. Womer, Topeka, Kans.

OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES H

Commission on Congregational \Voi;ld ^Movement

(Referred to in Minutes as Tercentenary Program Committee.

See P. 38.)

Elected by the National Council

Rev. E. B. Allex, Oak Park, 111.; Pres. J. A. Blaisdell, Clare-
mont, Cal. ; Rev. C. E. Burtox, New Yoi-k City; Rev. G. L.
Cady, New York City; Miss H. B. Calder, Boston, Mass.;
jNIiss M. F. Choate, New York City; Pres. D. J. Cowlixg,
Northfield, Minn.; Rev. W. H. Day, Bridgeport, Conn.; Mr.
E. W. Hazen, Haddam, Conn.; Pres. E. L. Howard, Eargo,
N, D. ; Rev. H. H. Kelsey, San Francisco, Cal.; Mr. F. A.
McCorxack, Sioux City, la.; Rev. C. C. Merrill, Burlington,
Vt. ; Mrs. E. A. Osegrxson-, Chicago, 111.; Rev. C. H. Patton^,
Boston, Mass. ; Rev. R. H. Potter, Hartford, Conn. ; Rev. H.
H. Proctor, Brooklyn, N. Y.; Pres. W. H. Rollins, Wichita,
Kan.; Rev. E. S. Rothrock, Cleveland, 0.; Rev. F. M. Shel-
don, Boston, Mass.; Rev. E. L. Smith, New York City; Rev.
A. A. Stockdale, Toledo, 0.; Rev. H. F. Swartz, New York
City; Mr. W. E. Sweet, Denver, Colo.; Prof. F. G. Ward,
Chicago, 111.; Mr. L. T. Warner, Bridgeport, Conn.; Pres. H.
K. Warren, Yankton, S. D. ; Rev. S. H. Woodrow, St. Louis,
Mo.; Rev. W. A. Rice, New York City.

Members at Large
Rev. Fred Marsh, Jacksonville, Fla. ; Rev. F. L. Fagley, New
York City; Mr. W. K. Cooper, Washington, D. C; Rev. Al-
fred Lawless, Jr., New Orleans, La.; Rev. A. E. Ricker^
Dallas, Tex.

Nominated by Mission Boards
Mr. W. E. Bell, Montclair, N. J.; Mrs. Williston Walker, New
Haven, Conn.; Mr. C. S. Ward, New York City; Mrs. F. H.
Warner, White Plains, N. Y. ; Hon. H. M. Beardsley, Kansas
City, Mo.; Mr, F. A. Arnold, New York City; Mrs. E. A.
Evans, New York City; Rev. Shepherd Knapp, Worcester,
Mass.; Rev. R. E. Brown, Waterbury, Conn.; Rev. A. E.
Ej?om^ Providence, R. I.

Nominated by State Conferences
Mr. D. a. Schweitzer, Los Angeles, Cal.; Rev. E. E. Day, Whit-
tier, Cal.; Mr. J. L. Malm, Denver, Colo.; Rev. W. L. Phil-
lips, Shelton, Conn.; Rev. H. R. Miles, New Haven, Conn.;
Mr. W. B. Lashar, Bridgeport, Conn. ; Mr. Winslow Russell,
Hartford, Conn. ; Mr. J. E. Keene, Peoria, 111. ; Rev. H. C. Ma-
son, Seattle, Wash.; Rev. George Savary, Indianapolis,
Ind. ; Rev. H. E. Thayer, MePherson, Kans. ;' Rev. Charles
Harbutt, Portland, Me.; Prof. W. J. Motjlton, Bangor, Me.;

12 OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES

Rev. C B. Emerson, Detroit, Mich.; Rev. C. 0. Grieshaber,
Grand Rapids,' Mich.; Rev. Everett Lesher, Minneapolis,
Minn.; Mr. A. W. Fagerstrom, Worthington, Minn.; Pres. J.
N. Bennett, Crete, Neb.; Rev. F. G. Smith, Omaha, Neb.;
Mr. C. S. Bates, Exeter, N. H.; Rev. L. H. Thayer, Ports-
mouth, N. H.; Mr. J. M. Whiton, Plainfield, N. J.; Rev. C. W.
Shelton, New York City; Mr. Burton Jackson, North Tona-
wanda, N. Y. ; Rev. E. H. Stickney, Fargo, N. D. ; Rev. Irv-
ing Maurbr, Columbus, 0.; Mr. W. G. Smith, Cleveland, 0.;
Rev. W. T. McElveen, Portland, Ore.; Rev. C. E. Shelton,
Philadelphia, Penn. ; Rev.. C. F. Roper, River Point, R. I.;
Rev. W. H. Thrall, Huron, S. D.; Mr. G. L. Dunham, Brat-
tleboro, Vt. ; Rev. C. C. Adams, Bui-lington, Vt. ; Rev. A. 0.
Stevens, Beloit, Wis.; Rev. L. C. Talmadge, Madison, Wis;
Rev. F. J. Van Horn, Oakland, Cal. ; Rev. G. T. McCollum,
Chicago, III; Rev. H. E. Brown, Evanston, 111.; Mr. W. B.
Whiting, Whiting, la.; Rev. H. J. Chidley, Winchester,
Mass.; Rev. J. L. Kilbon, Boston, Mass.; Rolph Cobleigh,
Boston, Mass.; Rev. A. V. Bliss, Taunton, Mass.; Rev. A. E.
Rorabach, Brooklyn, N. Y.

The naming of the Committee on Men's Work and of delegates
to the International Council was refen'ed to the Nominating Com-
mittee and Executive Committee, who had not completed their work
when the Minutes went to press.

CORPORATION FOR THE NATIONAL COUNCIL

Rev. Henry Churchill King, Oberlin, 0., President; Rev. Hu-
bert C. Herring, 289 Fourth Ave., New York, Secretary.

Term expires 1922: Hon. H. M. Beardsley, Missouri; Pres. D. J.
Cowling, Minnesota ; Mr. B. H. Fancher, New York City ; Mr.
S. H. Miller, New York City; Hon. Epaphroditus Peck, Con-
necticut; Hon. John H. Perry, Connecticut; Mr. Samuel
WooLVERTON, New York City.

Term expires 1925: Hon. Simeon E. Baldwin, Connecticut ;_ Mr.
Lucius R. Eastman, New Jersey; Dr. Edward W. Peet, New
York; Rev. Charles S. Mills, New Jersey; Mr. Russell S.
Walker, New Jersey; Mr. Edwin G. Warner, New York;
Mr. J. L. Grandin, Massachusetts; Rev. Clarence H. Wilson,
New Jersev.

THE NATIONAL COUNCIL

MISSIONARY AGENCIES

THE AMERICAN BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS FOR
FOREIGN MISSIONS

14 Beacon Street, Boston^, Mass.
President, Vice-President,

Rev. Edward C. Moore. David P. Jones.

Foreign Department, Editorial Department,

Rev. James L. Barton, Sec. Rev. William E. Strong, Sec.

Rev. Enoch F. Bell, Asso. Treasury Department,

Sec. Frank H. Wiggin, Treas.

Home Department, John G. Hosmer, Pub. and

Rev. Cornelius H. Patton, Purchasing Agent.

Sec.
Rev. Edward L. Smith, Sec.
Rev. D. Brewer Eddy, Asso.
See.
District Secretaries,

Middle District, Rev. Edw. L. Smith, 287 Fourth Avenue, New

York.
Interior District, Rev. A. N. Hitchcock, 19 So. La Salle Street,

Chicago.
Pacific District, Rev, H. H. Kelsey, 760 Market Street, San
Francisco.

THE CONGREGATIONAL HOME MISSIONARY SOCIETY

287 Fourth Avenue, New York
President, General Secretary,

Rev. Rockwell H. Potter. Rev. Charles E. Burton.

Secretary of Missions, Secretary of Promotion,

Rev. Frank L. Moore. Rev. William S. Beard.

Secretary Woman's Department, Treasurer,

Miss Miriam L. Woodberry. Charles H. Baker.

THE CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH BUILDING SOCIETY
287 Fourth Avenue, New York
President, General Secretary,

Rev. Rockwell H. Potter. Rev. Charles E. Burton.

Church Building Secretary, Associate Secretary,

Rev. James Robert Smith. Rev. Charles H. Richards.

Treasurer, Charles H. Baker.

14 MISSIONARY AGENCIES

Field Secretaries,

Rev. William W. Leete, 14 Beacon Street, Boston, Mass.

Rev. John' P. Sanderson, 19 South La Salle Street, Chicago, HI.
Assistant Field Secretary,

Mrs. C. H. Taintor, Clinton, Conn.

THE CONGREGATIONAL SUNDAY SCHOOL EXTENSION

SOCIETY

287 Fourth Avenue, New York
President, General Secretary,

Rev. Rockwell H. Potter. Rev. Charles E. Burton.

Extension Secretary, Treasurer,

Rev. W. Knighton Bloom. Charles H. Baker.

THE AMERICAN MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION

287 Fourth Avenue, New York
President, Corresponding Secretary,

Rev. Nehemiah Botnton. Rev. George L. Cadt,

Honorary Secretary and Editor, Associate Secretary,

Rev. a. F. Beard. Rev. Samuel Lane Loomis.

Treasurer, Irving C. Gatlord.
Secretary Bureau of Woman's Work, Mrs. F. W. "Wilcox.
District Secretaries,

Rev. G. H. Gutterson, 14 Beacon Street, Boston, Mass.

Rev. Frank N. White, 19 So. La Salle Street, Chicago, 111.

Rev. George W. Hinman, 21 Brenham Place, San Francisco, Cal.
Field Secretary, Mrs. Ida V. Woodbury.

THE CONGREGATIONAL EDUCATION SOCIETY

14 Beacon Street, Boston, Mass.
President, General Secretary,

Rev. Charles R. Brown. Rev. F. M. Sheldon.

Secretary Social Service, Secretary Missionary Education,

Rev. Arthur E. Holt.

Treasurer, Harry M. Nelson.

THE CONGREGATIONAL BOARD OF MINISTERIAL

RELIEF

THE CONGREGATIONAL ANNUITY FUND

287 Fourth Avenue, New York
President, ■ Secretary,

Rev. Henry A. Stimson. Rev. William A. Rice.

Treasurer, B. H. Fancher.

MISSIONARY AGENCIES 15

TRUSTEES OF THE ANNUITY FUND FOR CONGREGA-
TIONAL MINISTERS
President, Secretary,

Rev. Henry A. Stimson. Rev. Herman F. Swartz.

Associate Secretary, Treasurer,

Rev. William A. Rice. B. H. Fancher.

THE WOMAN'S BOARD OF MISSIONS
14 Beacon Street, Boston, Mass.
Home Secretary, Treasurer,

Miss Helen B. Calder. Mrs. Frank Gaylord Cook.

THE WOMAN'S BOARD OF MISSIONS OF THE INTERIOR

19 So. La Salle Street, Room 1315, Chicago, III.
Secretary, Treasurer,

]\Irs. Lucius 0. Lee. Mrs. S. E. Hurlbut.

THE WOMAN'S BOARD OF MISSIONS FOR THE PACIFIC

760 Market Street^ San Francisco^ Cal.
Home Secretary, Treasurer,

Mrs. C. a. Kopoid. Mrs. W. W. Ferrier.

WOMAN'S HOME MISSIONARY FEDERATION

President, Mrs. Williston Walker, New Haven, Conn.

General Secretary, Miss Miriam F. Choate, 289 Fourth Avenue,

New York City.
Treasurer, Mrs. Philip Suffern, Plainfield, N. J.

OTHER DENOMINATIONAL AGENCIES

THE AMERICAN CONGREGATIONAL ASSOCIATION

Organized, 1853. Chartered, 1854.

Headquarters, Library, Congregational House, Boston
President, Treasurer,

Arthur S. Johnson. Augustus S. Lovett.

Cor. and Bee. Secretary, Lib. and Asst. Treasurer,

Thomas Todd, Jr. Rev. Williaim H. Cobb.

CONGREGATIONAL PUBLISHING SOCIETY
14 Beacon Street, Boston, ]\'Iass.
President, Gen'l Secretary,

Rev. Charles R. Brown. Rev. F. M. Sheldon.

Treasurer, Business Manager,

Harry ]\I. Nelson. Albert W. Fell.

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MINUTES

The eighteenth meeting of the National Council of the Con-
gregational Churches of the United States convened in Park
(First) Congregational Church, Grand Rapids, Michigan, at
3.00 P. M., Tuesday, October 21, 1919, with the retiring
Moderator, Rev. William Horace Day of Connecticut, in the
chair.

After the singing of a hymn a devotional service was con-
ducted by Rev. C. C. Adams of Vermont.

President Henry Churchill King of Ohio was elected Mod-
erator, Rev. Robert A. Hume of India, First Assistant Mod-
erator, and Rev. W. N. DeBerry of Massachusetts Second
Assistant Moderator.

On report of the Nominating Committee the following ap-
pointments were made :

Business Committee

Rev. H. R. Miles, Connecticut, Chairman.
Judge W. "W. Bard\vell, Minnesota.
President J. A. Blaisdell, California.
Professor C. ]\I. Clark, Maine.
Rev. C. B. Emerson, Michigan.
Rev. J. B. Gonzales, Texas.
Mr. M. E. Preisch, New York.
Rev. J. P. Sanderson, Illinois.
Mr. W. E. Sweet, Colorado.

Committee on Credentials

Rev. L. L. Taylor, New York, Chairman.
Rev. H. C. Herring, Massachusetts.
Rev. L. 0. Baird, Washington.
Rev. F. W. Merrick, Massachusetts.
Rev. W. a. Morgan, District of Columbia.

18 MINUTES

Committee on Greetings

Rev. W. H. Day, Connecticut, Chairman.
Rev. C. W. Merriam, Michigan.
Hon. H. M. Beardsley, ]\Iissouri.

Assistants to the Secretary (during the meeting of the

Council)
Rev. C. H. Smith, Vermont.
Rev. Carl Stackman, Illinois.
Mr. W. E. Lougee, New Hampshire.
Rev. H. H. Dunn, Louisiana.

The Moderator offered prayer and presented the Assistant
Moderators to the Council.

Voted: That the provisional docket contained in the
printed program be approved as indicating the general order
of the Council's business, action in modification of the same,
or in fixing specific hours for reports or business, to be taken
on recommendation of the Business Committee.

That all speakers presenting reports or conducting devo-
tional services be requested to observe with accuracy the time
limit fixed by the Program Committee, or ordered by the
Council, and that the Secretary be instructed to arrange that
each one be notified of the expiration of the period assigned
him.

That the door-keepers be directed to close the doors at 9.05
each morning and admit no one thereafter until the end of the
devotional period.

That all persons entitled to be seated in the portion of the
house reserved for delegates be requested to assist the door-
keepers in the discharge of their duties by wearing in plain
view the badges provided.

A resolution regarding the work of the American Bible
Society was presented and referred to the Commission on
Missions. (P. 25.)

In the absence of the Treasurer his report was presented
by the Secretary. (P. 135.)

Report of the Commission on Public Worship was pre-
sented by Rev. Charles H. Richards.

MINUTES 1 9

Voted: That the Report of the Commission on Pul)lie
"Worship be accepted and that the Commission be discharged
on tlie completion of its work.

Voted: To 'extend the session fifteen minutes.

Report of the Commission on Organization was presented
by Rev. J. P. Sanderson and referred to the Business Com-
mittee. (P. 175.)

Hon. H. M. Beardsley presented on behalf of Mr. George
H. Himes of Portland, Oregon, a gavel made of several pieces
of wood of historic interest, which the Moderator accepted on
behalf of the Council.

Wednesday, October 22.

Devotional service at 9.00 A. M. was conducted by Rev.
0. E. Maurer of Connecticut.

The Council was called to order by the Moderator at 9.30.
The minutes were read and approved.

Report of the Executive Committee was presented by Rev.
C. F. Carter of Connecticut. (P. 109.)

Recommendations of the Executive Committee as amended
were adopted as follows:

1. That the report of the Treasurer be accepted as printed.

2. That the churches be asked to contribute for the ex-
penses of the National Council office the sum of five cents per
capita, based upon gross membership.

3. That the churches be asked to contribute a further sum
for the purpose of paying the traveling expenses of delegates
to the National Council.

4. That all delegates elected by conferences and associa-
tions in states which have paid their full per capita for each
year of the biennium be entitled to share in the travel fund
thus created.

5. That in any state which has not paid its entire per cap-
ita, participation in the fund shall be limited to delegates
from associations which have paid in full.

6. That for the next Council the amount available for this
purpose be apportioned hy the Executive Committee upon a
sliding scale which shall as nearly as possible make the net
railway cost the same to all delegates whether near or distant,

20 MINUTES

announcement of the fund available and the plan of its distri-
bution to be made well in advance of the meeting.

7. That at the next meeting of the Council the stipulation
concerning participation in the travel fund shall be considered
as met by any state which has made or guaranteed full pay-
ment on the basis fixed for the year 1921.

8. That the Executive Committee be instructed to submit
to the next Council on the basis of the experience of the
initial years a plan for the distribution of the sum available
for the ensuing biennium.

9. That the resignation of Mr. F. W. Chamberlain from the
Executive Committee be regretfully accepted, and that the
Nominating Committee be asked to present a name to fill the
vacancy.

10. That a direct appeal be made to conferences and asso-
ciations to increase the number of lay delegates to the Coun-
cil.

11. That the Executive Committee be authorized to move
the office of the National Council to New York when it shall
seem expedient to it so to do.

Voted: That Kecommendation 3 above be referred to the
Executive Committee with power to fix the rate to be asked
to cover the traveling expenses of delegates to the next meet-
ing of the National Council. (P. 47.)

Resolution in regard to the League of Nations was pre-
sented by Eev. C. F. Carter of Connecticut and referred to
the Business Committee, with instructions to print and report
back to the Council as speedily as possible. (P. 21.)

The Secretary presented his biennial report. (P. 124.)

A service in memory of Rev. Washington Gladden was con-
ducted by Professor Graham Taylor of Illinois, and the hymn,
"0 Master, let me walk with thee," was sung.

Rev. A. Penry Evans of England brought greetings to the
Council from the English Congregational Union.

Report of the Commission on Missions was presented by
Rev. J. T. Stocking of New Jersey. (P. 140.) Mr. Frank
Kimball of Illinois presented the section of the report dealing
with the question of salaries of ministers and other religious
workers. A meeting of lajTuen of the Council was called to

MINUTES 21

consider the matter further at 7.30 A. M., Thursday, at the
Hotel Pantlind.

Report of the Corporation of the National Council was
presented by Rev. W. H. Day of Connecticut. (P. 121.)

Report of the Annuity Fund for Congregational Ministers
was presented by Rev. H. F. Swartz of New York. (P. 352.)

Report of the Board of Ministerial Relief was presented by
Rev. W. A. Rice of New York. (P. 347.)

On recommendation of the Nominating Committee the fol-
lowing were elected to membership on the Board of Ministerial
Relief :

For six years. Mr. H. G. Cordley, New Jersey, Rev. 0. E.
Maurer, Connecticut, Prof. Williston "Walker, Connecticut,
Mr. C. C. West, New Jersey, Rev. C. H. Wilson, New Jersey.

Report of the Commission on the Pilgrim Memorial Fund
was presented by Rev. C. S. Mills of New Jersey. (P. 266.)

On recommendation of the Business Committee,

Voted: That the Commission on Missions be requested by
the Council to hold hearings, in accordance with the prece-
dents regarding similarly important matters in preceding
Councils, upon the matters presented in the recommendations
submitted by the Commission.

This action is taken with the understanding that the Com-
mission will choose hours for the hearings that will not con-
flict with the regular program of the Council.

Resolution on the League of Nations was presented by the
Business Committee.

Voted: To limit debate upon the question to five minutes
for each speaker. By unanimous consent Rev. Doremus
Scudder was given as much time as he desired to speak on
the subject.

Voted: To extend the session until 6 o'clock.

The following resolutions were adopted:

Resolved: That the National Council of Congregational
Churches, now in session at Grand Rapids, Michigan, voices
its gratitude to Almighty God for the triumph of right over
might and the return of peace.

Resolved: That the Council favors the ratification and adop-
tion of the peace treaty and the covenant of the Leagaie of

22 MINUTES

Nations without amendments and with only such reserva- ,
tions as shall strengthen the moral influence of the United
States. While not indifferent to imperfections and anticipat-
ing adjustments under the test of actual operation, the Coun-
cil regards the League as substituting reliance on moral prin-
ciples effectively organized for dependence on military policy
subject to the balance of power. The Council suppofts the
covenant as the only political instrument now available by
which the spirit of Jesus Christ may find wider scope in prac-
tical application to the affairs of nations. Through this
covenant the conscience of mankind registers its determina-
tion to renounce aggressive warfare, and the United States
assumes responsibility in promoting freedom and justice
among the peoples of the earth.

Resolved: That a copy of these resolutions be sent by tele-
graph to the Committee on Foreign Relations of the United
States Senate.

Voted: That a copy of the resolutions be sent also to Pres-
ident Woodrow "Wilson.

The following resolution was adopted:

Resolved: That the ministers present be urged to read the
resolutions on the League of Nations to their congregations
on the first Sunday after their return and to preach upon it,
also to have the resolutions printed in the local press and in
every way to give the widest publicity to it.

The session adjourned at 5.55 o'clock.

Friday, October 24.

Devotional service at 9.00 A. M. was conducted by Rev.
0. E. Maurer of Connecticut.

At 9.30 the business session was called to order with the
Moderator in the chair.

Mrs. C. H. Fowler presented the "World Outlook," the
organ of the Inter- Church World Movement.

The First Assistant Moderator was called to the chair and
presided throughout the session.

The following recommendations of the Commission on Mis-
sions were adopted:

MINUTES 23

1. That the American Church in Paris and its representa-
tive, Rev. Stanley- Ross Fisher, be cordially commended to the
confidence and aid of the Congregationalists of the United
States.

2. That the question of sharing in plans inaugurated by
the Federal Council for aiding the Protestant Churches of
France be referred with power to the Commission.

3. That the general plan of^the retirement age for execu-
tives of the Council and Mission Boards be approved. (P. 150.)

4. That the National Council of Congregational Churches
recognize the service of the American Bible Society as indis-
pensable to its missions, home and foreign.

5. That the request of the American Bible Society to be
placed among the official benevolences of the Congregational
churches on the apportionment basis be referred with power
to the Commission on Missions.

Resolution presented hj Prof. Williston Walker of Con-
necticut was adopted as follows :

Resolved: That the National Council of the Congregational
Churches of the United States has received with satisfaction
the invitation of the Ad Interim Committee of the Inter-
Church Conference on Organic Unity that the Congregational
Churches be represented in the Council of Churches speedily
to be convened by said Ad Interim Committee, and accepts
the invitation on the terms that the conclusions of the pro-
posed Council shall have no validity as affecting the Con-
gregational Churches till approved and recommended by this
Council; furthermore, that the Nominating Committee is di-
rected to report the names of delegates to the proposed Coun-
cil of Churches, to be elected by this body.

The Commission on Missions announced a hearing at 5.00
P. ]\I. on the question of the relation of the Council to the
Inter-Church "World Movement.

Report from the LavTuen's Breakfast was presented by
Mr. Frank Kimball of Illinois, and upon recommendation the
following resolutions were adopted :

Be it Resolved: That this assembly of Congregational lay-
men meeting with the National Council send through the
Council office a letter to every church asking it to give im-

24 MINUTES

mediate attention to the matter of the increase of its pastor's
salary and to report through the State Superintendent or
State Secretary of its State the exact status of the salary
question in that church.

Be it Resolved: That we further recommend the creation
and election by the National Council at this time of a com-
mission of nine laymen to be known as the Commission on
the Status of the Ministry, who shall take in hand the matter
of securing from the churches such increase of salary for
their ministers as shall meet the present emergency, urging
that such increase shall not be less than 25 per cent in excess
of pre-war salaries.

The question of salaries paid to pastors is one that should
receive immediate attention of our churches. The cost of
living has increased very greatly, while the salaries paid to
ministers have for the most part remained stationary. This
is to the discredit of our churches and the laymen whose
business it is to direct in this matter. Justice and the wel-
fare of the churches demand that such increase of salary shall
now be made. At this time very many of our ministers are
receiving less than is paid to unskilled labor.

Therefore, he it further Resolved: That such Commission
shall consider the framing of a definite program, the purpose
of which shall be to prepare conditions for and to bring into
the ministry of our Congregational churches in increased
number strong, able, forceful young men, who shall make it
possible for the churches to meet and satisfy the great de-
mands of the time. Any program so framed by the Commis-
sion shall be by them submitted to the Commission on Mis-
sions for its consideration and approval and for direction by
it as to those things which may be done before the next bien-
nial meeting of the Council.

On recommendation of the Nominating Committee Com-
mission on Evangelism was elected (P. 6).

The minutes were read and approved.

On recommendation of the Business Committee the follow-
ing resolutions were adopted:

In view of the one hundred years of philanthropic service to
all the peoples of Turkey and the large investment of life

MINUTES 25

and property made by the people of America through the
Christian Church, in view of the present crisis threatening not
only the continuance of this humanitarian service but the
very existence of the people for whom it was established, and
in view of the fact that the United States is the only one of
the great powers which is in a position to render this service ;

Be is therefore Resolved: That it is the earnest conviction
of the National Council of the Congregational Churches of
the United States assembled in Grand Kapids that action
should immediately be taken by the United States to protect
the people of Armenia, such as is contemplated in the Wil-
liams Resolution now before the Senate.

Be it further Resolved: That copies of this resolution be
forwarded to the President of the United States, the Com-
mittee on Foreign Relations and the leaders of the Majority
and Minority parties in the United States Senate.

Recommendations of the Business Committee were adopted
as follows :

1. In view of the availability and value of the program of
the Boy Scouts of America for the development of character
and training for citizenship in boys, and in view of the special
service which it may render to the Church in the religious
training of its bo^'hood, the National Council of the Congre-
gational Churches commends this program to the churches of
our order as offering a means of supplementing the work of
other educational agencies in training our boys for serv'ice ;
and it further recommends that the Education Society be re-
quested to give guidance to our churches in their effort to
utilize the Boy Scout program.

2. That the National Council of Congregational Churches
approves of the plan of the American Bible Society in setting
apart the last Sunday in November as universal "Bible Sun-
day" for the purpose of promoting a deeper personal interest
in the Word of God; and that all the churches be requested
to take part as far as may be practicable in the observance
of "Bible Sunday" at or near the Thanksgiving season.

3. That the Council recommends that pastors present the
challenge of the Christian ministry to their churches on the
Sunday preceding the Day of Prayer for Colleges, and that

26 MINUTES

the officers of the Education Society be charged to bring this
to the attention of the ministers.

4. That in view of the already effective service of some
women ministers in our own as well as in other denomina-
tions, a committee be appointed to secure information; first,
as to the number of women now in the ministry, their stand-
ing and efficiency ; and second, as to the need of women minis-
ters. And that, in view of the increasing use of lay preach-
ing by our English brethren, this matter of lay preaching
be committed to this same committee ; and that to this com-
mittee be referred all matters dealing with church assistants
and germane subjects; this committee to report at the next
Council.

Report of the Committee on Creetings was presented.
Greetings from the House of Deputies and the House of
Bishops of the Protestant Episcopal Church in session at
Detroit, Michigan, and replies to the same sent by the Com-
mittee were read.

A special business session of the Council was called for
4 P. M. to consider the Eeport of the Commission on Organ-
ization.

Report of the Commission on Comity, Federation and Unity
was presented by Rev. Raymond Calkins (P. 255) and the
following resolution was adopted:

Resolved: That the National Council of the Congregational
Churches of the United States receives with genuine interest
the report of the action of the General Convention of the
Protestant Episcopal Church, and that a Commission of Fif-
teen be appointed to confer with a commission of the Episco-
pal General Convention and to report at the next meeting
of the National Council.

Report of the Committee on the International Council was
presented by President W. D. Mackenzie (P. 283) and the
following recommendations of the Committee were adopted :

1. That the Nominating Committee of the Council be in-
structed to submit at this meeting the names of 150 delegates
to the International Council and that the Committee on the
International Council be empowered to fill vacancies in the
list chosen.

MINUTES 27

2. That the Committee on International Council with the
concurrence of the Committee in Great Britain be author-
ized to invite every Congregational Church in the world to
send representatives to the Council, such representatives to
be properly certified by the appointing churches, to be en-
rolled as corresponding Members and listed in the printed
report.

On motion of Rev. W. H. Day, Rev. W. G. Milarr of Bond
Street Church, Toronto, Canada, was made a corresponding
member of the Council.

At the special business session of the Council at 4.00 P. M.
the following recommendations of the Commission on Organi-
zation were adopted:

1. That the Council approve the Constitution for a Local
Church as presented in Appendix A as a suggestive form. (P.
190.)

2. That the Council approve the Constitution for the Inter-
national Council as presented in Appendix C as a suggestive
form. (P. 210.)

Saturday, October 25.

Devotional service at 9.00 A. M. was conducted by Rev.
O. E. Maurer of Connecticut.

The Council was called to order at 9.30 by the Moderator.

Supplementary report of the Commission on Missions was
presented and given right of way OA'er all other business until
completed.

The following recommendations of the Commission on Mis-
sions were adopted:

1. That a program be presented to the Council calling for
the raising of $50,000,000 as a minimum on a five-year pro-
gram.

2. That the details of the program and all amendments
as suggested in the Commission's report be referred to the
Tercentenary Program Commission^ of twenty-five members
named by the Commission on Missions, the same to be the
nucleus of a Commission Avhich shall have in charge the for-
mulation and execution of a plan for a great forward move-

1 To be known hereafter as Commission on Congregational World Move-
ment. (See P. 11). — Editor.

28 MINUTES

ment along the lines suggested, this conunittee of twenty-five
to be instructed to enlarge its numbers by inviting ten nomi-
nations from the National Mission Boards and a nomination
from the Board of Directors of each state conference having
more than 5,000 members, one additional being named for
each additional 25,000 members or major fraction thereof.

3. The projection b}^ this Commission of a comprehensive
survey of our denominational fields of labor, showing in de-
tail the specific needs of men and money for the purpose of
securing a solid basis for a plan of advance.

4. The formulation by this Commission of a five-year pro-
gram of efi'ort which shall include all our common undertak-
ings— missionarj', educational, social and evangelistic, a cen-
tral feature of which program shall be a united denomina-
tional budget of annual expenditure to be provided by an
Every Member Canvass, and which in the aggregate shall call
for the raising of a minimum of $50,000,000 divided as the
need shall appear.

Ample provision shall be made in the program for develop-
ment of the educational and spiritual forces of which gifts
of money are simply the visible expression. It will also be
recognized as fundamental that our local churches shall be
aided in every feasible way to secure an equipment, maintain
a staff and conduct activities adequate to the demands of
our time.

J5. In addition to the above the following elements should
be included in such program :

(a) A Program of Prayer, with an urgent call to our entire

fellowship to unite in specific petition for the on-
going of the Kingdom through this program.

(b) A Program of Christian Work, including (1) evangel-

ism; (2) religious education; (3) church extension;
(4) community service; (5) world service through
foreign missionary activities.

cluding (1) the ministry; (2) missionary service;
(3) church assistants; (4) miscellaneous religious
work.

MINUTES 29

(d) A Campaign of Stewardship seeking the commitment
of Congregational Christians to the principle and
practice of the trusteeship of all we are and have.

6. The creation by the Commission of a simple but ade-
quate organization for the execution of the plan together with
a method for meeting the costs of such execution. It is the
judgment of your Commission that such costs should be a first
charge upon the united budget and that they should not ex-
ceed two per cent of the total.

7. Close co-operation at all points w^tli the Interchurch
World Movement, supplementary features special to our own
denomination being provided as needed.

8. The Tercentenary Program Committee above named to
be empowered to take all necessary steps for getting the con-
templated survey under way and to prepare a plan of action
for submission to the full Commission when it is called to-
gether.

9. That the Interchurch World Movement be heartily en-
dorsed, that the Mission Boards of the denomination be asked
to co-operate with it, and that our Tercentenary Program
Commission be instructed to carry forward its task in close
relationship to the Movement's plans.

10. That the Council, recognizing that a campaign of such
magnitude will require an unusual initial expense, recom-
mends to our Mission Boards that they under\^-rite the Inter-
church World Movement and the plans of promotion adopted
by the Commission just appointed up to a total of six per
cent of the aggregate budget adopted, the same to be divided
as the commission shall decide. It is understood that the por-
tion assigned to the Interchurch World Movement is to be se-
cured by that body from special gifts made to its treasury
and that the portion used by the commission for the promo-
tion of its work shall be a first charge pro rata against re-
ceipts secured under the plan of campaign proposed.

11. That the Commission on Missions be asked to print the
recommendations as amended and adopted.

The foUo-^^ng recommendation of the Commission on Mis-
sions was referred to the Tercentenary Program Commission :
That $30,000,000 of the proposed fund be raised as a na-

30 MINUTES

tional denominational budget through national denominational
agencies and include amounts which have been raised or
shall be raised for the Pilgrim Memorial Fund, for which a
total of $8,000,000 is hoped, and enlarged contributions from
the churches for the Mission Boards; the remaining $20,000,-
000 to be raised for our educational institutions as an integral
part of the general effort.

On recommendation of the Nominating Committee the fol-
lowing were elected.

Secretary, Rev. Hubert C. Herring.
Treasurer, Mr. Frank F, Moore.
Executive Committee :

For six years. Rev. C. F. Carter, Connecticut.
Mr. A. M. Lyon, Massachusetts.
Rev. R. R. Wicks, Massachusetts.
For four years. Mr. V. A. Wallin, Illinois.
Additional members of the Commission on Evangelism:
Rev. C. E. Jefferson, New York.
Rev. J. E. Park, Massachusetts.
Voted: That three laymen be added to the Commission on
Evangelism.

On recommendation of the Nominating Committee the fol-
lowing commissions were elected:

Commission on Social Service (P. 6).
Commission on the Status of the Ministry (P. 7).
Commission on Organization (P. 7).
Commission on Religious and Moral Education (P. 6).
Commission on Temperance (P. 7).

Commission on Ordained Women, Church Assistants and
Lay Preachers (P. 7).
Three amendments to the By-Laws of the Council were
presented by Hon. J. H. Perry of Connecticut and referred
to the Business Committee (P. 32).

The Committee on Greetings reported the receipt of a
telegram from the G-eneral Convention of the Universalist
Church in session in Baltimore, Maryland, to which a reply
was sent.

Report of the National Service Commission was presented
and accepted as printed (P. 229).

' MINUTES 31

The following resolution was adopted:

Resolved: That the National Service Commission consti-
tuted b}^ the National Council of Congregational Churches at
its meeting held in Columbus, Ohio, in 1917, be and hereby
is discharged from further duties, and that the continuance
and completion of any work within the scope of its original
constitution be committed to the Social Service Commission;
and further

Resolved: That the treasurer of the National Service Com-
mission is hereby instructed to close his accounts on Novem-
ber 1 next, and to turn over the balance of funds in his hands
on that date to the treasurer of the Congregational Educa-
tion Society for the use of the Social Service Commission.

The following resolution presented by Chaplain John T.
Axton of New Jersey was adopted:

Whereas: The War Department has announced its deter-
mination to commit to its chaplains the entire program of
religious work for soldiers, and to cause the immediate with-
drawal of the welfare societies from camps, posts and sta-
tions, thereby placing great responsibility upon the chaplains
and increasing the need for men of exceptional ability; and
in view of the limitations in grades, privileges and allowances
that have deterred strong men from entering this field of
service,

Therefore he it Resolved: By the National Council of Con-
gregational Churches of the United States in session at Grand
Rapids, Michigan, October, 1919,

That we most heartily endorse the four propositions agreed
upon by the General Committee on Army and Navy Chap-
lains, and we urge the Congress of the United States to enact
legislation that will put these propositions into effect imme-
diately.

These propositions are :

1. Organization. There shall be created a corps in the
Army of the United States to be known as the Corps of Chap-
lains. Said corps shall be administered by a staff of three
chaplains fairly representing the religious forces of the coun-
try.

32 MINUTES '

2. The chaplains of said corps shall have rank, pay and
allowances as follows :

5 per cent with the rank, pay and allowance of colonel.

10 per cent with the rank, pay and allowance of lieu-
tenant colonel.

15 per cent with the rank, pay and allowance of major.

20 per cent with the rank, pay and allowance of captain.

25 per cent with the rank, pay and allowance of first
lieutenant.

3. The number of chaplains (including those now holding
permanent commissions) in the said corps shall be in the pro-
portion of one for each twelve hundred commissioned officers
and enlisted men authorized by law for the permanent mili-
tary establishment.

4. Appointments. No person shall be commissioned as a
chaplain who is over 35 years of age, and all commissions
shall be provisional for the term of two years, except that any
clergyman who shall have served during the period of the
recent emergency as a Chaplain in the Army of the United
States shall be eligible for permanent appointment on his
army record without regard to the requirement of provisional
service and examination respecting mental qualifications.

Resolved: That copies of this resolution be sent to the Sec-
retary of War, the Chaii-man of the House Committee on
Military Affairs, the Chairman of the Senate Committee on
Military Affairs, and the Secretary of the General Committee
on Army and Navy Chaplains.

Monday, October 27.

Devotional service at 9.00 A. M. was conducted by Rev. E.
B. Allen of Illinois.

The council was called to order at 9.30 by the Moderator.

On recommendation of the Business Committee the follow-
ing amendments to the By-Laws of the Council previously
proposed by Hon. J. H. Perry of Connecticut were adopted-.

1. By-Law VII, Section 4, Add the words, "No person
shall be eligible for successive reappointment on this com-
mittee. ' '

MINUTES 33

2. By-Law VII, Section 5, Add at the end of paragraph
(5) the words, "At least two of wliom shall be laymen."

3. By-Law IX, Add, "6. At least one-half of the mem-
bers of every continued commission shall be persons who have
not been members of it for the preceding term, and at least
one-third of the members of every commission shall be lay-
men. ' '

The Second Assistant Moderator was called to the chair and
presided during the rest of the session.

On recommendation of the Business Committee,

Voted: That the next meeting of the Council be held at Los
Angeles, California, in June, 1921.

Keport of the Social Service Commission was presented by
Rev. A. E. Holt of Massachusetts (P. 216) and on recom-
mendation of the Commission the following Declaration of
Principles was adopted:

The military mobilization of the nation through which we
have just passed was characterized by a consciousness of com-
mon welfare which enlisted the loyalty of all parties, races,
groups, and creeds. It took the hyphen out of all racial, in-
dustrial, social and ecclesiastical loyalties. Under the stress
of a common crisis and a great social passion to which the
churches gave a religious sanction our nation was integrated
in a unity which compelled the devotion of all its parts.

But military mobilization while easy to obtain is as super-
ficial as the methods which it uses. We find ourselves drift-
ing back into the old jealousies and the old strifes. The strife
between our racial groups is still a serious matter and calls
for the most serious consideration on the part of our people,
but more serious than racial division is the cleavage of our
national life due to the striving of our industrial and social
groups.

The demand of the hour is for, first, a new national order
large enough in its justice to make our nation in every com-
munity, rural, city, mining camp and factor}^, worthy the
full loyalty of every man who renders service in it, because
it offers to all such men an adequate share and portion in
its progress ; and second, for such a marshalling of our forces
of education in church and college and school as to train every

34 MINUTES

citizen for the full participation of hand and heart and brain
in such a social order of justice.

We recognize that the building of a great social order char-
acterized by justice is not something which can be set up en
masse, but must be built up community by community, social
situation by social situation; and that the obligation to think
in terms of social justice thus becomes the obligation of every
Christian to seek justice in every community where he has
accurate knowledge and control over conditions.

We declare for the sacredness of human beings over against
the world of things. All the machinery of civilization, its
industries, its laws, its institutions, exist for man and not man
for the machinery.

We declare for the absolute necessity of every social unit
both individual and group justifying itself on the basis of
its ability and will to serve. The crying need of today is for
men who see in the common vocation of life man's oppor-
tunity and obligation to serve. The community offers to
men the opportunity to be ministers, teachers, lawyers, sol-
diers, surgeons, merchants, manufacturers, publishers, and
laboring men. We need nothing short of a moral revolution
in the spirit and purpose with which men enter these lines
of work. There is not one ethic of service for the teacher
and another for the laboring man. There is not one law of
service for the minister and another law for the manufacturer.
There is not one law of service to the state for the soldier and
another for the lawyer. Public service alone justifies the
holding of private property or the possession of a license for
professional practice.

We declare that the setting up of programs of social jus-
tice must be a co-operative task of all groups and parties
concerned and that no one group has such a monopoly of a
sense of justice as to constitute it the sole arbiter of justice
in any social situation and we look with favor on all move-
ments in community, in national, in international and in in-
dustrial life which seek the way of justice by calling together
all parties concerned for common counsel. In the open parlia-
ments for free discussion we see part of those "things which
belong to peace."

MINUTES 35

We declare that the co-operation of free individuals and
free groups will produce a finer social order than can be built
up through the establishment of any dictatorship. We rec-
ognize that in granting to individuals and to groups a gener-
ous amount of freedom there is always a danger that society
will break up into social anarchy or degenerate into a dic-
tatorship of the strong. There are those who seek a solution
only in a new dictatorship of the many, but no community
is large enough to contain a dictatorship. True community
life resents the dictatorship of church, of capital, of heredi-
tary class, of military power or of the proletariat. A com-
munity that accepts the dictatorship of any one class has for-
feited the right to the loyalty of all other classes. We be-
lieve that a free community served by free individuals and by
free groups in a brotherly spirit of co-operation can offer
to every man a larger share and portion than any other kind
of social order which the w^orld knows.

We declare for an extended application of the great sum-
mary of the law of social justice given us by Jesus, "What-
soever ye would that men should do unto you, even so do ye
unto them," which being further interpreted means we shall
not be contented until those values which we demand for our-
selves as privileges become the possession of every man inside
the limits of our social order.

We demand for ourselves an adequate home life; even so
must we extend the privilege unto others.

We demand for ourselves a living wage and conditions con-
ducive to health and morality; even so must we extend these
conditions until they exist for the masses of the people.

We demand for ourselves an adequate economic oppor-
tunity; even so must we work for a social order in which
there will be none without opportunity to work and in which
it will be impossible for idlers to live in luxury and for work-
ers to live in poverty.

We demand for ourselves a square deal in industry; even
so will we seek to abolish all special economic privileges which
enable some to live at the expense of others.

We demand for ourselves the right to determine the condi-
tions under which we labor ; even so must we extend this privi-

MINUTES

lege of self-determination and representation in industry to
others.

We demand for ourselves opportunities for wholesome rec-
reation ; even so would we see that the opportunity for whole-
some play is extended to the limits of the community.

We demand for ourselves public safety in person; even so
we would uphold the sacredness of all machinery of public
law and will not allow it to be manipulated in the interest
of any private group, and we will fight mob lawlessness to
the extent of our ability.

We demand for ourselves safety in name and reputation;
even so we will fight the promotion of race prejudice and
every means by which men rob our neighbor of his good
name.

We demand for ourselves the chance for education and the
opportunity for culture; even so would we place this privi-
lege at the disposal of all the people.

We demand for ourselves freedom of conscience and free-
dom of worship ; even so will we maintain that right for
others in the face of private and public intolerance and we
would reinstate the right of free speech in American life.

Whatsoever of these major satisfactions of life we would
for ourselves, these we must demand for our fellowmen who
share our social order with us.

With that ardor with which we pray, "Our Father who
art in Heaven, hallowed be thy name," we would dedicate
ourselves to so work and teach and preach, that the world
in which we seek our daily bread may be so ordered by the
principles of justice and fair dealing that every dweller in
country side and city, in mining camp and factory town, may
see in the community in which he dwells an object worthy of
his whole hearted devotion, because it offers him a fair share
in those abiding satisfactions of life which are the just reward
of the fraternity of those who serve.

Resolutions regarding the industrial situation presented
by Rev. E. G. Guthrie of Massachusetts were referred to the
Business Committee with instructions to print and report at
a special session at 5.00 P. M.

MINUTES 37

Resolutions regarding the Negro Question were introduced
by Mr. T. C. MacMillan of Illinois, which with amendments
offered by Rev. H. H. Proctor of Georgia were adopted and
referred to the Committee on Declarations for revision and
condensation (P. 40).

On recommendation of the Business Committee

Voted: That a Committee of five members on Declarations
of the Council be appointed.

Resolutions were presented by Rev. F. W. Merrick of
Massachusetts regarding the attitude of President Wilson and
of Governor Coolidge of Massachusetts in the present indus-
trial crisis which were referred to the Commission on Declara-
tions.

On recommendation of the Committee on Nominations the
following Committee on Declarations was elected :

Rev. Ernest Bourner Allen, Illinois, Chairman.
Rev. F. "W. Merrick, Massachusetts.
Mr. W. E. S\veet, Colorado.
Mr. M. E. Preisch, New York.
Rev. H. L. Bailey, Massachusetts.

Resolution approved by the Business Committee was pre-
sented by the Nominating Committee and adopted as follows :

Resolved, That for purposes of nomination for positions on
commissions and committees and for other positions connected
with the Council, ' ' ministers ' ' shall be deemed to be those who
have been ordained, and "laymen" those who have not been
ordained.

Recommendations of the Social Ser\^ce Commission were
adopted as follows :

Inasmuch as the social and industrial conditions of the
country constitute a most imperative problem before us; and
inasmuch as a far reaching program of education is necessary
among the ministers and laymen of our churches ; it is recom-
mended

That the National Council guarantee a financial support for
its Social Service Commission for the work of conference and
propaganda.

That four meetings a year be held, and that if possible the
findings of the conferences be published.

MINUTES

That an appropriation of not less than $2,000 a year is
needed to do this. work.

Tuesday, October 28.

Devotional service at 9.00 A. M. was conducted by Rev.
E. B. Allen of Illinois.

At 9.30 the Council was called to order by the Moderator.
On recommendation of the Business Committee the follow-
ing telegram was ordered sent :
To the United States Senate :

The National Council of the Congregational Churches
of the United States in session at Grand Rapids, Michi-
gan, requests your honorable body to pass promptly the
"Code for Enforcement of National Prohibition" over
the President's veto.

(Signed) H. C. King, Moderator

H. C. Herring, Secretary
Report of the Commission on Evangelism was presented by
President 0. S. Davis of Ulinois (P. 166).

The greetings of the Council with a basket of chrysanthe-
mums were presented to Rev. Mark "Williams for fifty- three
years a missionary in China, it being his eighty-fifth birth-
day.

Voted: That the Council has welcomed with cordial appre-
ciation the friendly and fraternal greeting of the official repre-
sentatives of the Free Church Council of England and Wales,
presenting the desirability of wide-spread celebration of the
sailing of the Pilgrims by the people of Pilgrim principles
on both sides of the Atlantic.

Voted: That the question of provision for suitable co-oper-
ation in the celebration in Great Britain of the sailing of the
Mayflower, to be held in 1920, be referred to the Executive
Committee of the National Council with power.

A telegram was received asking the prayers of the Council
for Rev. George Clark, a delegate from Connecticut, who was
stricken with illness on his way home from the Council, and
prayer was offered by Rev. H. C. Herring.

On recommendation of the Commission on Missions the new
Tercentenary Program Commission was elected (P. 11).

MINUTES 39

In reply to communications received, greetings were sent
to the Hawaiian Evangelical Association, Mr. George H.
Himes, Curator of the Oregon Historical Society, the Toronto
District Congregational Association and the National Council
of Japan.

On recommendation of the Nominating Committee members
of the Corporation of the National Council to serve for six
years were elected (P. 12).

The Pilgrim Memorial Fund Commission of One Hundred
were reelected with the addition of the following names :
Hon. S. E. Baldwin, Connecticut.
Rev. George A. Gordon, Massachusetts.
Mr. F. B. Lovejoy, New Jersey.
The following representatives on the Executive Committee
of the Federal Council were elected :
Rev. H. C. Herring, New York.
Rev. R. W. McLaughlin, New York.
Mr. N. M. Little, District of Columbia.

Alternates
Rev. Horace Holton, Massachusetts.
Mr. R. A. Dorman, New York.
Rev. H. A. Atkinson, New York.
On recommendation of the Nominating Committee author-
ity was given to the Commission on Missions to add three
members to the Tercentenary^ Program Commission.

Authority was given to the Commission on Missions to ap-
point the Congregational representatives in the Interchurch
World Movement.

Authority was given to the Executive Committee to ap-
point delegates to the Plymouth Tercentenary celebration in
England.

The industrial resolutions presented at a previous session
were called up, all previous motions and amendments were
withdrawn, a substitute resolution was presented and referred
back to the Business Committee with instructions to print
and report at 5.00 P. M.

A resolution in regard to the temperance question presented
by Rev. H. H. Russell was referred to the Business Commit-
tee to be printed and reported at 5.00 P. M.

40 MINUTES

The Committee on Declarations presented the resolution
on the Negro question in condensed form and it was adopted
as follows :

In view of the widespread lawlessness which has found
particularly vicious expression in trampling upon the rights
of black men and women, the National Council of Congre-
gational Churches of the United States reaffirming the his-
toric attitude of our churches, again voices its disapproval
of mob law and racial hatred.

We demand for the negro equal rights before the law and
the complete citizenship guaranteed by the constitution. We
believe he is entitled to equal service at equal cost and to
equal educational opportunity with white men. We urge our
churches to give attention to the acute problems confronting
the negro in the North in relation to housing, industrial free-
dom and social justice. We commend our negro brothers and
sisters for their Christian patience and sacrificial service in
these great and trying days.

We specifically commend the Congregational mayor of
Omaha, Mr. E. P. Smith, for his heroic stand in protecting
a negro from mob trial. We also recommend to Congress
the passage of a law making lynching a national offense.

On recommendation of the Business Committee the follow-
ing resolutions were adopted :

Resolved: That this Council wishes to commend the clear
thinking and courageous purpose of President Wilson in rela-
tion to the threatened coal strike, Governor Coolidge of Massa-
chusetts in his attitude toward the police strike in Boston, and
all executive officials who today are standing for the main-
tenance of order and constituted authority.

Resolved: That the National Congregational Council in ses-
sion at Grand Rapids, Michigan, recognizes the importance of
the President's message upon the threatened coal strike and
pledges its influence in support of his purpose to enforce the
law and to protect the interests of all the people.

Resolved: That we deprecate the spirit of intolerance and
injustice which at times finds expression in our country
against those with whom we were recently at war. While
not abating one whit our conviction concerning the great

MINUTES 41

patriotic aims of the war, we nevertheless pledge ourselves
to the promotion among all our people of the principles of
Christian brotherhood and good will to the end that peace and
harmony may prevail among the racial elements of our cos-
mopolitan population and that internal discord and acts of
injustice may be dispelled.

Resolved: That the National Council of Congregational
Churches at Grand Rapids recognizes the w^ork of the Lord's
Day League in the enactment of proper Sunday laws in the
several states, and renews its approval of the Lord 's Day Alli-
ance. We request our people to co-operate with it to secure
and enforce the six day working week and to promote observ-
ance of the moral and religious ends of Sunday.

Voted: That all resolutions adopted by the Council be
printed for distribution on Wednesday.

On recommendation of the Social Service Commission the
following resolutions were adopted :

Whereas: The breaking up, of an alarmingly large number
of American homes is indicated by the fact that America leads
the Christian Nations of the world in the ratio of divorce
to marriage ;

Be It Resolved: That the Council urges ministers so to
work and teach that membership in the Christian Church
shall be a guarantee of conscientiousness and intelligence
about the duties of home life.

Be It further Resolved: That we urge upon our ministers
increased care in the scrutiny of the records of divorced peo-
ple seeking remarriage.

Be It further Resolved: That we urge an amendment to
our Federal Constitution that will give Congress power to
legislate on all questions of marriage and divorce.

Report of the Committee on Credentials was presented by
Rev. L. L. Taylor of New York as follows :

The Committee on Credentials would respectfully report
the enrollment of 572 delegates, and takes pleasure in com-
mending the arrangements made by the Secretary's office for
this task, and carried through with unfailing diligence and
patience by Miss Nichols.

In view of the multiplying responsibilities of the Council

42 MINUTES

and the growing complexity of its work, the importance of
having regular and thoroughly understood methods, not only
for enrollment, but for the choice and accrediting of dele-
gates is apparent. It is clearly the purpose of the constitution
that the Council should not be thought of as in any sense or
to any degree a mass convention, but that it should have a
continuing or overlapping membership of regularly chosen
delegates. The by-law (XX) which provides for the fQling
of A^acancies was manifestly intended to cover emergencies,
and not to make the filling out of delegations at the Council
so easy as to discourage an earnest effort on the part of asso-
ciations and conferences to send their full quotas of duly
elected and accredited delegates. The establishment of the
Traveling Expense Fund is another reason for attempting
and encouraging all along the line a more careful and thor-
ough procedure in the selection and accrediting of delegates
in advance, and for recognizing the right of alternate dele-
gates to be informed in good season of inability on the part
of primary delegates to attend the Council.

The Committee recommends that in perfecting the roll of
this Council and in arranging for the enrollment of the next,
the Secretary and those associated with him be asked care-
fully to consider what should be done with or without amend-
ing the by-laws, to improve our administrative methods at
this important point.

It is also recommended that in preparing for the next meet-
ing of the Council the Secretary be authorized to request that
certificates of substitution under by-law XX shall not be
presented till the afternoon of the second day of the meet-
ing.

The Commision on Organization presented the following
recommendations, which were adopted:

1. That the question of approving the Constitution for a
District Association as presented in Appendix B as a sugges-
tive form be referred to the New Committee on Organization
for further study.

2. That Article XI, section 1, of the By-Laws of the Na-
tional Council which defines the membership of the Commis-
sion on Missions be so amended that it shall read as follows :

MINUTES 43

On nomination by the standing committee on nominations
the National Council shall elect fourteen persons; and shall
elect one person on nomination of each of the following Socie-
ties or groups of Societies: The American Board of Com-
missioners for Foreign Missions, the whole body of "Woman's
Boards of Foreign Missions, the Church Extension Board
(comprising the Congregational Home Missionary Society,
the Congregational Church Building Society, and the Con-
gregational Sunday School Extension Society), the Woman's
Home Missionary Federation, the American Missionary Asso-
ciation, the Congregational Education Society (comprising
the Educational and Publishing interests) and the Board of
Ministerial Relief ; and shall also elect four persons nominated
by the nominating committee from the names suggested by
the representatives of the Extension Societies at their mid-
winter session to represent the State organizations ; who, to-
gether with the Secretary of the National Council ex-offieio,
shall constitute a Commission on Missions,

3. That, in harmony with the provision of the 2nd recoin-
mendation, the Executive Committee be requested to submit
to each State Conference the proposal that by formal vote it
signify its desire to conduct the portion of its activities which
bears on missions as a part of the entire denominational mis-
sionary structure in which the Commission on Missions shall
be recognized as a co-ordinating agency.

4. That there be general recognition by the State Con-
ferences of the leadership of the educational specialists of
the Congregational Education Society as a co-operative agency
promotive of their state educational program; and also that
there be a more adequate distribution of the areas of service
of these specialists through mutual conference with all con-
cerned, such conference to be initiated by the Education
Society.

5. That the Education Society provide a uniform course
of studj^ for such ministerial candidates as have been unable
to avail themselves of the advantages of collegiate and sem-
inary training, the course to cover a period of three j^ears,
and that it be tendered to the State Conferences and through
them to the Local Associations as a suggestive course.

44 MINUTES

6. That initiative be taken hy the Board of Ministerial
Relief of the National Council looking to the largest possible
unification of the national and state service, reserving to the
states advisory functions in the approval of applications for
such relief.

7. That the proposed amendments to the Constitution of
the Council referred to this Commission for consideration
and considered in the body of this report, providing for en-
largement of ex-officio membership of the Council by includ-
ing in such membership the President or Acting President
of each of the Societies, Boards and Associations mentioned
in Article X of the By-Laws, and also Presidents of Theo-
logical Seminaries, be not approved.

8. That the National Service Commission be discontinued
and its function be assumed by the Social Service Commission
whose membership and that of the Commission on Evangelism
be increased to fifteen, and that there be continued Commis-
sions on Religious and Moral Education ; on Comity, Federa-
tion, and Unity ; on Temperance ; and on Organization, to
consist of seven members each.

9. That the Council approve the form of bill presented in
Appendix D as a suggestive guide to State Conferences seek-
ing legislative enactment for the conservation of property in-
terests.

10. That the Executive Committee be instructed to make
further careful study of the problem of pastoral supply and
of the wisdom and expediency of instituting Bureaus of Pas-
toral Supply for the entire country.

11. (a) That the churches in any community be urged
to combine in the study, planning and organization which are
needed if they are to achieve their task, which is the Christian-
izing of the community.

(b) That in the overchurched and the unchurched village,
town or city suburb, where sectarian competition is an evident
or an imminent catastrophe, all Christians of every name be
urged in the spirit of their common Master to unite in a
community church, choosing the name and the single denom-
inational connection which will most surely conserve the faith

MINUTES 45

and heritage of the largest number and most adequately serve
the whole community.

(c) That for the promotion of such community churches
our denomination through state conferences, national and
state missionary societies, proffer utmost cooperation with
other denominations, including the waiving of property
rights and the surrendering of preaching circuits on the basis
of a reciprocal exchange of fields, believing that losses suf-
fered by each denomination in certain areas will be offset by
the gains made in other areas and particularly by the total
progress of the Avide Kingdom.

(d) That our Commission on Missions be specifically desig-
nated to invite the co-operation of other denominations in for-
mulating and adopting a program of interdenominational com-
ity embodying these ideals and sending forth a common prop-
aganda for community church organization throughout the
nation in harmony with the noble achievements already made
on the foreign field.

The Commission on Organization gave notice of a proposed
amendment to the By-Laws of the Council.

The Business Committee recommended and the Council
adopted the following statement on the industrial situation :

The National Council of the Congregational Churches of
the United States, recognizing that the present industrial
situation in our country has come to a deadlock, fraught with
danger to all the interests vre hold in common, desires to put
on record the following resolutions :

1. That no solution can be obtained apart from the appli-
cation of unbiased justice by and to all classes, and a spirit
of service in fact as well as in name.

2. That it recognizes that the heart of the struggle of
Labor is not for higher wages and shorter hours alone, but
has as its objective the attainment of a new status which must
not only be conceded to it but universally acknowledge if in-
dustrial democracy is to be established.

3. That it recognizes that the principle of organized repre-
sentation of the interests of labor is the just counterpart of
the corporate interests of Capital.

46 MINUTES

4. That while we recognize the right of the individual wage
earner to contract with his employer if he so prefers, we
believe that the general interest of the wage earners is best
promoted by collective bargaining.

5. That, specifically, we acknowledg-e the right of wage
earners to organize without discrimination, to bargain col-
lectively, to be represented by representatives of their own
choosing in negotiations and adjustments with employers in
respect to wages, hours of labor and relations and conditions
of employment.

6. That the Council recognizes that there are three methods
of collective bargaining; first, by the Craft Union method in
which the workers are organized in great national organiza-
tions like the American Federation of Labor; second, by the
organization of the employees by industries, like the plan of
the International Harvester Company; third, by the group
method in which the great body of unorganized workers ex-
press themselves collectively. The Council recognizes and
holds that Capital should recognize in all three the expression
of labor's solidarity, and its right to determine by which
method it will work out its relation to Capital.

7. That Labor on the basis of these conceded rights must,
hy a process of self-discipline, address itself to the acceptance
of larger obligations and responsibilities for carrying through
to successful issue the processes of industry, particularly in-
sisting on the imperative obligation to fulfill contracts and
to obey the laws of the land.

8. That the industrial democracy toward which we are
striving requires on the part of all the classes involved and
on the part of the general public, unflinching insistence upon
freedom of speech and assembly — so long as the use of this
freedom is without disloyalty to the republic — openness of
mind, a stern self-discipline resulting in a church, a govern-
ment, and an industrial order that shall in very truth serve
the common good of all.

9. The rights of the public are a paramount consideration
in all disputes between Capital and Labor and neither Capital
nor Labor should permanently sacrifice these for any selfish
ends.

MINUTES 47

10. The Council believes that the recognition of the right
to self determination on the part of Labor and Capital is
preliminary to, and useless without, an effective co-operation
in common duties which will reveal that industry is, in its
essential nature, a public service to which these parties con-
tribute. And the Council earnestly recommends further and
frequent industrial conferences whose ultimate aim shall be to
establish the community of all classes in the common enter-
prise of industry, as it gratefully commends all men repre-
senting Capital or Labor or the public, who, by their attitude
and efforts, are seeking to establish that co-operative common-
wealth which is an essential part of the Kingdom of God.

On recommendation of the Business Committee the follow-
ing resolution was adopted :

Resolved, That this Council appoint a commission of five
members to investigate the present condition and prospects
of the schools responsible for the training of our ministers;
more particularly the geographical relations of the schools;
their financial condition; the per capita cost of their gradu-
ates for the past decade ; their educational policies as regards
both one another and other institutions furnishing recruits
for pastoral and missionary service; and the relations of the
schools to the national budgets proposed in the plan to raise
$50,000,000.

"Wednesday, October 29.

Devotional service at 9.00 A. M. was conducted by Rev.
E. B. Allen of Illinois.

At 9.30 the Council was called to order by the Moderator.

The Executive Committee reported that on the basis of a
careful estimate of the sum required for the^ railway fare of
delegates to the National Council under existing conditions,
it had fixed the per capita contribution to be asked for this
purpose at one cent for each year of the coming biennium.

On recommendation of the Business Committee,

Voted: That the Council expresses to the Park Congrega-
tional Church of Grand Rapids its heartfelt gratitude that
through their invitation we have enjoyed the generous hospi-
tality of the homes of their beautiful and progressive city.

48 MINUTES

For the tlioiightfulness and the gracious word of welcome of
its pastor, Rev. C. W. Merriam, for the large and painstaking
attention to all details of facilities for the comfort, conven-
ience and conduct of the Council in the promotion of its busi-
ness and its fellowship, for the favors shown by the press, for
the co-operative service rendered by the other churches of the
city, we express our sincerest gratitude.

Voted: That the cordial thanks of the Council be extended
to the Temple Tours and to Rev. G. T. McCollum for their
services in connection with transportation matters at the
present meeting.

On recommendation of the Business Committee the By-
Laws of the Council were amended as proposed by the Com-
mission on Organization as follows.

By-Law VI. Amend so that it shall read, "The terms of
office of the Secretary, Treasurer, and of any other officers
not otherwise provided for shall begin January 1 following
the meeting at which they are chosen and continue for two
years and until their successors are chosen and qualified.

Resolutions presented by Rev. Frank Dyer of Washington
were adopted as follows :

Resolved: That the National Council rejoices in the great
company of young men identified with and active in our
churches throughout the nation and in the promise of men
showing leadership.

Resolved: That the Council also recognizes the urgent need
in this post-war period of new effort on the part of all our
churches, associations, conferences and national organizations,
to call young men to Christian life and Christian service and
a fuller participation in the spiritual obligations which belong
to us as a people.

Resolved: That a commission of fifteen on Men's Work be
appointed, with power to add to their number, a majority of
whom shall have served in our army.

The following named persons were added to the Tercen-
tenary Program Commission :

Rev. H. H. Proctor, Georgia.
Mrs. L. 0. Lee, Illinois.
Rev. F. G. Ward, Illinois.

MINUTES 49

Voted: That the Tercentenary Program Commission be
given power to add to its number five members at large, it
being understood that these shall be named from districts
not otherwise represented.

On recommendation of the Commission on Missions,

Voted: That the National Council of Congregational
Churches, in session at Grand Rapids, Michigan, October 21-
29, 1919, most heartily- endorses the work which our New
England Congregational Churches have maintained for many
years for seamen through the Boston Seaman's Friend So-
ciety", and urges the churches of our order so to increase
their gifts to this sole Congregational agency for merchant
sailors and Navy men as to enable the Society adequately to
meet the increased moral and financial responsibilities which
the war has brought, and also to make it possible to extend
the Society's effort to other needy points.

On recommendation of the Business Committee,

Resolved: That this Council rejoices that under the favor
of God the Anti-Saloon League of America, backed by the
churches and the allied temperance organizations, has led to
success the conflict for national prohibition, and we hereby
approve the formation of the World League against alcohol-
ism. We recommend that our churches co-operate in this
missionary plan to extend the blessings of prohibition to the
other nations of the world.

The Moderator nominated the following members of the
Nominating Committee to serve for four years and they were
elected :

Rev. E. D. Eaton, District of Columbia.
President J. A. Blaisdell, California.
Rev. F. W. Merrick, Massachusetts.
Mr. Frank Kimball, Illinois.

On recommendation of the Nominating Committee the fol-
lowing were elected :

Members of the Commission on Missions (P. 5).

Commission to Confer with a Commission of the Protestant
Episcopal General Convention (P. 7).

Commission on Theological Seminaries (P. 8).

50 MINUTES

Members of the Quadrennial Meeting of the Federal Coun-
cil of the Churches of Christ in America (P. 8).

Delegates to the Interchurch Conference on Organic Unity
(P. 9).

Commission on Comity, Federation, and Unity (P. 7).

Voted: That the naming of the Committee of Fifteen on
Men's "Work be referred to the incoming Nominating Com-
mittee in connection with the Executive Committee.

Voted: That the completion of the list of delegates to the
International Congregational Council be referred to the in-
coming Nominating Committee in connection with the Execu-
tive Committee.

Memorials from the Ministers' Meeting at Chicago and
from the Rockford (Illinois) Association concerning the burial
of the dead were referred to the Business Committee, which
recommended that they be referred to the Social Service Com-
mission for consideration and action.

Report of the Commission on Temperance was presented by
Rev. F. G. Smith of Nebraska (P. 259).

Voted: That the Executive Committee be authorized to re-
view and complete the Minutes.

Carl Stackman,

Scribe.

Henry Churchill King, Moderator,
Hubert C. Herring, Secretary.

MEMBERS OF THE COUNCIL

Rev. Hubert C. Herring, Secretary.
Rev. John J, Walker, Treasurer (absent).

DELEGATES

BY CONFERENCES AND ASSOCIATIONS

(Numerals in parentheses indicate the number of delegates to
which the electing body is entitled. Superior numerals fol-
lowing names indicate expiration of term.)

Alabama
Congregational Association (1), Pres. F. A. Sumner ^^-^.
District Associations:
First (1), Rev. J. P. O'Brien ^^^K
Second (1), Rev. J. C. Olden ^^as.
Third (1), Rev. H. M. Kingsley ^^^i.

General Congregational Conference (1).
District Associations:

Bear Creek (1), Rev. C. P. Lunsford ^^^i (absent).
Clanton (1), Rev. James M. Graham ^^^i (absent).
Christiana (1).

Echo (1), Rev. E. W. Butler i^^i (absent).
Fairhope (1), Miss Helen C. Jenkins ^^~^.
Tallapoosa (1), Rev. Charles T. Rogers ^^21.
Tallassee (1).
Troy- Rose Hill (1).

Arizona
Congregational Conference (2), Mr. J. L. Felton ^^^i
(absent); Mr. J. W. Estill ^^^i (absent).

California
Northern Congregational Conference (2), Rev. H. H.
Kelsey ^^^i; Rev. S. C. Patterson '^^\

52 DELEGATES

District Associations:

Bay (4), Miss Henrietta Brewer ^^si; Rev. John Kimball i^^i.
Rev. C. P. Martin 1921 (absent); Rev. C. D. Milliken i^^s
(Sub. Rev. Chas. Leon Mears).

Central (1), Rev. J. J. Kelly i^^i (absent).

German (1), Rev. Cornelius Richert ^^-^ (absent).

Humboldt (1).

Sacramento Valley (1), Rev. Harvey V. Miller ^^^^.

San Joaquin Valley (1), Rev. Thomas T. Giffen ^^-^

Santa Clara (1), Rev. Bryant C. Preston ^^^i (Sub. Rev.
W. Willard).

Sonoma (1).

Upper Bay (1), Rev. Arthur B. Roberts ^^^i (gub. Rev.
H. A. Shearer).

Southern Congregational Conference (2), Pres. James A.
Blaisdell ^^^i; Rev. Carl S. Patton ''^\

District Associations:

Kern (1), Rev. Edgar R. Fuller '''~K

Los Arigeles (6), Miss Sarah E. Bundy i^^i; Mr. A. J.
Crookshank 1923. Rgy. Ernest E. Day ^^^s. Rg^^ George F.
Kenngott ^^^s (g^b. Mrs. T. B. Hicks); Mr. Dell A. Schweit-
zer 1921; Mr. Fred M. Wilcox i^^i (gyb. Mrs. H. L. Hoyt).

San Bernardino (2), Rev. George Laughton 1^23 . Rgy. John B.
Toomay '^'-\

San Diego (2), Mr. George W. Marston 1923 (g^b. Rev.
George R. Lockwood) ; Rev. Willard B. Thorp i^^i (gub. Rev.
W. H. Hannaford).

Colorado
Congregational Confi^rence (1), Rev. Monroe Markley ^^-^.

District Associations:

Arkansas Valley (2), Rev. Frank W. Hulhnger i92i. Rev.
J. Arthur Jeffers ^^^s (g^b. Mrs. Josephine Gile.)

Denver (4), Rev. Ralph V. Hinkle ^921 (gub. Rev. Isaac
Cassel); Rev. W. S. Rudolph i^^s. Mr. William E. Sweet ^^^s.
Rev. John Van Dermeulen 1921 (gub. Rev. James F. Walker).

Eastern (1), Rev. Adna W. Moore ^^^i (gub. Mr. Wm. E.
Dudley).

DELEGATES 53

German (3), Rev. John Hoelzer ^^-^ (absent).
Northwestern (1), Rev. Wm. J. Minchin ^^-^
Western (2), Rev. Henry M. McDowell '^^i; Rev. J. M.
Trompen i^^i.

Connecticut

General Conference (7), Rev. Charles F. Carter i^-^; Rev.
William F. Enghsh i^^s (g^b Rev. Orville A. Petty) ;
Prof. A. L. Gillette ^^23; Rev. Oscar E. Maurer i^^i; Hon.
John H. Perry i^-s. jyir. John G. Talcott ^^^i; Prof.
Luther A. Weigle ^^^s.

District Associations:

Central (1), Rev. George L. Clark i^^i.

Fairfield County (5), Rev. Gerald H. Beard ^^^i; Rgy.
Herbert S. Brown ^^^s. Rev. John Maurice Deyo ^^'^^; Rev.
Watson L. Philhps i^^s. Rev. Alfred G. W^alton i^^s

Farmington Valley (2), Rev. Spencer E. Evans ^^"^; Hon.
Alexander T. Pattison "23.

Hartford (2), Mr. George A. Conant '^'^■, Rev. Thomas M.
Hodgdon ^^^\

Hartford East (1), Rev. Charles E. Hesselgrave "^i.

Litchfield Northeast (1), Rev. S. T. Clifton "23.

Litchfield Northwest (1), Rev. John Barstow "23.

Litchfield South (2), Rev. Luther G. Coburn ^^-^■, Rev.
J. L. R. Wyckoff "21.

Middlesex (3), Mr. Edward W. Hazen 1^23^ Rev. E. E.
Lewis 1921; Rev. Wilham F. White 1^23,

Naugatuck Valley (2), Rev. Grove F. Ekins '''-'; Mr. E. C.
Root 1923.

New Haven East (1), Rev. Theodore B. Lathrop "23.

New Haven West (3), Rev. Roy M. Houghton i92i; Rev.
Harry R. Miles 1923. jyCr. C. E. P. Sanford 1923.

New London (3), Rev. J. Romeyn Danforth 1^23 . Rgv.
Oren D. Fisher i92i; Hon. Edwin W. Higgins ''^\

Tolland (2), Rev. John W. Ballantine 1^21 (Sub. Rev.
Robert A. Hume); (Sub. Rev. Arthur B. Patten).

Wi7idham (3), (Sub. Mr. Charles D. Sherman);

Mr. H. C. Lathrop 1^21 (Sub. Rev. Harris E. Starr) ; Rev.
W. B. Williams 1^23.

54 delegates

Florida

General Congregational Conference (1), (Sub.

Rev. Chas. H. Pettibone).

District Associations:

East Coast (1) (Sub. Rev. H. G. Fithian).

South (1), — (Sub. Rev. Chas. E. Enlow).

Southeast Coast (1), Rev. George B. Spalding ^^^i (absent).
West (1), Rev. George B. Waldron ^^^i (absent).

Georgia
Congregational Conference (1).

District Associations:

Middle (2), Rev. J. F. Blackburn ^''~'; Pres. Frank E.
Jenkins ^^^s (absent).

North (3), Rev. Dwight S. Bayley ^^^s (absent); Rev.
George R. Merrill ^^^s. Rev. Charles N. Queen 1^23 (absent).

South (2), Rev. A. P. Spillers i^^i (absent).

General Congregational Convention (3), Rev. Charles
Wesley Burton 1921 ; Rev. C. S. Ledbetter i^^s. Rgv. H. H.
Proctor 1921.

District Associations:

Atlanta (1), Rev. G. J. Thomas '^^K

Southeastern (1), Rev. W. L. Cash '^^K

Hawaii

Hawaiian Evangelical Association (1), Rev. Akaibo
Akana ^^23 (absent).

District Associations: •

Hawaii (3), Mr. W. R. Castle ''^^■, Mrs. W. R. Castle ''^\

Kuai (2), Mr. Theodore Richards 1923. -^j.^^ Theodore
Richards 1^23.

Maui (3), Mrs. J. P. Cooke 1^23 (absent) ; Rev. L. B. Kau-
meheiwa ^^23 (absent).

Oahu (2), Miss Beatrice Castle ^^23^ Rev. Doremus Scud-
der 1323,

delegates 55

Idaho

Conference (4), Rev. W. H. Ashley ^^^s. j^^v. C. H.
Cleaves 1^2^ (absent); Rev. Henry Hoersch ^^^s. pjey.
Charles E. Mason i^^i (absent).

Illinois

Congregational Conference (6), Mr. C. B. Chapman ^^^i-
(Sub. Rev. Frank F. Lewis); Rev. R. S. Haney ^^^i; Mr.
John W. Piatt ^^^s (Sub. Rev. Von Ogden Vogt) ; Rev.
John P. Sanderson 1^23 . ^r. E. H. Scott ^^^i; Rev. Walter
Spooner 1^23.

District Associations:

Aurora (2), Rev. Frank G. Beardsley 1^23. Rev. N. E.
Sinninger ^^^^.

Bureau (2), Rev. WiUiam M. Britt ^^^^•, Mr. H. H. Morse ^^^i.

Ce7itral (1), Rev. J. Scott Carr ''^\

Central East (2), Rev. Frank L. Breen i^^i. Pj-of. ira O-
Baker 1^23.

Central West (3), Rev. C. W. Hiatt ^^^s. r^^, Thomas
McClelland ^^^i; Rev. J. C. Myers ^^^i (Sub. Rev. W. S.
Bugbey) .

Chicago (11), Rev. Wmiam E. Barton i^^a. jvir. >l j.
Carpenter 1921 (g^b. Mr. E. A. Osbornson); Pres. Ozora S.
Davis 1923. Hon. George A. DuPuy 1921 (Sub. Rev. John R.
Nichols); Mr. Marquis Eaton i92i (Sub. Rev. Clarence T.
Brown); Rev. R. W. Gammon 1923. Rev. John Gardner i92i;
Mr. George M. Herrick i»2i (g^b. Rev. Ernest Bourner Allen);
Mr. Frank Kimball i«23. Rev. C. A. Osborne 1^23. Rev. J.
Morriston Thomas ^^23

Elgin (2), Rev. J. G. Brooks 1921 ; Mr. Nicholas L. John-
son 1921.

Fox River (2), Rev. W. C. Barber i^si; Rev. Carl Stack-
man 1921.

German (1); Rev. F. G. Mertins 1921.
Quincy (1), Rev. Milton J. Norton 1921.
Kockford (2), Hon. W. W. 'Bennett 1921 (Sub. Rev. John
Gordon); Rev. Luke Stuart 1923.

Rock River (1), Rev. Percy C. Ladd i92i.

56 DELEGATES

Southern (2), Rev. George T. McCollum i^^s. j^g^ p l W.
Meske ^^^i.

Springfield (2), Rev. Frank H. Fox i^^i; Mr. W.F.Hardy 1^23,

Indiana
Congregational Conference (1), Rev. Arthur J. Folsom ^^^s
(absent) .
District Associations:

Central (2), Mr. Timothy Harrison i^^i; Mrs. George A.
Southall 1321.

Fort Wayne (1), Mr. R. E. Willis ^^^s.

Michigan City (1), Rev. Charles E. C. Trueblood ^^si.

Iowa
Congregational Conference (4), Rev. B. F. Martin ^^21.
Rev. H. F. Milligan i^^i; Rev. Albert R. Rice ^^^i; Prof.
W. H. Stevenson '^'-K
District Associations:

Council Bluffs (3), Rev. A. L. Eddy '^^'■, Rev. James M.
Evans i^^i; Pres. N. W. Wehrhan '^^K

.Davenport (2), Rev. H. E. Harned ^^^i; Rev. Ira J. Hous-
ton 1923_

Denmark (3), Rev. P. Adelstein Johnson ^^^ij Rev. Naboth
Osborne ^^^s. j^ev. WilHam G. Ramsay ^^^i (Sub. Rev. A. S.
Kilburne) ,

Des Moinee (3), Rev. J. P. Burling 1^21 ^ Rev. H. K. Haw-
ley 1923. Rev. J. E. Kirbye 1^23 (Sub, Rev. H. L. Wissler).

German (1) Rev. Herman Schwab ^^23 (Sub. Rev. J. T.
Walker).

Grinnell (3), Rev. E. W. Cross 1923. p^of. Charles Noble 1^23 .
Rev. George C. Wilhams 1^21 (Sub. J. G. Graham).

Mitchell (3), Rev. F. H. Anderson '^^^; Rev. Edwin Booth,
Jr. 1921. Rev. W. L. Dibble 1921 (Sub. Rev. H. H. Pitman).

Northeastern (4), Rev. C. E. Cushman 1923. Rev. A. R.
Cutler 1921 ; Judge George Dunham 1921 (Sub. Mr. W. J. Deering) ;
Hon. Roger Leavitt 1921.

Sioux (5), Mr. Martin Ausland i923 (Sub. Mr. E. M. Whit-
ing); Rev. J. E. Brereton 1921; Rev. J. E. Holden 1921; Mr.
F. A. McCornack 1921 ; Mrs. Helen Whiting i923.

DELEGATES 57

Webster City (3), Rev. Arthur Metcalf ^^^i. Rev. W. A.
Minty '''-'; Rev. H. 0. Spelman '^^K

Welsh (1), (Sub. Rev. C. W. Bast).

Kansas
Congregational Conference (2), Rev. Fred Grey ^^-^; Mr.
H. H. Welty ^^^i (absent).

District Associations:

Arkarisas Valley (2), Mr. E. R. Moses i^^i (Sub. Pres. W. H.
Rollins) ; Rev. George Gordon Ross ^^^^

Central (4), Rev. Marion Baker i^^i; Rgy. D. 0. Coe ^^^s.
Rev. Alfred E. Gregory i^^s. Rev. Charles M. Sheldon i^^i
(absent).

Easter?! (2), Mr. William C. Allen ^^^u Rev. Ross Sander-
son 1923 (Sub. Rev. C. C. Merger).

Northern (1), Rev. William Madison Elledge ^^-^.

Northwestern (2), Rev. T. B. Smith 1^23^

Southern (2), Rev. John E. McClain ^^^i (Sub. Rev. Hubert
C. Herring, Jr.) ; Rev. John H. J. Rice ^^^i (Sub. Mr. E. V.
Johnston) .

Wichita (2), Mr. H. W. Darling 1^23. Rgy. Clayton B.
Wells 1321.

Kentucky
State Conference (2), Rev. J. Madison Trosper i^^i (ab-
sent) ; Rev. Neil McQuarrie i^^s.

Louisiana
Congregational Conference (1), Mr. Edward H. Phil-
lips 1923_

District Associations:
Iberia (1), Rev. Alfred Lawless, Jr. ^^-^.
New Orleans (1), Rev. H. H. Dunn 1^23.
Thibodaux (1), Rev. Leroy Coxon 1^23 (Sub. Rev. Sam'l
Laviscount).

Congregational Convention (1), Rev. Thomas A. Ed-
wards 1921 (absent).

District Associations: ^

North (1).
Southwest (1), Rev. W. L. Holley 1921.

58 delegates

Maine
CoNGKEGATioNAL CONFERENCE (2), Mr. George B, Bates ^^^i
(Sub. Mrs. J. R. Libby) ; Rev. Charles Harbutt '^^\

District Associations:

Aroostook (2), Rev. W. I. Bull '''-'; Rev. James C. Greg-
ory ^^"^.

Cumberland (3), Rev. W. J. Campbell ^^^s. Rev. L. H.
Hallock 1921 J Mrs. Ida Vose Woodbury i^^i.

Cumberland North (2), Rev. T. E. Ashby "^i; Mr. Horace C.
Day 1923 (Sub. Mrs. L. H. Hallock).

Franklin (1), Mr. Willard S. Bass ^^^i.

Hancock (2), Mr. Benjamin B. Whitcomb ^923 (absent);
Rev. A. M. McDonald ^^^i.

Kennebec (2), Rev. Charles F. Robinson 1^23 (absent);
Rev. Harold C. LeMay ^^^i.

Lincoln (2), Rev. Edwin D. Hardin 1^23 . Col. E. C. Plum-
mer ^^si (absent).

Oxford (1), Rev. C. Wellington Rogers 1923 (g^b. Miss Edith
Scamman).

Peiiobscot (2), Prof. Calvin M. Clark i^^s. j^g^, e. M.
Cousins 1921,

Piscataquis (1).

Somerset (1), Miss Hannah R. Page i923_

Union (1), Mr. W. M. Staples 1923 (absent).

Waldo (1), Mr. James H. Duncan 1923 (absent).

Washington (2), (Sub. Rev. G. W. Judson).

York (2), Rev. Paris E. Miller 1923. yIqy. Harry Trust i923.

Massachusetts

Congregational Conference (14), Rev. Arthur W. Acker-
man 1921. Rev. Edward C. Camp i92i (Sub. Rev. M. A.
Farren); Rev. George E. Gary i923; Mr. U. Waldo Cut-
ler 1921 (Sub. Rev. A. S. Beale); Mr. Frederick Fosdick 1921, •
(Sub. Rev. A. W. Stone) ; Rev. Burton S. Gilman 1923
(Sub. Rev. Arthur J. Covell); Rev. John A. Hawley i923;
Mr. Charles L. Hibbard 1923 (Sub. Mr. A. G. Brewer);
Prof. EHza Kendrick i923; Rev. Paul G. Macy 1921 ; Rev.
Francis J. Marsh i923 (Sub. Rev. Henry L. Bailey) ; Mr.
John H. Temple i923; Mr. Thomas Weston, Jr. i92i (ab-

DELEGATES

sent); Pres. Mary E. Wooley ^^^i (gub. Miss Anne S.
Young).

District Associations:

Andover (3), Rev. J. L. Keedy ^^^i; Rev. Herbert G.
Mank '^-^; Mr. William Shaw '^'^K

Barnstable (2), Rev. Sarah A. Dixon ^^^s. Rev. Jack
Hyde ^^^i (Sub. Rev. F. B. Noyes).

Berkshire North (2), Rev. Wilham M. Crane ^^^i; Rev.
Payson E. Pierce ^^-^.

Berkshire South (2), Rev. W. W. Curtis i^^s- Rev. D. M.
Pratt 1^21.

Brookfield (2), Rev. Harry L. Brickett ^^^i; Mr. A. C.
Stoddard ^^^i (absent).

Essex North (2), Mr. Joseph N. Dummer ^^^i (S^b. Rev.
W. H. Nugent) ; Rev. David Pike '''-\

Essex South (4), Mr. Walter K. Bigelow ^^^s. Rev. LesUe C.
Greeley ^^^i; Rev. Frank W. Merrick ^^^s. Rev. Watson Wood-
ruff 1921 (absent).

Franklin (3), Rev. John J. Lockett ^^-^ Mr. Ambert G.
Moody 1923. Rev. A. P. Pratt "-i.

Hampden (5), Rev. Wilham N. DeBerry 1^23 . Rev. Reuben
J. Goddard ^^si; Mr. J. Stuart Kirkham ^^^i; Rev. Edwin B.
Robinson ^^^i (Sub. Rev. Phihp S. Moxom); Mr. Trenor P.
Tilley '^-^ (Sub. Rev. Arthur W. Bailey).

Hampshire (2), Rev. Ralph A. Christie ^^-^; Rev. Richard
H. Clapp 1921.

Hampshire East (2), (Sub. Rev. Henry M. Bow-
den) ; Rev. J. G. Nichols i^^i (Sub. Rev. Howard A. Bridg-
man).

Mendon (1), Rev. Allen E. Cross '''-\

Middlesex South (2), Mr. Henry H. Austin i^^s. d^, Edward
H. Bigelow 1921.

Middlesex Union (2), Rev. G. Ernest Merriam i92i; Rev.
George A. Tewksbury 1923,

Norfolk (4), Rev. Harry Grimes i923. Rev. Claude
McKay i92i; Mr. A. A. Phelps 1921 (Sub. Rev. Frank M.
Sheldon); Mr. Herbert B. Tucker 1921.

Old Colony (2), Mr. Lemuel Le B. Dexter 1923 (Sub. Rev.
Frederic H. Von der Sump); Rev. John D. Waldron 1921.

.Pilgrim (1), Rev. J. Caleb Justice i923.

60 DELEGATES

Suffolk North (3), Rev. Israel Ainsworth 1^23 . j^gy^ j^ay-
mond Calkins ^^si; Mr. Arthur C. Stone ^^^i.

Suffolk South (3), Mr. Arthur J. Crockett ^^^s. i^ev. E. D.
Gaylord ^^^ij Rgv. George W. Owen i^^i.

>S«//o^fc l^esi (3), Rev. Ernest G. Guthrie i^ai; Rev. Edward
M. Noyes i^^i (Sub. Rev. Wm. W. Leete) ; Rev. A. H.
Wheelock i^^i.

Taunton (2), Rev. T. S. Devitt ^^^S; Mr. Chnton V. S.
Remington ^^^K

Wohurn (2), Rev. Stephen A. Norton i^^i (Sub. Rev. John
O. Paisley) ; Mr. Frankhn P. Shumway ^^^s (gub. Rev. Geo. H.
Gutterson).

Worcester Ceritral (3), Rev. John L. Findley '^-^ (Sub. Rev.
F. T. Rouse); Rev. Robt. MacDonakP^^s. Mr. John A.
Sherman ^^^i (gub. Mr. Henry Brannon).

Worcester North (2).

Worcester South (2), Rev. Herman P. Fisher ^^^ij Rgv. Wil-
ham H. Watson ^^^K

Michigan

Congregational Conference (4), Rev. St. Clair Parsons ^^"
(absent); Rev. M. J. Sweet ^^^s. Rev. J. W. Suther-
land 1921.

District Associations:

Cheboygan (2), Mr. A. F. Bridge ^^-'i; Rev. Frank Jones ^^^K

Detroit (2), Mr. Clarence J. Chandler i^^ij Rev. Chester B.
Emerson ^^^s.

Eastern (2), Rev. Matt Mullen i^^s. Rev. W. S. Steensma ''^K

Genesee (2), Rev. B. G. Mattson 1923. j)r. J. W. Sooy 1^21
(Sub. Rev. R. C. Hufstader).

Gladstone (1).

Grand Rapids (4), Mr. Carlton Austin "23. Mr. J. S.
Knee ''^'■, Rev. Herbert McConnell 1^23 . Rev. Charles W.
Merriam 1^21.

Grand Traverse (2), Rev. Demas Cochhn ^^~^; Mr. A. F.
Hess 1923.

Jackson (2), Mr. E. W. Crafts 1921 ; Rev. Bastian Smits 1^23.

Kalamazoo (3), Rev. WilHam H. Fuller 1923. Rev. Samuel E.
Kelley '^^'; Rev. Wilmot E. Stevens 1921.

DELEGATES 61

Lake Su-perior (1), Rev. W. A. Hutchinson ^^^i^

Lansing (4), Rev. E. W. Bishop i^^k Mr. J. W. S. Pier-
son 1921; Mr. Lorenzo Webber i^^i (absent); Rev. T. H. Wil-
son 19-1 (absent).

Muskegon (1), Rev. Henry W. Rogers i^^s^

North Central (1), Rev. H. A. Putnam i^^s.

Saginaw (1), Rev. D. C. McNair "23.

Southern (2), Rev. Harold W. Moody i^^i; Miss C. A.
Turrell i^-^.

S. S. Marie (1), Mr. W. R. Gilbert i^^i (absent).

Minnesota
General Congregational Conference (2), Rev. H. P.
Dewey i92i; Rev. Everett Lesher ^^^K

District Associations:

Central (2), Rev. A. J. Moncal i92i (Sub. Rev. W. K. Wil-
liams) ; Rev. Albert D. Stauffacher "23.

Dnhith (2), Rev. F. Errington "21; Rev. Charles N
Thorp "21.

Mankato (2), Mr. A. W. Fagerstrom "23; Rev. Winiam E.
Griffith "21.

Minneapolis (4), Judge W. W. Bardwell "21 (absent); Rev.
W. L. Bunger "23; Mr. J. M. McBride "23; Rev. Perry A.
Sharpe "21.

Minnesota Valley (2), Rev. F. H. Richardson "23 (Sub.
Rev. E. W. Benedict); Mr. A. Stone "21 (absent).

Northern Pacific (4), Rev. E. A. Allin "21 ; Mr. W. G.
Hammott "2^ (Sub. Mr. A. P. Stacy) ; Mrs. E. A. Mills "21
(Sub. Rev. A. S. Henderson) ; Rev. A. K. Voss "23.

Rainy River (1), Rev. William W. Dale "23.

St. Paul (2), Rev. Harry Blunt "23; Mr. Charles J. Hunt "2^.

Southeastern (2), Rev. W. E. Dudley "21 ; Mr. H. J.
Jager "21.

Western (1) Rev. John J. Bayne "21 (Sub. Rev. R. O.
Barnes) .

Mississippi
Congregational Conference (2), Rev. W. A. Bender "23;
Rev. S. 0. B. Johnson "21.

62 delegates

Missouri
Congregational Conference (1), Rev. S. H. Woodrow ^^^s

District Associations:

Kansas City (1), Rev. Morris H. Turk ^^ss,

Kidder (1), Rev. Robert Porter ''^\

Springfield (2), Rev. James Hyslop 1^21; Mr. J. R. Wood-
fel 1^23 (Sub. Pres. T. W. Nadel).

St. Louis (2), Rev. J. H. George 1^23 (g^b. Mr. H. M.
Pfiager) ; Rev. 0. Lloyd Morris ^^^s (gub. Rev. Alfred R.
Atwood).

Montana
Congregational Conference (1), Rev. Walter H. North ^"-^
(Sub. Mr. Columbus C. Fuller).

District Associations:

German (1), Rev. J. E. Schatz '^^\

Great Falls (1).

Northeastern (2), Rev. Rowland H. Evans ^^'^; Rev. Frank
Henry ^^^^

Southeastern (2), Mrs. F. W. Arnold 1^23 (absent); Rev.
R. B. Walker ^^^i (absent).

Yellowstone (2), Rev. Gregory J. Powell ^^^i; Rev. I. L.
Cory 1921.

Western (1).

Nebraska
Congregational Conference (2), Rev. S. I. Hanford ^^^^;
Rev. Frank G. Smith ^^^i.

District Associations:

Blue Valley (2), Rev. Willet D. King ''''; Mr. Charles C.
Smith 1921 (Sub. Pres. John W. Bennett).

Columbus (1), Rev. J. H. Kraemer ^^^\

Elkhorn Valley (3), Rev. J. H. Andress 1^23 (absent); Rev.
J. J. Klopp 1921 (Sub. Rev. Chas. G. Murphy); Rev. A. B.
Roberts i92i (absent).

Frontier (1), Mr. W. H. Edwards i92i.

German (2).

Lincoln (2), Rev. M. A. Bullock 1^21 (Sub. Rev. John A.
Holmes) ; Mrs. E. L. Hinman 1923^

DELEGATES 63

Loup Valley (2), Rev. T. Arthur Dungan ^^^i.

Northurstern (1), Rev. Walter C. Rundin i92i (gub. Rev.
Wm. N. Bolt).

Omaha (2), Rev. G. R. Birch i^^s. Rg^. 0. 0. Smith '^^i.

Republican Valley (2), Rev. George W. Mitchell ^^^s.
Rev. J. L. Read ^^^i (absent).

New Hampshire
General Conference (2), Rev. Herbert A. Jump "^i. j^gy
John L. Shively ^^^i.

Dislrici Associations:

Cheshire (2), Rev. E. H. Newcomb i^^i^ Rgv. Sumner G.
Wood 1923.

Coos and Essex (1), Rev. W. A. Bacon i^^s (g^b. Rev.
Vaughan Dabney).

Grafton-Orange (2), Rev. F. G. Chutter i^^i (absent); Rev.
Donald Fraser ^^^i (gub. Mrs. Fraser Metzger).

Hillshoro (3), Rev. Laurence L. Barber i^-^; Rev. Warren
L. Noyes ^^ss. Rev. John W. Wright ^^^i.

Merrimack (4), Rev. Edwin J. Aiken i^^s (g^b. Mrs. Lina W.
Newcomb); Rev. Melvin J. Allen "^i. -^i^, Frank L. Ger-
rish 1923 (absent) ; Rev. Edward R. Stearns ^^^\

Rockingham (3), Mr. Willis E. Lougee ^921; Mr. R. Clyde
Margeson 1^23 . j^ev. Lucius H. Thayer ^^si.

Strafford (2), Rev. Robert Wood Coe ^'^'; Rev. F. A. Wood-
worth 1921.

Sullivan (1), Rev. O. W. Peterson 1923.

New Jersey

Congregational Conference (1), Rev. Clarence Hall
Wilson 1923.

District Associations:

Northern (5), Mr. Arthur J. Lockwood "21; Rev. William H.
Longsworth i923; Rev. Charles S. Mills 1921 ; Mr. Seymour N.
Sears 1923 ; Dr. John M. Whiton 1921 (absent).

Washington (2), Rev. Walter A. Morgan i923; Rev. M. S.
Poulson 1921.

64 delegates

New Mexico
Congregational Conference (2), Rev. Dwight J. Brad-
ley 1921; Rev. J. H. Heald i^".

New York

Congregational Conference (6), Rev. John Lewis
Clark 1921. Mr. William H. Crosby i^^i (absent); Rev.
George D. Egbert ^^^s (s^b. Rev. Albert E. Roraback) ;
Rev. Nathan • E. Fuller ^^^^i (absent) ; Mr. Wilham H.
Race 1323 (absent); Prof. W. W. Rockwell '^^\

District Associations:

Black River and St. Lawrence (2), Rev. John B. Davies ^^^i
(absent); Rev. H. M. Shaw ^^^s (absent).

Central (4), Rev. Edmund A. Burnham i^^i. Mr. F. J.
Doubleday ^^^s. Rgy. Charles Olmstead ^^^s (absent); Hon,
Giles H. Stillwell i92i (absent).

Essex (1).

Hudson River (2), Rev. Augustine P. Man well ^^^s. Rev.
Mailler 0. Van Keuren i^ai.

New York City (6), Rev. J. P. Huget ''''; Rev. C. E.
Jefferson i923. Rev. W. H. Kephart ^^^i; Mrs. J. J. Pearsall i^^s.
Dr. Edward W. Peet ^^^i; Mr. Edwin G. Warner '^^\

Oneida, Chenango and Delaware (3), Rev. George R. Fos-
ter 1923. Rev. J. Herbert MacConnell i923. Rev. Charles S.
Wyckoff 1923^

Suffolk (1), Rev. Wells H. Fitch '-^'-K

Susquehanna (2), Rev. James F. Halhday 1^23 . Rev. B.
Frank Tobey 1921 (absent).

Washi7igton and Rutland (Vt.) Welsh (1).

Welsh (1), Rev. Joseph Evans 1923 (absent).

Western (6), Rev. Motier C. Bullock '^-^; Rev. Morgan
Millar 1923. Rev. Kingsley F. Norris 1923. Mr. Maurice E.
Preisch 1923. Rev. Livingston L. Taylor 1923. r^v. D. J. Tor-
rens i92i (absent).

North Carolina
Annual Conference (1), Rev. D. J. Flynn i^zi.
District Associations:
Central (1), Rev. F. W. Sims 1923.

DELEGATES 65

Northern (1).

Southern (1), Rev. Perfect R. DeBerry ^^^\
Western (1), Rev. Henry R. Walden ^^'^\
Conference of Carolinas (2), Rev. William B. Duttera ^^^ij
Mr. W. H. Harvey ^^^s (absent).

North Dakota

Congregational Conference (1), Rev. Edwin H. Stick-
ney ^^^^.

District Associations:

Drake (2), Rev. C. L. Hall ^^^s. j^oy. John DeWitt Leek '^^\

Fargo (2), Rev. R. A. Beard 1923. j^ev. E. C. Ford '^'-K

German (6), Rev. H. J. Dietrich ^^^s. j^^v. J. L. Hirning i923.

Rev. J, Rothenberger ^^-^; (Sub. Rev. James Kirker);

.(Sub. Rev. Geo. E. Stickney); • (Sub. Rev.

Frank Newhall White).

Grand Forks (2) Rev. W. H. Elfring i^^s. j^^y g. B.
Lund 1923.

Jamestown (4), Hon. J. A. Buchanan ^^zs (g^b. Rev. Frank
Atkinson); Rev. E. E. Keedy i^^s. r^v. C. H. Phillips i^^i.
Mrs. C. H. Philhps ^^^i.

Missouri River (3), Rev. A. R. Bosworth ^^-s (Sub. Rev,
Y. S. Savaides); Rev. J. G. Duling i^^s. j^^v. N. Hass ^'^\

Mouse River (4); Rev. S. Hitchcock ^^^s. ;^Xr. E. H. Ken-
ady 1921 (absent); Rev. E. S. Shaw ^^'-'; Rev. A. M. West i923.

Southwestern (1), Rev. J. G. Dickey i923.

Wahpeton (1), Rev. George H. Lewis i92i (Sub. Pres. E. Lee
Howard) .

Ohio
Congregational Conference (5), Mr. Horatio Ford i92i
(Sub. Rev. Dan F. Bradley); Rev. M. S. Freeman i^^^.
Rev. J. G. Hindley i923. Rgv. John Lewis Hoyt i92i.
Rev. Irving Maurer i923_
District Associations:

Central (2), Rev. Byron R. Long '^'-'; Rev. H. H. Russell '^^K
Central North (3); Dr. Ralph R. Barrett '''-'; Rev. Orville
L. Kiplinger ''''; Rev. C. H. Small "^s.

66 DELEGATES

Central Sovth (1), Rev. Morris 0. Evans ^^^i (g^ib. Mr.
L. G. Hopkins).

Cleveland (4), Rev. Clarence E. Doane i^^i; Mrs. M. W.
Mills 1921; Rev. H. L. Torbet ^^^s. ;\Xr. J. B. Whitney '^'-K

Eastern (1).

Grand River (3), Rev. William H. Baker i^-''; Rev. Joseph
A. Goodrich 1921. jjon. W. S. Harris i^^i (Sub. Rev. F. M.
Whitlock).

Marietta (1), Mr. William W. Mills '''-\

Medina (3), Rev. John H. Grant ^^ss. Mj., Thomas Hen-
derson 1923 (Sub. Rev. Nicholas Van der Pyl); Pres. H. C.
King 1921.

Miami (1), Rev. James H. Hutchins i923.

Plymouth Rock (2), Rev. Newton W. Bates i92i; Hon. Carl
R. Kimball i923.

Puritan (3), Rev. J. H. Hull i92i; Rev. H. S. MacA^eal i923
(Sub. Pres. E. S. Parsons); Judge E. W. Stuart i92i (Sub.
Rev. W. F. Bohn).

Toledo (2), Rev. Richard T. Boyd ''^'■, Rev. Albert B.
Eby '921.

Oklahoma
General Conference (1), Pres. H. W. Tuttle ''^\

District Associations:

Colored (1).

Eastern (2), Rev. J. E. Pershing i923 (absent); Rev. H. E.
Swan 1923.

Northwest (2), Rev. \V. H. Hurlbut i92i (absent); Rev.
Samuel Pearson i92i.

Oklahoma (1), Rev. J. H. Peters i923.

Southwestern (1), Mr. A. S. Gray i923 (Sub. Rev. Lewis H.
Keller).

Oregon
Congregational Conference (1), Rev. J. J. Staub i92i (ab-
sent) .

District Associations:

East Willamette (2).

Mid Columbia (1).

Portland (2).

West Willamette (1).

delegates 67

Pennsylvania

Congregational Conference (2), JNIr. C. S. Burwell ^^^^
(absent); Rev. W. M. Randies '''-K

District Associations:

Northwestern (1), Rev. John T. Nichols ^^-^ (absent).

Philadelphia (1), Rev. David Leyshon ^'^s

Pittsburg (1).

Welsh Eastern (2), Rev. J. M^Tdden Jones ^^^^ (absent).

Wyo7ning (2), Mr. John R. Thomas i^^i. Rev. WiUiam R.
Pierce ^^-^

Porto Rico
(No Organization) (2), Rev. Archie G. Axtell ^^^^ (absent);
• Mrs. Archie G. Axtell ^^^i (absent).

Rhode Island
Congregational Conference (5), Rev. Arthur H. Brad-
ford 1923. Rev. Gideon A. Burgess i^^i. Rev. James D.
Dingwell ^^^i; Rev. Edward R. Evans i^^i; jMr. Herbert J.
Wells 1923,

South Carolina
See Nor'Th Carolina — Conference of Carolinas.

South Dakota
Congregational Conference (1), Rev. W. H. Thrall "23

District Associations:

Black Hills (3), Rev. Alan M. FairbankJ^^s. Rey. D. J.
Perrin 1923. Rev. Fred Smith '^^\

Central (3), Rev. Robert Hall '''-'; Rev. W. K. McNier 1923.
Rev. J. D. Whitelaw '^'\

Dakota (2), Mr. James E. High Hawk i^^s (g^^. Rev.
Rodney W. Roundy); Rev. George W. Reed i923_

German (4), Rev. E. A. Fath i^^i. (g^b. Rev. T. J.

Dent); (Sub. Mrs. A. Loomis).

Northern (4), Dr. Elizabeth H. Aver}^ ^^ai. Rgy. Samuel
Johnson 1923. ^r. A. Loomis i^^i; Mr. R. E. Styles ^^^\

Northwestern (1), Rev. H. C. Juell 1921.

68 DELEGATES

South Central (3), Rev. L. E. Camfield ^^^i (Sub. Rev. P. A.
de la Porte) ; Rev. E. W. Lanham i^^i.

Yankton (3), Prof. G. H. Durand ^^^i (Sub. Mrs. R. C.
Styles); Rev. F. V. Stevens ^^^i; Pi-gs. Henry K. Warren ^^^\

Tennessee
Conference (White) (1).

District Associations:

Chattanooga (1), Rev. Chas. H. Myers ^^^^ (absent).
Conference (Colored) (2), Rev. E. G. Harris ^^^^

Texas
Conference (White) (2), Rev. John B. Gonzales ^^^^; Rev.
Hiram B. Harrison ^^^^.

District Associations:

Panhandle (1), Rev. U. Seth Tabor ^^^s (g^b. Rev. A. E.
Ricker).

Texas (1), Maj. Ira H. Evans ^^^s (absent).

Conference (Colored) (1), Rev. Malchiis F. Foust ^^^i^
District Associations:
Corpus Christi (1).
Houston (1), Rev. L. R. Maye ''^\
Paris (1).

Utah
Congregational Association (2), Rev. Peter A. Simp-
kin 1921 (absent).

Vermont
Congregational Conference (2), Mr. Ralph E. Fland-
ers 1923. Rev. Charles C. Merrill '^^\

District Associations:

Addison County (1), Rev. R. Barclay Simmons ^^ai,

Beimington (1), Mr. Philip T. H. Pierson i^^i.

Caledonia Countij (2), Mr. J. E. Tinker 1^21 (absent); Rev.
F. B. Richards ^^^s,

Chittenden County (2), Dr. C. M. Ferrin i^^s. Rgy, -^Yi^^
Millar 1921.

DELEGATES 69

Franklin and Grand Isle (1), (Sub. Rev. C. C.

Adams).

Lamoille (1).

Orange (1), Rev. Fraser Metzger ^^-^

Orleans (2), Mr. Wallace H. Gilpin ^^^a (absent).

Rutland (2), Rev. Walter Thorpe ^^ss. Mr. A. B. Engrem i^^i
(Sub. Rev. W. A. Mclntire).

Union (1), Rev. Henry L. Ballon ^^'^ (absent).

Washington (2), Rev. Frank Blomfield ^^-^; Rev. James B.
Sargent ^^^i.

Windham (2), Rev. John C. Prince ^^^s. Rev. H. P.
Woodin 1921.

K^tnc?sor (2), Rev. Burton A. Lucas ^^-^ (absent); Rev.
Robbins W. Barstow ^^-^ (absent).

Washington
Congregational Conference (2), Rev. H. C. Mason ^^^i
(absent); Pres. G. W. Nash ^^^i (absent).

District Associations:

Columbia River (1), Mr. John A. Schoettler ^^-^

Eastern Wash, and Northern Idaho (6), jNIiss LiUe De
Huff "21. ^Qy 4nios A. Doyle ^^^i (absent); Rev. Thomas H.
Harper i^^s. Rev. W. S. Pritchard ^^^s (absent); Rev. J. W.
Skerry i^si (absent).

Northwestern (3), Rev. Wm. R. Marshall i^^s. Rev. John H.
Matthews ^^^i,

Seattle (4), Rev. L. O. Baird 1^23 . j^jr, Frank I. Curtis 1921 ; Mr.
W. S. Gruger ^^^i; 3,1^3. ^Vi^iam P. Harper i^^s (absent).

Tacoma (2), Rev. Frank Dyer 1^23 . Rev. R. H. Edmonds ^^^a
(absent).
Pacific German (2).

T^aZk TFaZZa (2), Prof. L. F. Anderson i^^i (absent); Mrs.
A. F. Woodward ^^^\

Yakima (1), Rev. H. P. James ^^^i (absent).

Wisconsin
Congregational Association (3), Rev. F. Burdick ^^^ij
Rev. L. C. Talmage ^^^s. Rev. A. Lincoln McClelland ^^^i.

70 DELEGATES

District Associations:

Beloit (3), Rev. H. W. Carter i^^s. j^^^ l G. Reser ^^^i;
Mr. John M. Whitehead '^~K

Eau Claire (3), Rev. B. H. Cheney ^^^s. j^ev. W. H. Sar-
gent 1921; Rev. J. M. Thrush 1^23 (absent).

LaCrosse (2), Mrs. C. C. RowUnson ^^^s (g^b^ ^^^ q q
RowKnson) ; Rev. Jonathan G. Smith ^^^i

Lemonweir (3), Rev. Noel J. Breed ^^^i; Rev. W. M.
EUis 1923; Rev. A. T. Lacey ^^^\

Madison (4), Mrs. Clara Flett 1^23; Rev. L. C. Partch ^^^^;
Rev. J. E. Sarles ''^'■, Mr. E. N. Warner i92i.

Milwaukee (3), Rev. Howell D. Davies 1^23 ; Rgy. Harding
R. Hogan 1921 ; Rgy. Theodore M. Shipherd 1921.

Northeastern (2), Miss May Brown 1^21; Rev. Charles H.
Wicks 1923,

Superior (3), Rev. Reed T. Bayne i^zi (Sub. Rev. F. W.
Heberlein); Pres. J. D. Brownell i92i; Rev. Robt. F. Mer-
ritt 1921.

Welsh (1), Rev. H. A. Miner 1921 (absent).

Winnehago (3), IVIr. Charles L. Hill i923; Rev. P. H.
Ralph 1923; Rev. S. G. Ruegg 1921.

Wyoming

Congregational Conference (1).

D is Irict Assoc ia i io iis:

Central (1), Rev. Annette B. Gray 1921 (Sub. Rev. Frank-
lin J. Estabrook).

Northern (1).

Southern (1).

United States General Conference of German
Churches (2), Rev. Moritz E. Eversz 1923. Rev. H.
Seil 1923.

HONORARY DELEGATES FROM COLLEGES, SEMINARIES,
AND UNIVERSITIES

Beloit College, Prof. A. W. Burr.

Carleton College, Pres. Donald J. Cowling.

Chicago Theological Seminary, Prof. Henry H. Walker.

Colorado College, Pres. C. A. Duniway.

Doane College, Pres. John N. Bennett.

Drury College, Pres. Thos. W. Nadal.

Fairmount College, Pres. Walter H. Rollins.

Fargo College, Pres. E. Lee Howard.

Fisk University, Pres. F. A. McKenzie..

Grinnell College, Pres. J. H. T. Main.

Hartford Theological Seminary, Prof. E. K. Mitchell.

Kingfisher College, Pres. Henry W. Tuttle.

Knox College^ Pres. Jas. L. McConaughy.

Marietta College, Pres. Edward S. Parsons.

Mt. Holyoke College, Miss Anna S. Young.

Northland College, Pres. J. D. Brownell.

Oberlin College, Rev. Wm. F. Bohn.

Pacific School of Religion, Rev. Henr>" H. Kelsey.

Pomona College, Pres. Jas. A. Blaisdell.

Bedfield College, Pres. E. A. Fath.

Straight College, Pres. Howard A. M. Briggs.

Tahor College, Rev. Frank C. Gonzales.

Talladega College, Pres. F. A. Sumner.

Wellesley College, Prof. Elizq, H. Kendrick.

Wheaton College, Pres. Chas. A. Blanchard.

Williams College, Rev. H. P. Dewey.

Yankton College, Pres. H. K. Warren.

HONORARY FOREIGN DELEGATES

Canada, Rev. J. B. Sileox, Toronto.

Canada, Rev. W. G. Milarr, Toronto.

Japan, Danjo Ebina, Tokyo.

Russia, Rev. Joseph Clare, British American Church, Petrograd.

72 DELEGATES

Former Moderators Present

Hon. Thos. C. MacMillan, Rev. Nehemiah Boynton, Rev. Wm.
Horace Daj-, Hon. H. M. Beardsley.

Former Assistant Moderators Present

Hon. J. H. Perry, Rev. Wm. E. Barton, Rev. H. H. Proctor,
Rev. Alfred Lawless, Rev. Harold M. Kingsley.

Council Preacher

Rev. Raj'mond Calkins.

Speakers

Rev. Charles W. Merriam, Rev. Oscar E. Maurer, Prof. Graham
Taj'lor, Rev. A. Penry Evans, Rev. H. H. Proctor, Rev. J. T.
Stocking, Rev. Charles W. Gilkey, Mr. Geo. W. Coleman, Rev.
William Dana Street, Rev. Harry E. Peabody, Mrs.' Franklin H.
Warner, Rev. Frank E. Bigelow, Rev. Frank H. Fox, Rev. Frazer
Metzger, Rev. Orville L. Kiplinger, Rev. M. A. Farren, Rev. Geo.
M. Miller, Rev. Frederick L. Fagley, Mr. Raymond Robins, Rev.
Nicholas Van Der Pyl, Rev. Danjo Ebina, Rev. Carl S. Patton,
Chaplain John T. Axton, Hon. J. A. A. Burnquist, Rev. Raymond
Calkins, Theron G. Yeomans, M. D., Rev. E. W. Bishop, Rev.
Reuben A. Beard, Rev. Herbert A. Jump, Mr. Van A. Wallin, Mr.
Arthur H. Young, Rev. A. A. Stockdale, Rev. Dan F. Bradley,
Rev. M. E. Aubrey, Rev. Doremus Scudder, Rev. Frank Dyer, Hon.
Wayne B. Wheeler, Rev. 0. A. Petty, Rev. Stanley Ross Fisher,
Mr. W. E. Sweet.

DELEGATES WHOSE TERMS EXPIRE 1921

(A numeral 'before a name indicates that in al>sen<ie of primary a
substitute served whose name may be fomid by referring to cor-
responding numeral in list of substitute delegates, page 81.)

Bull, Rev. W. I., Ashland, Me.

'Bullock. Rev. M. A., 549 N. 25tli
St., Lincoln, Neb.

Bundy, Miss Sarah E., 831 S. Hope
St., Los Angeles, Calif.

Burdick, Rev. F., Milton, Wis.

Burgess, Rev. Gideon A., 114 West-
minster St., Providence, R. I.

Burling, Rev. J. P., 524 35th St.,
Des Moines, Iowa.

Burnham, Rev. Edmund A., 101
Madison St., Syracuse, N. Y.

Burton, Rev. Charles Wesley, 117
Jones St., Macon. Ga.

Burwell. Mr. C. S., Meadville, Penn.

Butler, Rev. E. W., Thorsby, Ala.

Ackerman, Rev. Arthur W., Natick,

Mass.
Allen, Rev. Melvin J., Boscawen, N.

H.
Allen, Mr. William C, Tonganoxie,

Kans.
Allin, Rev. E. A., Moorhead, Minn.
Anderson, Rev. F. H., Rockwell, la.
Anderson, Prof. Louis F.. 364 Boyer

Ave., Walla Walla. Wash.
Ashby, Rev. T. E., Brunswick, Me.
Avery. Dr. Elizabeth H., Redfleld,

S. D.
Axtell, Rev. Archie G., P. O. Box

595, Albuquerque, N. Mex.
Axtell, Mrs. Archie G., P. O. Box

595, Albuquerque, N. Mex.

Baker, Rev. Marion, West St., To-

peka. Kan.
iBallantine, Rev. John W., Stafford

Springs, Conn.
Ballou, Rev. Henry L., Chester, Vt.
Barber, Rev. W. C, Granville, 111.
Bardwell, Judge W. W., 4625 Du-

pont Ave. S., Minneapolis, Minn.
Barrett, Dr. Ralph R., 394 Bowman

St., Mansfield, Ohio.
Bass, Mr. Willard S., Wilton, Me.
=Bates, Mr. George B., Calais, Me.
Bates, Rev. Newton W., Burton,

Ohio.
^Bayne, Rev. John J., Marshall,

Minn.
^Bayne, Rev. Reed T.. Superior, Wis.
Beard, Rev. Gerald H., 319 Barnum

Ave., Bridgeport. Conn.
^Bennett, Hon. W. W., 1112 N. Main

St., Rockford, 111.
Bigelow. Dr. Edward H., Framing-
ham Centre, Mass.
Bishop, Rev. E. W., Lansing, Mich.
Blaisdell, Pres. James A.. Pomona

College, Claremont, Calif.
Booth, Jr., Rev. Edwin, Charles

City, la.
Bradley, Rev. Dwight J., El Paso.

Texas.
Breed, Rev. Noel J., Grand Rapids,

Wis.
Breen, Rev. Frank L., Chebanse,

111.
Brereton, Rev. J. E., Emmetsburg,

Iowa.
Brewer, Miss Henrietta. 770 Kings-
ton St., Oakland, Calif.
Brickett, Rev. Harry L., South-
bridge. Mass.
Bridge, Mr. A. F., Charlevoix, Mich.
Brooks, Rev. J. G., 404 West St.,

Wheaton. 111.
Brown, Miss May, Rhinelander,

Wis.
Brownell, Pres. J. D., Northland

College, Ashland, Wis.

Calkins, Rev. Raymond, 19 Myrtle

St., Cambridge, Mass.
''Camfleld, Rev. L. E., Academy, S. D.
8Camp, Rev. Edward C, Watertown,

Mass.
^Carpenter, Mr. M. J., La Grange,

111.
Carter, Rev. Charles F., 40 Kenyon

St., Hartford. Conn.
Chandler, Mr. Clarence J., Detroit,

Mich.
"Chapman. Mr. C. B., Ottawa, 111.
Chutter. Rev. F. G., Lebanon, N. H.
Clapp, Rev. Richard H., 74 Bridge

St.. Northampton, Mass.
Clark. Rev. George L., Wethersfleld,

Conn.
Clark, Rev. John Lewis, 47 Linden

St., Brooklyn. N. Y.
Cochlin. Rev. Demas, 736 Washing-
ton St., Traverse City. Mich.
Coe. Rev. Robert Wood. Dover, N. H.
Corv. Rev. I. L., Hardin, Mont.
Cousins. Rev. E. M., 82 N. Main St.,

Brewer. Me.
Crafts. Mr. E. W., Grass Lake,

Mich.
Crane. Rev. William M., Richmond,

Mass.
Crosbv, Mr. William H., Buffalo,

N. Y.
Curtis, Mr. Frank I.. Seattle. Wash.
Cutler, Rev. A. R., McGregor, Iowa
"Cutler. Mr. U. Waldo, 63 Lancaster

St.. Worcester, Mass.

Davies. Rev. John B., Morristown,

N. Y.
DeHuflf, Miss Lilie, Wallace. Idaho.
Dewey. Rev. H. P.. Plymouth Cong'l

Church, Minneapolis, Minn.
Deyo, Rev. John Maurice, Dan-

burv. Conn.
i^Dibble, Rev. W. L., Mason City,

Iowa.
Dingwell, Rev. James D., Central

Falls, R. I.

DELEGATES WHOSE TERMS EXPIRE 1921

Doauo, Rev. Clarence E., Strongs-

ville, Ohio.
Dudley, Rev. W. E., Winona, Minn.
i^Dunimer, Mr. Joseph N., P.yfleld,
Mass.
Dungan, Rev. T. Arthur, Grand
Island, Neb.
"Dunham, Judge George, Manches-
ter, Iowa.
i^Dupu.v, Hon. George A., Illinois

Central Depot, Chicago, 111.
>8Durand, Prof. G. H., Yankton Col-
lege, Yankton, S. D.
Duttera, Rev. William B., Salisbury,
N. C.

"Eaton, Mr. Marquis, 105 S. La Salle

St., Chicago, 111.
Eby, Rev. Albert B.. Wauseon, Ohio.
Edwards, Mr. W. H., Grant, Neb.
Edwards. Rev. Thomas A., Chat-
ham, La.
Ekins, Rev. Grove F., Middlebury,

Conn.
«Bngren, Mr. A. B., Rutland. Vt.
Errington, Rev. P., Brainerd. Minn.
Estill, Mr. J. W.. Tucson, Ariz.
Evans, Rev. Edward R., 41 Lyon

St., Pawtucket, R. I.
Evans, Rev. James M., 1306 S. 7th

St., Ilai-lan. Iowa.
isEvans, Rev. Morris O., 4009 Floral

Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio.
Evans, Rev. Rowland H., Wagner,

S. D.
Evans, Rev. Spencer E., Terryville,

Conn.

Path. Pres. E. A., Redfleld College,

Redfleld, S. D.
Felton, Mr. J. L., Tempe, Ariz.
Fisher, Rev. Herman P., Westboro,

Mass.
Fisher, Rev. Oren D., North Ston-

Ington. Conn.
Flvnn, Rev. D. J.. 100.3 S. Caldwell

St., Charlotte, N. C.
20For(l. Mr. Horatio, 917 Williamson

Bldg., Cleveland, Ohio.
2iFosdick, Mr. Frederick, Fitchburg,

Mass.
Foust, Rev. Malchus F., Austin,

Texas.
Fox, Rev. Frank H., 436 Eldorado

St., Decatur, 111.
22Fraser, Rev. Donald, Wells River,

Vt.
Fuller. Rev. Nathan E., Syracuse,

N. Y.

Gardner, Rev. John. S Chalmers

Place, Chicago, 111.
Gaylord, Rev. E. D., Dorchester,

Mass.
Giffen, Rev. Thomas T., 1271 Fer-

ger Ave., Fresno. Calif.
Gilbert, Mr. W. R., Brimley, Mich.
Goddard, Rev. Reuben J., 108 Ma-

plewood Ter., Springfield, Mass.
Gonzales, Rev. John P... 4532 Live

Oak St., Dallas, Texas.
Goodrich, Rev. Joseph A., Jefferson,

Ohio.
Graham, Rev. James M., Thorsby,

Ala.
^^Grav, Rev. Annette B., Cheyenne.

Wye.
Greeley, Rev. Leslie C, Marblehead,

Mass.

Griffith, Rev. William E., Waseca,

Minn.
Gruger, Mr. W. S., Seattle, Wash.
Guthrie, Rev. Ernest G., Union

Cong'l Church, Boston, Mass.

Hall, Rev. Robert, Bryant, S. D.

Hallock, Rev. L. H., Thomas St.,
Portland, Me.

Hanev, Rev. R. S., 1437 Twelfth
St.. Moline, 111.

Harned, Rev. H. E., Cedar Rapids,
Iowa.
=^Harris, Hon. W. S., R. F. D., Ge-
neva, Ohio.

Harrison, Mr. Timothy, Mooresville,
Ind.

Henry, Rev. Prank, Great Falls.
Mont.
=5Herrick, Mr. George M., 1905 Har-
ris Trust Bldg., Chicago, 111.

Hcsselgrave, Rev. Charles E., cor.
Main & Locust Sts., S. Manches-
ter. Conn.
=«Hinkle. Rev. Ralph V., Baton, Colo.

Hodgdon. Rev. Thomas M., West
Hartford. Conn.

Iloelzer, Rev. John, Windsor, Colo.

Hogan, Rev. Harding R., Racine.
Wis.

Holden, Rev. J. E., Sioux Rapids,
Iowa.

Ilolley, Rev. W. E.. Jennings, La.

Houghton, Rev. Roy M., 575 Whit-
ney Ave., New Haven. Conn.

Hovt, Rev. John Lewis, Huntington,
W. Va.

Hull, Rev. J. H., Kent, Ohio.

Hullinger, Rev. Frank W., 2927 W.
Pike's Peak, Colorado Springs.
Colo.

Hurlbut. Rev. W. H., Medford, Okla.

Hutchinson, Rev. W. A.^. Lake Lin-
den, Mich.
^Hyde, Rev. Jack, Chatham, Mass.

Ilyslop, Rev. James, Lebanon, Mo.

Jager. Mr. H. J., 222 State St.,

Owatonna. Minn.
James, Rev. H. P., 205 N. 7th St.,

N. Yakima, Wash,
Johnson. Mr. Nicholas L., Batavia,

111.
Johnson. Rev. P. Adelstein, Grin-

nell. Iowa.
Johnson, Rev. S. O. B., Meridian,

Miss.
Jones. Rev. J. Myrddin, Mahanoy

City, Penn.
Juell. Rev. H. C, 505 S. State St.,

Aberdeen, S. D.
Jump. Rev. Herbert A., Manchester,

N. H.

Keedv, Rev. J. L., North Andover,

Mass.
Kellev. Rev. Samuel E., Allegan,

Mich.
Kelly, Rev. J. J., Ripon, Calif.
Kelsey, Rev. H. H.. Phelan Bldg.,

San Francisco. Calif.
Kenady. Mr. E. H.. Velva, N. D.
Kephart, Rev. W. H., 415 E. 143d

St., New York City.
Kimball, Rev. John, 2744 Ashby

Ave., Berkeley, Calif.
King. Pres. H. C, Oberlin. Ohio.
Kingsley, Rev. H. M., Talladega.

Ala.

DELEGATES WHOSE TERMS EXPIRE 1921

Kiiilinircr. Kev. Orville L., Mans-
l!"Iil, Ohio.

Kirkhain, Mr. J. Stuart. 107 Maple-
wood Ter., Sprinjifleld, Mass.
^sKlopp, Rev. J. J.. Stanton. Nob.

Knee. Mr. J. S., 1044 Franklin St.,
Grand Rapids, Mich.

Lacey, Rov. A. T., Endeavor, Wis.
Ladd, Rev. Percy C. Moline. 111.
Lanhani. Rev. E. W., Wessinsjton

Springs. S. D.
-n.athroii, .Mr. II. C, Willimantic,

Conn.
Leavitt, Hon. Roger, Cedar Falls,

Iowa.
LeMay, Rev. Harold C, S. Gardiner,

Me.
Lesher, Rev. Everett, 525 Lumber

Exchange, Minneapolis, Minn.

Lewis, Rev. E. E. Haddam, Conn.

^Lewis. Rev. George H., Forman.

N. D.
Lockwood, Mr. Arthur J., Ridge-
wood Ave.. Glen Ridge, N. J.
Lon.g. Rev. Byron R.. 360 W. 7th

St., Columbus. Ohio.
Loomis, Mr. A., Merchants I*.ank,

Redfield. S. D.
Lougee, Mr. Willis E., Candia, N. H.
Lucas, Rev. Burton A., Windsor,

Vt.
Lunsford, Rev. C. P., Hacklehurg,

Ala.

Macy, Rev. Paul G., Roxbury, Mass.
Martin, Rev. B. F., Marshalltown,

Iowa.
Martin, Rev. C. P., San Rafael,
Calif.

Mason, Rev. Charles E., Mountain
Home. Idaho.

Mason, Rev. H. C. 4737 15th Ave.,
N. E., Seattle, Wash.

Matthews. Rev. John H., 5008 16th
Ave., N. E., Seattle. Wash.

Maurer. Rev. Oscar E.. 148 Cold
Spring St., New Haven, Conn.
^McClain, Rev. John E., Indepen-
dence. Kans.

McClelland. Rev. A. Lincoln, Rosen-
dale, Wis.

McClelland, Rev. Thomas, Gales-
burg, 111.

McCornack, Mr. F. A., Sioux City,
Iowa.

McDonald, Rev. A. M., Bar Harbor,
Me.

McDowell, Rev. Henry M., Grand
Junction. Colo.

McKay. Rev. Claude, Brockton,
Mass.

Merriani, Rev. Charles W., 228
Madison Ave., S. E., Grand Rap-
ids, Mich.

Merriam, Rev. G. Ernest, Fitch-
burg, Mass.

Merrill. Rev. Charles C, 83 Brooks
St.. Burlington, Vt.

Merritt, Rev. Robert P., 709 8th
Ave., W. Ashland. Wis.

Mertins. Rev. F. Gustav, 5208 Wi-
nona St.. Chicago. 111.

Meske, Rev. F. L. V., Mound City,
111.

Metcalf, Rev. Arthur, Webster City,
Iowa.

Metzger, Rev. Frasier, Randolph, Vt.

Millar. Rev. William, Essex Junc-
tion, Vt.
Milligau, Rev. H. P., Dubuque,

Iowa.
Mills, Rev. Charles S., 40 S. Ful-

lerton Ave.. Montclair, N. J.

3-Mills, Mrs. E. A., Crookston, Minn.

Mills. Mrs. :M. W., 5111 Fowler

Ave., Cleveland, Ohio.
Mills. Mr. William W., First Nat'l

Bank. Marietta. Ohio.
Minchin, Rev. William J., 1010 17th

Ave., Denver, Colo.
Miner. Rev. H. A., 540 State St.,

Madison, Wis.
:Minty, Rev. W. A., Fort Dodge,

Iowa.
33Moncal, Rev. A. J., R. No. 1, Hold-

ingford, Minn.
Moody, Rev. Harold W., Morenci,

Mich.
2*Moore, Rev. Adna W.. Flagler, Colo.

Morse. :Mr. H. H.. Neponset, 111.
35Moses. Mr. E. R.,, Great Bend,

Kans.
Myers, Rev. Chas. H., Chattanooga,

Tenn.
3SMyers, Rev. J. C, 907 Knoxville

Ave., Peoria, 111.

Nash, Pres. G. W., Bellingham.

Wash.
Newcomb, Rev. Edward H., Keene,
N. H.
s^Nichols, Rev. J. G., South Hadley,

Mass.
3«North, Rev. Walter H., 306 N. 27th
St., Billings. Mont.
Norton, Rev. Milton J., Mendon, 111.
^Norton. Rev. Stephen A., Woburn,

Mass.
^"Noyes, Rev. Edward M., Newton
Centre, Mass.

Owen. Rev. George W.. Hyde Park,
Mass.

Parsons, Rev. St. Clair, Greenville,

Mich.
Partch, Rev. L. C, 751 Lewis St.,

Columbus. Wis.
Pearson, Rev. Samuel, Waynoka,

Okla.
Peet, Dr. Edward W., 144 W. 93d

St.. New York City.
•"Phelps, Mr. A. A., Rockland, Mass.
I'hillips, Rev. C. H., Jamestown,

\. D.
Phillips, Mrs. C. H., Jamestown,

N. D.
Pierson. Mr. J. W. S., Stanton,

Mich.
Pierson, Mr. Philip T. H., Benning-
ton. Vt.
Plummer. Col. E. C, Bath, Maine.
Porter, Rev. Robert, First Cong'l

Church, St. Joseph, Mo.
Poulson, Rev. M. S., 1057 Leckie

St., Portsmouth, Va.
Powell, Rev. Gregory J., Billings,

Mont.
Pratt, Rev. A. P., 65 High St.,

Greenfield, Mass.
Pratt. Rev. D. M., Housatonic,

Mass.
"Preston. Rev. Bryant C, 626 Ever-
ett Ave., Palo Alto, Calif.
Procter, Rev. H. H., Atlanta, Ga.

DELEGATES WHOSE TERMS EXPIRE 1921

<3Ramsay, Rev. William G., Ottumwa,

Iowa.
Read, Rev. J. L., Franklin, Neb.
Remington, Mr. Clinton V. S., Fall

River, Mass.
Reser, Rev. L. G., Fort Atkinson,

Wis.
"Rice, Rev. Albert R., Eldora, Iowa.
Rice, Rev. John H. J., Emporia,

Kans.
Richert, Rev. Cornelius, 254 E. St.,

Fresno, Calif.
Roberts, Rev. A. B., Neligh, Neb.
^Roberts, Rev. Arthur B., Antioch,

Calif. ^ , ^

*6Robinson, Rev. Edwin B., 170 Cabot

St., Holyoke, Mass.
Rogers, Rev. Charles T., Thorsby,

Ala.
Ruegg, Rev. S. G., Menasha. Wis.
«Riiniiin, Rev. Walter C, Mitchell,

Nob.
Russell, Rev. H. H., Westerville,

Ohio.

Sargent, Rev. James B., 61 Central

St., Northfield, Vt.
Sargent, Rev. W. H., Owen, Wis.
Schatz, Rev. J. E., Laurel, Mont.
Schoettler, Mr. John A., 918 N.

Pine St., Tacoma, Wash.
Schweitzer, Mr. Dell A.. 1800 S.

Bronson St., Los Angeles, Calif.
Scott, Mr. E. H., 4338 Oakenwold

Ave., Chicago, 111.
Sharpe. Rev. Perry A., 5th Ave.

Cong'l Church, Minneapolis, Minn.
Shaw, Rev. E. S., Minot, N. D.
Shaw, Mr. William, Ballard Vale,

Mass.
Sheldon, Rev. Charles M., 1515 W.

15th St., Topeka, Kans.
^Sherman, Mr. John A., 24 Dean St.,

Worcester. Mass.
Shipherd, Rev. Theodore M., 715

Hackett Ave., Milwaukee, Wis.
Shively, Rev. John L., Laconia, N.

H.
Simmons, Rev. R. Barclay, Shore-
ham. Vt.
Simpkin, Rev. Peter A., Box 1699,

Salt Lake City, Utah.
Skerry, Rev. J. W., Tonasket, Wash.
«Sm)th, Mr. Charles C, Exeter, Neb.
Smith, Rev. Frank G.. Omaha, Neb.
Smith, Rev. Fred, Deadwood. S. D.
Smith, Rev. Jonathan G., 115 La

Crosse St., Tonah, Wis.
Smith, Rev. O. O., Fremont, Neb.
60Sooy, Dr. J. W., 322 S. Saginaw

St., Flint, Mich.
Southall, Mrs. George A., Marion,

Ind.
Spalding, Rev. George B., Cocoanut

Grove, Fla.
Spillers, Rev. A. P., Albany, Ga.
Stackman, Rev. Carl, 903 Paul St.,

Ottawa. III.
Staub, Rev. J. J., 963 E. Taylor

St., Portland, Ore.
Steensma, Rev. W. S., 505 Adams

St., St. Clair, Mich.
Stevens, Rev. F. V., Yankton, S. D.
Stevens, Rev. Wilmot E., Constan-

tine, ]Mich.
Stillwell, Hon. Giles H., Syi-acuse,

N. Y.

Stoddard, Mr. A. C, North Brook-
field, Mass.

Stone, Mr. A., Morris, Minn.

Stone, Mr. Arthur C, 80 Tudor St.,
Chelsea, Mass.
6iStuart, Judge E. W., Fir St.,
Akron, Ohio.

Sutherland, Rev. J. W., Lansing,
Mich.

Talcott, Mr. John G., Talcottville,
Conn.

Thayer, Rev. Lucius H., Ports-
mouth, N. H.

Thomas, Rev. G. J., Atlanta, Ga.

Thomas, Mr. John R., Ill N. Main
Ave., Scranton, Penn.

Thorp, Rev. Charles N., 1131 E.
First St., Duluth, Minn.
B2Thorp, Rev. Willard B., 1640
Third St., San Diego, Calif.

Tinker, Mr. J. B., Danville, Vt.

Tobev, Rev. B. Frank, Ithaca, Dan-
by, R. F. D., N. Y.

Torrens, Rev. D. J., B. Bloomfleld,
N. Y.

Trompen, Rev. J. M., Aurora. Colo.

Trosper, Rev. J. Madison, Evarts,
Ky.

Trueblood, Rev. Chas. E. C,
Schrage Bldg., Whiting, Ind.

Tucker, Mr. Herbert B., 819 Can-
ton Ave., Mattapan, Mass.

63Van Dermeulen, Rev. John, 2829
W. 29th Ave., Denver, Colo.
Van Keuren, Rev. Mailler O.. 6 Lin-
den St., Schenectady, N. Y.

Waldron, Rev. George B., 2303
Highland Ave., Tampa, Fla.

Waldron, Rev. John D., Mattapoi-
sett, Mass.

Walker, Rev. R. B., Sidney, Mont.

Warner, Mr. Edwin G., 56 Mont-
gomery Place, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Warner, Mr. E. N., Madison, Wis.

Webber, Mr. Lorenzo, Portland,
Mich.

Wells, Rev. Clayton B.. 1626 Hol-
voke Ave., Wichita, Kans.

Welty, Mr. H. H.. 1242 Western
Ave., Topeka, Kans.

Weston, Jr., Mr. Thomas, 405
Sears Bldg., Boston. Mass.

Wheelock, Rev. A. H., Needham,
IM fl. ss

Whiton', Dr. John M., 287 Fourth
Ave., New York City.
s^Wilcox, Mr. Fred M., La Manda

Park, Calif.
si^Williams, Rev. George C, Newton,
Iowa.

Wilson, Rev. T. H., Olivet, Mich.

Woodbury, Mrs. Ida Vose, 14 Bea-
con St., Boston, Mass.

Woodin, Rev. H. P., Brattleboro,
Vt.

Woodruff, Rev. Watson, 141 Belle-
vue Rd., Lynn, Mass.

Woodworth, Rev. F. A., 32 Pros-
pect St., Somersworth, N. H.
EoWooley, Pres. Mary E., South
Hadley. Mass.

Wright, Rev. John W., Merrimac,
N. H.

Wyckoff, Rev. J. L. R., North Wood-
bury, Conn.

DELEGATES WHOSE TERMS EXPIRE 1923

(A numeral 'before a name indicates that in absence of primary a
suhstitnte served tvhose name map be found by referring to cor-
responding numeral in list of substitute delegates, page 81.)

•"Aiken. Rev. Edwin J.. Concord,

N. H.
Ainsworth, Rev. Israel, Beachmont,

Mass.
Akana. Rev. Akaibo, 531 S. Hotel

St., Honolulu, Hawaii.

Andi-ess, Rev. J. H., Norfolk, Neb.

Arnold, Mrs. F. W., Glendive, Mont.

Ashley, Rev. W. H., Weiser, Idaho.

**Ausland, Mr. Martin, Emmetsburg,

Iowa.
Austin. Mr. Carlton, 90 Scribner

Ave., Grand Rapids, Mich.
Austin, Mr. Henry H., Wellesley,

Mass.

"Bacon, Rev. W. A., Littleton, N. H.

Baird, Rev. L. O., Plymouth Cong'l
Church. Seattle, Wash.

Baker, Prof. Ira O., University of
111., Urbana. 111.

Baker, Rev. William H., Andover,
Ohio.

Barber, Rev. Laurence L., Nashua,
N. H.

Barstow, Rev. John. Norfolk, Conn.

Barstow, Rev. Robbins W., Wood-
stock, Vt.

Barton. Rev. William E.. 106 N.
Kenilworth Ave., Oak Park, 111.

Bavley, Rev. Dwight S., Atlanta,
Ga.

Beard. Rev. R. A.. Fargo, N. D.

Beardsley, Rev. Frank G., 433 Fox
St., Aurora, 111.

Bender, Rev. W. A., Jackson, Miss.

Bigelow, Mr. Walter K., 220 La-
fayette St., Salem, Mass.

Birch. Rev. G. R., Scribner. Neb.

Blackburn, Rev. J. F., 104 S. Gor-
don St., Atlanta, Ga.

Blomfleld. Rev. Frank, R.D. No. 4,
Montpelier, Vt.

Blunt, Rev. Harry, Plymouth Cong'l
Church, St. Paul. Minn.
"Bosworth, Rev. A. R., Beach, N. D.

Bovd, Rev. Richard T., 2304 Cherry
St.. Toledo, Ohio.

Bradford, Rev. Arthur H., 38 Keene
St., Providence, R. I.

Britt, Rev. William M., Wyanet, 111.

Brown, Rev. Herbert S., 2140
Main St., Bridgeport, Conn.
^Buchanan, Hon. J. A., Buchanan,
N. D.

Bullock, Rev. Motier C, Sala-
manca. N. Y.

Bunger, Rev. W. L., 3041 Dupont
Ave., Minneapolis, Minn.

Campbell, Rev. W. J., Emery St.,

Portland. Me.
Carr. Rev. J. Scott, Forrest, 111.
Carter. Rev. H. W., Madison, Wis.
Cary, Rev. George E., Bradford,

Mass.

Cash, Rev. W. L., Savannah, Ga.

Castle, Miss Beatrice, Honolulu,
Hawaii.

Castle, Mr. W. R., Honolulu, Ha-
waii.

Castle, Mrs. W. R., Honolulu, Ha-
waii.

Cheney, Rev. B. H., New Richmond.
Wis.

Christie. Rev. Ralph A., 110 Pine
St., Florence, Mass.

Clark, Prof. Calvin M., 306 Union
St.. Bangor, Maine.

Cleaves, Rev. C. H., Pocatello,
Idaho.

Clifton. Rev. S. T., 856 Main St.,
Winsted. Conn.

Coburn, Rev. Luther G., North
Woodbury, Conn.

Coe, Mr. D. O., Topeka, Kans.

Conant. Mr. George A., Windsor
Locks. Conn.

Cooke, Mrs. J. P., Hawaii.
^^Coxon, Rev. Leroy, Schriever, La.

Crockett, Mr. Arthur J., West Rox-
buuy. Mass.

Crookshank, Mr. A. J., Santa Ana,
Calif.

Cross, Rev. Allen E., Milford, Mass.

Cross, Rev. E. W., Grinnell, Iowa.

Curtis. Rev. W. W., West Stock-
bridge, Mass.

Cushman, Rev. C. E., Monticello,
Iowa.

Dale, Rev. William W., Interna-
tional Falls, Minn.

Danforth, Rev. J. Romeyn, 95 Fed-
eral St.. New London, Conn.

Darling, Mr. H. W., 3755 E. Doug-
lass St., Wichita, Kans.

Davies, Rev. Howell D., 258 Church
St., Wauwatosa, Wis.

Davis. Pres. Ozora S., 5725 Black-
stone Ave.. Chicago, 111.

Dav, Rev. Ernest E., 519 N. Com-
stock Ave.. Whittier, Calif.
«3Day, Mr. Horace C, 49 Elm St.,
Auburn, Maine.

DeBerry, Rev. Perfect R., 714
Manly St., Raleigh, N. C.
54 Congregational P

DeBerry, Rev. William N., 643
Union St., Springfield, Mass.

Devitt, Rev. T. S., Fall River, Mass.
''^Dexter, Mr. Lemuel LeB., Matta-
poisett. Mass.

Dickev. Rev. J. G., Dickinson, N. D.

Dietrich. Rev. H. J., Golden Val-
ley, N. D.

Dixon. Rev. Sarah A., Hyannis,
Mass.

Doubledav, Mr. F. T.. Cortland, N.
Y.

DELEGATES WHOSE TERMS EXPIRE 1923

Doyle, Rev. Amos A., Chewelah,

Duling, Rev. J. G., Dickinson, N. D.
Duncan, Mr. James H., Searsport,

Dunn! Rev. H. H., 516 S. Claiborne

Ave., New Orleans, La.
Dyer, Rev. Frank, Tacoma, Wash.

Eddv, Rev. A. L.. Red Oak, Iowa.
Edmonds. Rev. R. H.. 4328 Park

Ave., Tacoma, Wash.
osEgbert. Rev. George D., 77 Bowne

St., Flushing, N. Y.
Elfring, Rev. W. H., Grand Forks,

N. D. ,, ,.

Elledge. Rev. William Madison,

.315 S. 9th St., Sabetha, Kans.
Ellis Rev. W. M., Endeavor, Wis.
Emerson, Rev. Chester B., 20

Blaine Ave., Detroit, Mich.__
""English. Rev. William F., 3( war-
den St.. Hartford, Conn.
Evans, Maj. Ira H., Austin. Texas.
Evans, Rev. .Joseph, 5(o W. lua

St., New York City.
Eversz, Rev. Moritz E., 19 S. La

Salle St., Chicago, 111.

Pagerstrom, Mr. A. W., Worthing-

ton. Minn. ^ ^, ^

Fail-bank, Rev. Alan M., Edgemont,

Ferrin, Dr. C. M., Essex Junction,

Vt
67Findley. Rev. John L., G Charlotte

St., "Worcester, Mass. ^ ^ ^ ,
Fitch, Rev. Wells -H.. 116 Sound

Ave., Riverhead, N. Y.
Flanders, Mr. Ralph E., Springfield,

Vt
Flett, Mrs. Clara, Madison. Wis.
Folsom, Rev. Arthur J., I* ort

Wayne, Ind. _ , „^ ^,

Ford, Rev. E. C, 1017 7th St., N.,

Fargo, N. D. „ ^ tvt

Foster, Rev. George R., Greene, N.

Freeman, Rev. M. S., 3It. Vernon,
Ohio. „ _-..„ ir-i.i.

Fuller, Rev. Edgar R.. Iil9 l(th
St.. Bakersfleld, Calif.

Fuller, Rev. William H., Water-
vliet. Mich.

Gammon, Hev. R. W., 19 W. Jack-
son Blvd., Chicago, 111.
ssGeorge Rev. J. H., Wydown Blvd.
and Univ. Lane, St. Louis, Mo.
Gerrish, Mr. Frank L., Boscawen,

Gillette,' Prof. A. L., Hartford,

Conn. ^ ^ ^

<»Gilman, Rev. Burton S., Gardner,

Mass. „ ^ -,.

Gilpin, Mr. Wallace H.. Barton \t.

Grant, Rev. John H., Elyria Ohio.

^Grav Mr A. S.. Chickasha, Okla.

Gregory, Rev. Alfred E., 1st Cong'l

Church, Topeka, Kans.
Gregory, Rev. James C, Presque

Isle." Maine.
Grev Rev. Fred, Topeka. Kans.
Grimes, Rev. Harry, 84 Hollis Ave.,

Braintree, Mass.

Hall Rev. C. L., Elbowoods. N. D.
Hallidav, Rev. James F.. 103 Mur-
ray St., Binghamton, N. Y.

"Hammott, Mr. W. George, Hawley,
Minn.

Hanford, Rev. S. I.. Lincoln, Neb.

Harbutt, Rev. Charles. 95 Exchange
St.. Portland, Maine.

Hardin, Rev. Edwin D., Bath,
Maine.

Hardy, Mr. W. F., 1440 W. Macon
St., Decatur, 111.

Harper, Rev. Thos. H., 201 6th Ave.,
Spokane, Wash.

Harper, Mrs. William P., 651 Kin-
near PI., Seattle, Wash.

Harris, Rev. Everett G., Louisville,

Ky.

Harrison, Rev. Hiram B., 407 Strat-
ford Ave., Houston. Tex.
Harvev, Mr. W. H., Charleston, S.

C.
Hass, Rev. Nathaniel, Glen Ullln,

N. D.
Hawlev, Rev. H. K., Ames, Iowa.
Hawley, Rev. John A., Amherst,

Mass.
Hazen, Mr. Edward W., Haddam,

Conn.
Heald, Rev. J. H., 424 S. Edith

St.. Albuquerque, N. Mex.
'^Henderson, Mr. Thomas, Oberlin,

Ohio.
Hess Rev. A. F.. Manistee, Mich.
Hiatt, Rev. C. W., 118 High St.,

Peoria, 111.
TSHibbard, Mr. Charles L., Pitts-

fleld. Mass.
Higgins. Hon. Edwin W., 130

LTnion St., Norwich, Conn.
"High Hawk, Mr. James E.,

Bridger, S. D.
Hill, Mr. Charles L., Rosendale,

Wis. ^ ,

Hindlev, Rev. J. G., Ashtabula,

Ohio-

Hinman, Mrs. E. L., Lincoln, Neb.

Hirning, Rev. J. L., Redfleld, S. D.

Hitchcock, Rev. S., Williston, N. D.

Hoersch, Rev. Henry, Yale, Idaho.

Houston, Rev. Ira J., Iowa City,
Iowa.

Huget, Rev. J. P., 244 Decatur St.,
Brooklyn, N. Y.

Hunt. Mr. Charles J., St. Paul,
Minn.

Hutchins. Rev. James H., Spring-
field, Ohio.

'sjeffers. Rev. J. Arthur, 1st Cong'l

Church, Pueblo, Colo.
Jefferson, Rev. C. E., 121 West

85th St., New York City
Jenkins, Pres. Frank E., Demorest,

Ga
Jenkins, Miss Helen C, Thorsby,

Ala.
Jones, Rev. Frank, Cheboygan, Mich.
Johnson, Rev. Samuel, Redfleld,

Justice, Rev. J. Caleb, Kingston,
Mass.

Kaumeheiwa. Rev. L. B., Wailuku,

Maui, Hawaii .

Keedy, Rev. E. E., 505 Third St.,

Mihot, N. D. ^^ ^

Kendrick, Prof. Eliza, Newton,

Mass. .,

"8Kenngott. Rev. George F., 831 b.

Hope St.. Los Angeles, Calif.

DEr.EGATES WHOSE TERMS EXPIRE 1923

Kimball, Hon. Carl R., Mjidison,

Ohio.
Kimball. Mr. Frank, 329 S. La Salle

St., Cbicaw. 111. ,
Kin.s;. Kov. Willett D., Crete, Neb.
"Kirbye, Rev. J. E., Des Moines,

Iowa.
Kraomer, Rev. J. H., Clarks, Neb.

Lathrop, Rev. Theodore B., Bran-
ford, Conn.

Laughton, Rev. George, Riverside,
Calif.

Lawless, Jr., Rev. Alfred. 1947 N.
Johnson St., New Orleans, La.

Ledbetter, Rev. C. S., 722 Gwin-
nett St., Augusta, Ga.

Leek, Rev. John DeWitt, Drake, N.
D.

Leyshon, Rev. David, 314 Snyder
Ave., Philadelphia, Penn.

Lockett, Rev. John J., Greenfield,
Mass.

Longsworth, Rev. William H.,
152 17th Ave., Paterson, N. J.

Lund, Rev. E. B., Nekoma, N. D.

"SMacAyeal, Rev. H. S., Akron, Ohio.
MacConnell, Rev. J. Herbert, Nor-
wich. N. H.
MacDonald, Rev. Robert, 38.5 May

St., Worcester, Mass.
Mank. Rev. Herbert G.. 12 Reser-
voir St., Lawrence, Mass.
Manwell, Rev. Augustine P., Glov-

ersville. N. T.
Margeson. Mr. R. Clyde, Middle

Road. Portsmouth, N. II.
Markley. Rev. Monroe, 914 5th Ave.,
Longmont. Colo.
^'Marsh, Rev. Francis J., Upton,
Mass.
Marshall, Rev. William R., 2137
Walnut St., Bellingham, WasTi.
soMarston, Mr. George W., San
Diego, Cal.
Mattson, Rev. B. G., Owosso, Mich.
Maurer, Rev. Irving, Columbus,

Ohio.
Mave, Rev. L. R., Dallas, Texas.
Mci?ride. Mr. J. M., 3116 3d Ave.,

S., Minneapolis, Minn.
McCollum. Rev. George T., 19 S. La

Salle St., Chicago, 111.
McConnell, Rev. Herbert. .526

Hall St., Grand Rapids, Mich.
McNair, Rev. D. C Merrill. Mich.
McNier, Rev. W. K., Lake Preston,

S. D.
McQuarrie. Rev. Neil. Williams-
burg, Ky.
Merrick. Rev. Frank W., 14

Charles St., Danvers. Mass.
Merrill, Rev. George R.. 9 West

Ellis St., Atlanta. Ga.
Miles, Rev. Harry R.. 1404 Chapel

St.. New Haven, Conn.
Millar, Rev. Morgan, Warsaw, N. Y.
Miller. Rev. Harvey V., 1530 N. St.,

Sacramento. Calif.
Miller. Rev. Paris E., South Ber-
wick. Maine.
siMilliken, Rev. C. D., Piedmont,
Calif.
Mitchell, Rev. George W., Frankfin,

Neb.
Moody, Mr. Ambert G., E. North-
field, Mass.

:Morgan, Rev. Walter A., Mt.

Pleasant Cong'l Church, Wash-
ington, D. C.
8-iMorris, Rev. O. Lloyd, Webster

Groves, JIo.
Mullen, Rev. Matt, 715 Court St..

I'ort Huron, Mich.
Nichols, Rev. John T., Meadville

I'enn.
Noble, Prof. Charles, Grinnell, Iowa.
N orris. Rev. Kingsley F., Little

V alley, N. Y.
Noyes, Rev. Warren L., Nashua, N.

O'Brien, Rev. J. p., Talladega Col-
lege, Talladega, Ala.

Olden, Rev. J. C, 619 15th St.,
N., I.irmingham, Ala.

Olmstead, Rev. Charles, Fulton
N. Y. '

Osborne, Rev. R. A., 3847 Jackson
Blvd., Chicago, 111.

Osborne, Rev. Naboth, Burlington.
Iowa.

Page, Miss Hannah R., 14 High St..
Skowhegan. Maine.

Patterson. Rev. S. C, 1603 Oxford
St.. Berkeley, Calif.

Pattisou, Hon. Alexander T., Sims-
bury, Conn,

Patton Rev Carl S., 845 S. Hope
St., Los Angeles, Calif.

Pearsall Mrs. J. J., 114 peni-
more St., Brooklyn, N Y

Perrin, Rev. D. J., Rapid City,

Perry, Hon. John H., Southport,

Conn. ' '

Pershing. Rev. J. B., City Hall,
Oklahoma Citv, Okla

^*^X*^'?V^"'- J- H- «27 West 2d St.,

Oklahoma ( itv. Okla
P-'^^^rson Rev. 'o. W.. 27 Myrtle

St..' Claremont, N. H
Phillips, Mr. Edward H., 2026 St
„^^,"thony St.. New Orleans. La
Phillips, Rev. Watson L., Shelton,

Conn.
Pierce, Rev. Payson E., 193 Bart-

lett Ave., Pittsfleld, Mass.
Pierce, Rev. William R., Carbon-
dale. Penn.
Pike. Rev. David, Georgetown,

Mass. '

s^Platt, Mr. John W., Sterling, 111.

Preisch, Mr. Maurice E., 21 An-

derson PI., Buffalo, N. Y

fThs Vt*'''' *^°^° ^•' '^«"»^s
Pritcha'rd. Rev. W. S., E. 3608 26th

Ave.. Spokane. Wash.
Putnam, Rev. H. A., Ludington,

Mich. *

Queen, Rev. Charles N.. Atlanta
Theo. Sem., Atlanta, Ga.

Race. Mr. William H., Buffalo, N. Y
Ralph, Rev. P. II., Green Bav. Wis.
Randies, Rev. W. M., Minersville,
Penn. '

K*^«l-jR«^- George W., McLaughlin,

^'bn"?v^\t^*^^' ^' ^■' ^*- ''^^^^'
Ricliar'ds. Mi*. Theodore. 574 S
King St., Honolulu, Hawaii.

DELEGATES WHOSE TERMS EXPIRE 1923

Richards, Mrs. Theodore, 574 S.

King St., Honolulu, Hawaii
8<Richardsou, Rev. P. H., Morris,

Minn.
Robinson, Rev. Charles F., Water-

ville, Maine
Rockwell. Prof. William W., Union

Theo. Sem., New York City
«5Rogers, Rev. C. Wellington, South

Paris, Maine
Rogers, Rev. Henry W., Grand

Haven, Mich.
Root, Mr. E. C, Thomaston, Conn.
Ross, Rev. George Gordon, Hutch-
inson, Kans.
Rothenberger, Rev. J., R.P.D. 1,

Elgin, N. D.
MRowlinson, Mrs. C. C, 919 Main

St., Wis.
Rudolph, Rev. W. S., 3441 W. 39th

Avenue, Denver, Colo.

Sanderson, Rev. John P., 19 S. La
Salle St., Chicago, 111.
s'Sanderson, Rev. Ross, Lawrence,
Kans.
Sanford, Mr. C. E. P., 56 Dwight

St., New Haven, Conn.
Sarles, Rev. .1. E., 422 Murray St.,

Madison, Wis.
s^Schwab. Rev. Herman, 18th & Clay

Sts., Dubuque, Iowa
Scudder, Rev. Doremus, Honolulu,

Hawaii
Sears, Mr. Sevmore N., Grantwood,

N. J.
Sell, Rev. H., Billings, Mont.
Shaw, Rev. H. M., Richville. N. Y.
8»Shumwav, Mr. Franklin P., 25

Belleview Avenue, Melrose, Mass.
Sims, Rev. F. W., Troy, N. C.
Sinninger, Rev. N. B., Plainfield,

111.
Small, Rev. C. H., Sandusky, Ohio
Smith, Rev. T. B., Kirwin, Kan.
Smits, Rev. Bastian, Jackson, Mich,
Spelman, Rev. H. O., Humboldt,

Iowa
Spooner. Rev. Walter, 320 DeLeon

Avenue, Ottawa, 111.
Staples, Mr. W. M., Bridgton,

Maine
Stauffacher, Rev. Albert D., Alex-
andria, Minn.
Stearns. Rev. Edward R., 53 No.

Main St., Concord, N.H.
Stevenson, Prof. W. H., Ames, Iowa
Stickney, Rev. Edwin H., Fargo, N.

D.
Stuart, Rev. Luke, Polo, 111.
Styles, Mr. R. B.. Brentford. S. D.
Sumner, Pres. F. A., Talladega

College, Talladega. Ala.
Swan, Rev. H. E., Noble & Harvey

Sts.. Oklab<>tr.a City. (>kla.
Sweet, Rev, M. J., Pontiac, Mich.
Sweet, Mr. William E.. 1075 Hum-
boldt St., Denver, Colo.

aoTabor, Rev. IT. Seth, Spring Lake,

Texas
Talmage, Rev. L. C, Madison, Wis.
Taylor, Rev. Livingston L., Can-

andaigua, N. Y.
Temple, Mr. John H., Pramingham,

Mass.
TewKsliury. Rev. George A., Con-
cord, Mass.
Thomas, Rev, J. Morriston, 1718

Montrose Blvd., Chicago, 111.
Thorpe, Rev. Walter, Brandon, Vt.
Thrall, Rev. W. H., Huron S. D.
Thrush, Rev. J. M., River Palls,

Wis.
siTilley, Mr. Trenor P., 57 Suffolk

St., Holyoke, Mass.
Toomay, Rev. John B., Ontario,

Calif.
Torbet, Rev. H. L., 11111 Ashbury

Ave., Cleveland, Ohio.
Trust, Rev. Harry, Biddeford,

Maine
Turk, Rev. Morris H., 3609 Walnut

St., Kansas City, Mo.
Turrell, Miss C. A., Litchfield,

Mich.
Tuttle. Pres. H. W.. Kingfisher

College, Kingfisher, Okla.

Voss, Rev. A. K., Detroit, Minn.

Walden, Rev. Henry R., 503 S.
Stonewall St., Charlotte, N. C.

Walton, Rev. Alfred G., Stamford,
Conn.

Warren. Pres. Henry K., YanktoB
College, Yankton. S. D.

Watson, Rev. William H., Roch-
dale, Mass.

Wehrhan. Pres. N. W., Tabor, Iowa

Welgle, Prof. Luther A., New Ha-
ven, Conn.

Wells, ]Mr. Herbert J., Kingston,
R. I.

West, Rev. A. M., Harvey, N. D.

Whitcomb, Mr. Benj. B., Ellsworth,
Maine

White, Rev. William P., Old Say-
brook, Conn.

Whitehead, Mr. John M., Janes-
ville. Wis.

Whitelaw, Rev. J. D., De Smet,
S. D.

Whiting. Mrs. Helen, Whiting, Iowa

Whitnev, Mr. J. B.. 3262 W. 98th
St . (Movelnnd. O,

Wicks, Rev. Charles H., 4 N. Onei-
da Ave., Rhinelander, Wis.

Williams, Rev. W. B., Danielson,
Cnnn.

Willis. Mr. R. B., Angola, Ind.

Wilson, Rev. Clarence Hall, 187
Ridsjinvood Ave.. Glen Ridge, N. J.

Wood, Rev. Sumner G., Winchester,
N. H.
"^Woodfel, Mr. J. R., Aurora, Mo.

Woodrow, Rev. S. H.. Union &
Kensington Aves.. St. Louis. Mo.

Woodward Mr. A. P., Walla Walla,
Wash.

Wvckoff, Rev. Charles S., Walton.

isr. Y.

LIST OF SUBSTITUTE DELEGATES FOR
GRAND RAPIDS MEETING, 1919

{rrimary delegates for tcJiom substitules served are indicated "by
corresponding numerals in alpha'betical lists of delegates, pages
73-80.)

•Adams, Rev. C. C, Burlinston, Vt.
^Allen, Rev. Ernest Boui-ner, 400

Lake St., Oak Park, 111.
•^Atkinson, Rev. Frank, Carrington,

N. D.
«2Atwoocl, Rev. Alfred R., St. Louis,

Mo.

"Bailey, Rev. A. W., South Hadley,
Mass.

■^^Bailey, Rev. Henry L., Longmea-
dow, Mass.

^Barnes, Rev. O. A., Winthrop,
Minn.

*Bast, Rev. C. William, Iowa Falls,
lew a

"Beale. Rev. A. S.. Lowell. Mass.

"Benedict, Rev. E. W., Montevideo,
Minn.

•"•Bennett, Pres. John W., Crete, Neb.

s'Berger, Rev. C. C, Wichita, Kans.

"Bohn, Rev. W. F., Oberlin, Ohio

«Bolt, Rev. William N., Lincoln, Neb.

♦Bowden, Rev. Henry M., Spring-
field. Mass.

2»Bradley, Rev. Dan F., Cleveland,
Ohio

**Brannon, Mr. Henry, Worcester,
Mass.

''^Brewer, Mr. A. G., Natick, Mass.

s^Bridgman, Rev. Hcrward A., 14 Bea-
con St., Boston. Mass.

"Brown. Rev. Clarence T.. 6045
Woodlawn Ave., Chicago, 111.

3«Bugbey, Rev. W. S., Roseville, 111.

^Cassel, Rev. Isaac, Montrose, Colo.
««Covell, Rev. Arthur J., Wakefield,
Mass.

s»Dabney, Rev. Vaughan, Durham,

N. H.
i^Deering. Mr. W. J., Atlantic, Iowa
♦Dent. Rev. T. J., Aberdeen, S. D.
s^Dudley. Mr. William E., Grand

Junction, Colo.

♦Enlow. Rev. Charles E., Winter
Park, Fla.

23Estabrook, Rev. Franklin J., Den-
ver, Colo.

8Farren, Rev. M. A., 14 Beacon St.,

Boston, Mass.
♦Fithian, Rev. H. G., Port Orange,

Fla.
ssFuller, Mr. Columbus C, Bozeman,

Mont.

'^ile, Mrs. Josephine, Colorado
Springs, Colo.

'■■Gordon, Rev. John. Rockford, 111.

^Graham, Rev. J. G., Gilman, Iowa

«»Gutterson, Rev. George H., Cam-
bridge, Mass.

83Hallock, Mrs. L. H., Portland,

Maine.
^-Hannaford, Rev. W. H., San Diego,

Calif.
^Heberlein, Rev. F. W., Ashland,

Wis.
3=Henderson, Rev. A. S., St. Paul,

Minn.
3iHerring, Jr., Rev. Hubert C, Wich-
ita. Kans.
TOHicks, Mrs. T. B., Los Angeles,

Calif.
"Holmes, Rev. John A., Lincoln, Neb.
"Hopkins, Mr. L. G., Cincinnati.

Ohio
soHoward. Pres. E. Lee, Fargo, N. D.
"Hoyt, Mrs. H. L., Los Angeles,

Calif.
EOHufstader, Rev. R. C, Flint, Mich.
iHume, Rev. Robert A., Hartford,

Conn.

^*Johnson, Mr. B. V., Wichita, Kans.
*Judson, Rev. G. W., Saco, Maine

™Keller, Rev. Lewis H., Oklahoma

City. Okla.
«Kilburne, Rev. A. S., Eddyville,

Iowa
♦Kirker, Rev. James, Minot, N. D.

6"Laviscount, Rev. Sam'l, Mobile, Ala.
■•oLeete, Rev. William W., Newton-

ville, Mass.
lOLewis, Rev. Frank F., Tonica, 111.
^Libby, Mrs. J. R., 109 Danforth St.,

Portland, Maine
^Lockwood, Rev. George R., Chula

Vista, Calif.
♦Loomis, Mrs. A., Redfield, S. D.

isMcIntyre. Rev. W. A., Danby, Vt.
siMears, Rev. Charles Leon, 4841

Emerson Ave., Minneapolis, Minn.
"Metzger, Mrs. Eraser, Randolph. Vt.
«Moxom, Rev. Philip S., Springfield,

Mass.
2SMurphy, Rev. Charles G., Lincoln,

Neb.

»2Nadal, Pres. T. W., Springfield, Mo.
6"Newcomb, Mrs. Lina W., Keene, N.

H.
'^Nichols, Rev. John R., Chicago, 111.
27Noyes, Rev. F. B., Harwichport,

Mass.
"Nugent, Rev. Walter H., Newbury-

port, Mass.

^Osbornson, Mr. E. A., 144 N. East
Ave., Oak Park, 111.

LIST OF SUBSTITUTE DELEGATES

ss'Paislej', Rev. John O., Melrose Higli-

lands, Mass.
'sparsons, Pres. E. S., Marietta, Ohio
♦Fatten, Rev. Arthur B., Torrington,

Conn.
*Pettibone, Rev. Charles H., West

Palm Beach, Fla.
ssPetty, Rev. Orville A., New Haven,

Conn,
sspflager, Mr. H. M., St. Louis, Mo.
i2pitnian, Rev. H. H., Shenandoah,

Iowa
■jporte, Rev. P. A. de la, Gregory,

S. D.

soRicker, Rev. A. E., Dallas, Texas

35Rollins, Pres. W. H., Wichita, Kans.

<»Roraback, Rev. Albert E., 21.5 Pen-
more St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

"Roundy, Rev. Rodney W., 156 5th
Ave., New York City

«''Rouse, Rev. P. T., 20 Richards St.,
Worcester, Mass.

s«Rowlinson, Rev. C. C, 919 Main St.,
La Crosse, Wis.

eoSavaides, Rev. Y. S., Valley City,

N. D.
^Scamman, Miss Edith, Saco, Maine
^Shearer, Rev. H. A., Paradise. Calif.
"Sheldon, Rev. Frank M., 14 Beacon

St., Boston, Mass.
♦Sherman, Mr. Charles D., Hartford,

Conn.

"Stacy, Mr. A. P., Minneapolis,

Minn.
-•"Starr, Rev. Harris E., New Haven,

Conn.
*Sticknev, Rev. George E., Pargo,

N. D.
2'Stone, Rev. Alfred W., Concord

Junction, Mass.
i^Styles, Mrs; R. C, Brentford, S. D.
"^Sump, Rev. Frederic H. von der,

New Bedford, Mass.

"Van der Pyl, Rev. Nicholas, Ober-
lin, Ohio

sn'ogt. Rev. Von Ogden, 617 Well-
ington Ave., Chicago, 111.

ssWalker, Rev. J. T., LeMars, Iowa
"^Walker, Rev. James F., CoUbran,

Colo.
♦White. Rev. Frank Newhall, 19

S. La Salle St.. Chicago, 111.
"^Whiting, Mr. E. M., Whiting, Iowa
=iWhitlock, Rev. F. M., Marietta,

Ohio
•^Willard, Rev. W., 7613 Union Ave.,

Chicago, 111.
s^Williams, Rev. W. K., Minneapolis,

Minn.
■^Wissler, Rev. H. L., Gilbert, Iowa

'^"Young, Miss Anne vS., South Had-
ley, Mass.

►Primary delegate not designated.

CONGREGATIONAL NATIONAL COUNCIL

Eighteenth Biennial Meeting

Park (First) Congregational Church
Grand Rapids. Michigan, October 21-29, 1919

PROGRAM

(Parts not noted in "Minutes," as arraniied and substantially as

carried out.)

Tuesday, Octoher 21

3.00 P.M. Address, :Mr. Franli H. Mann, Secretary American Bible
Society.

5.15 Stereopticon Lecture by Representative of Congregational Ed-
ucation Society.

8.00 Address of Welcome, Rev. Chai'les W. Merriam. Pastor Park
Congregational Church, with Response V)y ^loderator.

8.25 Address of Retiring IModerator. Rev. William Horace Day.

Wednesday, October 22

12.30 Theater Meeting ; Address, The New Negro in the New Age,

Rev. H. H. Proctor. Atlanta, Georgia.
2.20 Address, Our Program for the Years Just Before Us, Rev.

J. T. Stocking, Upper Montclair, N. J.
2.55 Address, In the Thick of Things, Rev. H. F. Swartz, New

York.
5.15 Stereopticon Lecture by Representative of the American

Board.
7.30 Annual Meeting of the American Board of Commissioners for

Foreign Missions.

Thursday, October 23

Annual ^Meeting of American Board — Continued.

32.30 Theater Meeting: Address, During and after the War in
Syria. Rev. Howard S. Bliss, Beirut, Syria.

12.30 and 5.15. Stereopticon Lectures by Representatives of Ameri-
can Board.

Friday, October 24

11.30 Address, Work of the Federal Council. Rev. C. W. Gilkey,

Chicago, 111.
12.30 Theater Meeting: Address, The Fine Art of Living Together,

Mr. G. W. Coleman, Boston, Mass.
2.00 Sectional IMeetings :

Section One
General Subject : Snap-shots of Local Church Life.
The Collegiate Church, Rev. William Dana Street, White Plains,

N. Y.
Forward Step Week, How to ask for something more needed than
money. Rev. Harry E. Peabody, Appleton, Wis.

The Present Day "Ladies' Aid Society," Mrs. Franklin H. Warner,

White Plains, N. Y.
How to Get Sunday School Leadership, Rev. Frank E. Bigelow,

Minneapolis, Minn.
The Mid- Week Meeting, Rev. Frank H. Fox, Decatur, 111,

Section Two

General Subject : The Training of Ministers for the Netv Age.
The Ideals of the Up-to-Date Theological Seminary, President W.

D. Mackenzie.

What a Pastor Sees as He Looks Backward Upon His Own Train-
ing and Out Upon the World, Rev. Frazer Metzger, Randolph,
Vt.

What a Layman Thinks About the Minister's Training, Mr. W.

E. Sweet, Denver, Colo.

Plans on Foot for Pushing the Strengthening of Our Ministerial
and Missionary Force, Rev. Frank M. Sheldon, Boston.

Section Three

General Subject : Recruiting for the Kingdom.

The Church Within Prison Walls, Rev. Orville L. Kiplinger, Mans-
field, Ohio.
Caring for the Men Who Sail Our Ships, Rev. M. A. Farren, Bos-
ton.
Evangelism in An Average Church of An Average Community.

Rev. George M. Miller, St. Paul, ]\Iinn-
How Can ^^'e Help One Another in Evangelism? Rev. Frederick
L. Fagley, New York.
5.1.5 Stereopticon Lecture : Congregational Church Buildings and

How We Built Them.
8.00 Address : What the Forum Movement Means, Mr. George W.

Coleman, Boston.
8.35 Address : Unexplored Moral Assets of the Nation, Mr, Ray-
mond Robins, Chicago. >

Saturday, Octobee 25

11.55 Address : Industrial Impressions of Many Cities, Rev. Nicho-
las Van der Pyl, Oberlin.
Saturday Afternoon — Free automobile ride and lunch at Plainfield
Country Club.

6.00 Council Dinner in the Armory.

7.15 Address by Rev. Danjo Ebina, Delegate from Japan.

7.30 Address : Our Far-flung Line, Rev. Carl S. Patton.

7.45 Address : The Gospel of Christ in Army Life, Chaplain John
T. Axton.

8.15 Address : The Spirit of America, Hon. J. A. A. Burnquist,
Governor of Minnesota.

Sunday, October 26

9.30 Communion Service. Conducted by Rev. J. Henry House,
Salonika, and Rev. Henry K. Warren, Yankton, S. D.
10.30 Council Sermon, Rev. Raymond Calkins, Cambridge, Mass.
3.00 Sectional Meetings :

Section One

General Subject : National Waste and Conservation.
The Loss Through Preventable Disease, Theron G. Yeomans, M.D.,
St. Joseph, Mo.

PROGRAM OF THE NATIONAL COUNCIL 85

The Use and Abuse of Luxuries, Rev. E. W. Bishop, Lansing, Mich.
Tlie Loss of Moral Power Through Conflicting or Unrelated Moral
Forces, Rev. Reuben A. Beard, Fargo, N. D,

Section Tico

General Subject : Democracy in Industry.

As Seen From a Minister's Study, Rev. Herbert A. Jump, Man-
chester, N. H.
As Seen From a Labor Union.

As Seen From a Business Office, Mr. Van A. Wallin, Chicago.
As Seen From an Industrial Experiment, Mr. Arthur H. Young,
Chicago.
8.00 Address, Tlie Ties Between Great Britain and the United

States, Rev. A. Penry Evans, Liverpool, England.
8.10 Address, The Industrial Crisis and the Spirit of the Church,

Prof. Graham Taylor.
8.50 Address, The Church at Her Best, Rev. A. A. Stockdale. To-
ledo, Ohio.

Monday, Octobeb 27

10.30 Annual Meeting of the Congregational Church Building So-
ciety.

13.30 Annual Meeting of the Congregational Sunday School Exten-
sion Society.

12.30 Theater Meeting: Address, The World Confusion — Why Not
Try the Gospel? Rev. Dan F. Bradley.
2.00 Annual Meeting of the Congregational Home Missionary So-
ciety.

Tuesday, October 28

10.55 Address, The Tercentenary in England and America, Rev.
M. E. Aubrey, Cambridge, England.

11.35 Address, Rev. F. L. Fagley, Secretary Commission on Evan-
gelism.

11.55 Address, The Call of Siberia, Rev. Doremus Scudder.

12.30 Theater Meeting : Address, With the Last Million in France,
Rev. Frank Dyer, Tacoma, Wash.
2.00 Annual Meeting of the American Missionary Association.

Wednesday, October 29

10.35 Address, The Temperance Situation at the Present Hour, Hon.

Wayne B. Wheeler.
]].00 Annual Meeting of the Congregational Education Society.
12.30 Theater Meeting: Address, World-Wide Prohibition, Hon.

Wayne B. Wheeler.
3.00 Address, The American Church in Paris, Rev. Stanley Ross

Fisher.

THE MODERATOR'S ADDRESS

REV. WILLIAM HORACE DAY

WHITHER?

Quo Vadisf — Whither goest thou? the world demands of
America. An evasive answer will not avail, for we stand at
the beginning of a new age. When the Revolutionary War
ended, Thomas Paine stopped publishing "The Crisis," say-
ing, "The times that tried men's souls are over." A crisis
had passed, but John Fiske was right, the critical period of
American history had just begun. March 27, 1918, Lloyd
George sent his Macedonian call across the sea — "We are ai
the crisis of the war. It is impossible to exaggerate the im-
portance of getting American reinforcements." Sir George
Adam Smith told us in New York how desperate was the
situation, but added, "While you are coming up, we will hold
the line." On the 12th of April Haig's men, with their backs
to the wall, determined to fight to the end, believing that the
safety of their homes and the freedom of mankind depended
upon the conduct of each at that critical moment. Would the
Von Hindenburg line overwhelm Paris? For one hundred
and thirteen days fate hung in the balance.

On the one hundred and fourteenth day the French were
still retreating, but a long line of trucks was rushing through
the night, packed with the citizen soldiery from overseas.
These men, bred to believe in peace, with their inadequate
military training, were to confront the tempered steel tip of
the lance aimed at the French capital. French soldiers at
Verdun had made good their words "They shall not pass."
Could our soldiers do as well? The spirit of America com-
pensated for the unpreparedness of America and the tide of
German invasion was forever broken. Before that hour the
French people had enthusiastically welcomed our army, but
it was always with a touch of patronage because they dis-
trusted our soldier qualities. But overnight the mind of the
French press and of the French people was changed, with the
morning headlines "The Americans can fight."

History's Critical, Hour.

We thought that the most critical period in modern his-
tory, but a more critical hour is here. In the seven-fold heat
of war, human society was molten, running like lava. It is
already becoming hard. Whose image and superscription is it
to bear, Christ's or Caesar's? Ten years hence it will be too

THE moderator's ADDRESS 87

late to change onr answer to that qnestion. It is more than
probable that what Ave do in 1920 will determine the course of
history for a century. Our attention to-night is focused iipon
Washington, for there America's formal answer must be
given.

In international relations the world asks this question —
Whither? A year after the signing of the Armistice we have
neither peace nor joy. We must not be impatient of honest
debate, nor find fault because so momentous a document is
thoroughly examined, but we are indignant when men are so
busy breathing out chauvinisms and slaughter against the
administration that we are technically still at war. While
the world burns, the Senate fiddles. There have been great
resolves, great searchings of heart, but so far only shrill,
melancholy pipings amongst the party sheep folds. Impera-
tive as are free discussion and honest criticism, our duty now
is to enter the land of action. God has made us rich and
mighty. This is our mandate, to take our share of the white
man's burden and help police the world, though it make us
responsible for a free Constantinople and a delivered Ar-
menia. A boy of thirteen has no business in entangling alli-
ances, but a man of thirty has no business to shirk them^

In industrial relations at home humanity demands of Amer-
ica— Wliither goest thou? All nations are in the midst of a
revolutionary modification of the industrial order. We are
told the wage system has broken down, that as political auto-
cracy has been discredited it is no less true that the world
must be made safe for a democracy in economic life. Some
form of industrial democracy is coming by which labor and
the public will share with capital in the control of industry.
At the President's Industrial Conference three groups, repre-
senting labor, capital and the public, have each presented a
tentative answer. What answer shall the Church give? The
National Council is not a congress of economic and social
experts. Let us not blithely enter in where experts fear to
tread, as is the manner of some. But we are experts in morals
and religion and the country has a right to our verdict upon
the doctrines which underlie our economic and social think-
ing. What do you think of collective bargaining? Shall
labor have a right to representatives of its own choosing?
Should it be as free as capital to choose its spokesmen ? Wliat
shall we say of that conception of the solidarity of labor
which depends upon the closed shop? After the Revolution
civil war was repeatedly averted only because the people were
accustomed to government by free discussion. The only thing
that will cure the ignorance of the people today will be a
wider knowledge, and such knowledge is disseminated only

88 THE moderator's address

by free speaking. The pulpit is less trammeled than any
other form of public utterance. In her forums and discus-
sion clubs the church has an unequalled opportunity to serve
the cause of popular enlightenment.

America's prohibition program likewise interests the world.
Since the Emancipation Proclamation there has been no more
drastic curtailment of personal right or abridgment of tradi-
tion-sanctioned property right than the adoption of Prohibi-
tion. The Eighteenth Amendment has been added to the
Constitution because the great majority of the people of the
United States believe that the only way to control the saloon
is to kill it. Under our Constitution a vigorous minority
might possibly have passed the amendment, but such was not
the fact. In Congress the majority of the representatives of
the four most populous states, New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio
and Ulinios, voted for the amendment, more than two to one
in favor. If any of these states had voted solidly against pro-
hibition, it would not have been submitted. It is not a law
enforced upon the manj^ by the few. The nation has resolved
on self-control. And the world is weighing the soul of Amer-
ica in this matter. Crossing last Spring to England, the
question was repeatedly asked me — Can you do it ? So many
said in almost the same words, It will be a splendid thing if
it can be enforced. And then they would discuss the difficul-
ties of enforcement in the face of the lawlessness of the East
Side of New York.

America's great peril is anarchy, anarchy not of the wild-
eyed, red-necktied, foreign-bom variety, but the anarchy of
the self-indulgent, privileged and educated class. No finer
word has been said than by Mr. Taft : ' ' Every loyal citizen
must obey the voice of the majority. This is the fundamental
principle of self-government. It is the principle of the right
of majority rule which the Bolsheviki of Russia are fighting
with wholesale assassination and starvation. One who in the
matter of national prohibition holds his personal opinion and
his claim of personal liberty to be of higher sanction than this
overM'helming constitutional expression of the people, is a
disciple of practical Bolshevism. He is not playing the game
of self-government fairly." (Abbreviated.)

Peril Induced Co-operation.

Under the pressure of the war peril, nations, races and reli-
gions forgot age-long enmities and worked together. In the
four years struggle for international liberty twenty-four na-
tions with fourteen hundred million population unified their
armies under the command of a single general and became a
league of nations to defend the freedom of the world. Under

THE moderator's ADDRESS 89

this same pressure of peril, antagonistic classes within the
country realized a new solidarity as they tried to meet the
colossal requirements of the conflict. The nation made itself
a league to enforce industrial peace within, which resulted in
a partial economic truce and accelerated production. The
same pressure of a common peril led the American people to
surrender something- of personal liberty for the sake of na-
tional effectiveness. Under the blazing light of a burning
world, no shadows obscured the moral and economic waste of
the drink traffic. Only a sober nation can become a victorious
nation.

But the pressure of war peril has passed. Can we meet a
still greater test of character and in the more selfish atmos-
phere of peace maintain a basis of good will in all human
relations, political, industrial and moral? The Church is
the only organization whose business it is to develop motives
of sacrifice and service. Only when impelled by these relig-
ious aspirations do we cease to be actuated by selfishness.
Never were the resources of the Church so abundant, never
was her membership so large, and jet never was she so bitterly
assailed for inefficiency and neglect. If the Church is to meet
the greatest challenge of her history, she must attain prac-
tical unity, adequate leadership and converting power.

Practical Unity.

Who of us can forget the day Lloyd George made his "dis-
agreeable speech" in Paris. He frankly told the world how
badly things were going and said, "Particularism has pro-
longed the war; solidarity alone will win the war." Presi-
dent Wilson made emphatic demand for a unified command,
and Foch became the Allied Generalissimo. Without the uni-
fied command the Central Powers would have entered Paris.
The experience of the Allied Armies has been the experience
of the Churches and welfare organizations serving the Allied
Armies. Old sectarian hostilities and prejudices were com-
pelled to stand aside and Catholic, Jew and Protestant made
common cause to sustain the morale of the army.

Before the war, when confronted with the inexcusable waste
by competitive sectarianism, we had done some talking about
church unity, but now, on the field of foreign missions as on
the field of battle and in the home efforts of the missionary
movement and the United War Work Drive, we did something
more than talk, we discovered that the most diverse creeds
and polities had been united in a compelling program of serv-
ice. Christians desire no organic unity that will curtail
stimulating variety, but as soon as we lay our denominational
programs on the table and work them out as a part of the
whole task, even the most unyielding denominations begin

90 ' THE moderator's ADDRESS

to see, what has so long" been apparent to the rest of the world,
that a considerable proportion of our sectarian differences
are nothing more than the product of personal pride and
theological vanity. When we work to serve the same end and
do it together we discover that we are "all of one mind and
one heart." We shall further discover that we have many
if not all things in common.

When we are absorbed in attaining the maximum service,
those denominations most nearly related will undoubtedly
form organic union, and all denominations of Christians ivhen
tvorking together will grow to he more alike because each will
learn valuable lessons from the other. In the interests of
economy and efficiency churches will unite as business cor-
porations have united. A group of plow manufacturers
were united in a plow corporation. Some one told me they
reduced the number of models they marketed from over a
thousand to forty-seven, which was quite sufficient for the
needs of the farmer. The majority of the models had no
value except to point the tale of competing salesmen. The
reduction simplified the processes of manufacture, reduced
the cost to the consuming public and increased the income
of the corporation and the wages of the workers.

The Inter-Church World Movement means a practical unity
of Protestant denominations in the service of the world. At
this moment in all parts of the world and in every county of
the United States an intensive scientific survey has been
blocked out and in some eases is already under way. As the
result of this survey an adequate program will be presented,
based not on a series of enthusiastic guesses run through an
adding machine, but upon estimates that will bear the most
searching criticism, these surveys to give foundation for a five
year program for United Protestantism. Protestantism will
have a practical working unity of service. If then the Church
is to meet the challenge of this most critical period and make
the world safe for democracy, it must learn to utilize those
principles by which alone the Allied victory was possible, the
same principles which have revolutionized the organization
of modern industrial life.

Adequate Leadership.

If the Church is to be successful in this crisis, it must have
adequate leadership. Inefficiency of leadership is the tragedy
of modern social organization. During the last two years
and a half, the American spirit has made a glorious record
overseas. We take the greatest pride in these achievements,
but ours is a chastened pride because in administration and
organization we have fallen far below what the countrv had a

THE moderator's ADDRESS 91

right to expect. In spite of the stimuli of patriotism and high
wages, labor at home was but 33 per cent efficient. These
unverified figures were given me regarding the A. E. F. — the
Army was 35 per cent efficient, the Red Cross 38 per cent
efficient, and the "Y" 48 per cent efficient. I have come to
the conclusion that the church of which I am pastor is hardly
40 per cent efficient ; that is, nearly 60 per cent of our mem-
bers make no real contribution to the total program of the
church beyond more or less regular attendance at morning
service, and a contribution to the current expense and benevo-
lence budgets. The glorious victories overseas were due not
to administrative efficiency but to the undaunted spirit of
America, and our failures in organization were in a measure
due to inefficient leadership.

What makes great leadership in the Church ? Three things :
first, great consecration; second, great education; third, great
hacking. The men who to-day stand high in our national
leadership are those w^ho have been fortunate in receiving
strong backing. That which keeps a considerable percentage
of able young men out of the ministry is the conviction that
abilit}' and devotion are allowed to go to waste. Few of them
realize the full economic difficulties of low salaries, but many
of them refuse to enter the ministry because the ministry
seems to them a futile occupation. We lack Christian leader-
ship not only because we fail to enlist a sufficient number of
the able, devoted, well-educated young men in the gospel min-
istry, but what is still more worthy of condemnation, we so
use those who do enlist as to waste their powers and render
them weak in leadership. Many of you can think of some
man of far above average ability, with a whole-hearted conse-
cration, with a splendid education, leaving the theological
seminary and entering his first pastorate, where he showed
signs of great promise. After ten or fifteen years you find
him a discouraged and futile man,, the heart gone out of him.
What is the matter? He very likely is partly to blame, but
had he been properly backed he would not have failed to be-
come a leader.

The Pilgrim Memorial.
God commanded the Hebrew people to build a stone monu-
ment as a memorial to the pioneers. After three hundred
years Ave have undertaken to build a memorial to our pioneers.
It is not to be a monument of stone but a great Pilgrim Fund
by which we expect to revolutionize the economic position of
the minister. It provides economic protection against the fear
of disability and old age. It makes him conscious of the back-
ing of the whole Church, saying to him — you are not an iso-
lated individual confined to a single parish, but you are an

92 THE moderator's address

officer in the Congregational Army and we will see to it not
only that you are supplied with daily necessities but that some
adequate provision shall be made for old age, disability and
death. It further proposes to increase the backing of his
parish by insisting that the local church recognize, what
purely commercial corjDorations have long since recognized,
the responsibility not only to pay the living wage of to-day
but to provide deferred wages that should protect old age.
And these, too, are conditioned upon some exercise of thrift
on the minister's part.

The Pilgrim Memorial Fund is to serve as a lever then to
lift our churches to a new effectiveness in their backing of the
minister, to relieve the minister of those things which destroy
his initiative and power to lead, for when the minister feels
he is the head of a going concern you almost inevitably make
him a coming man. The significance of this undertaking in
increasing the effectiveness of pastoral leadership is realized
when we remember that less than one-sixth of our ministers
receive a living wage of $1500 and over — the sum below which
the War Labor Board told us that an artisan could not bring
up a family on the American standard. Nearly one-half of
our Congregational ministry receive less than $1000 a year.
Last year in an old New England town I was talking with a
pastor who had been there for a number of years. His salary
had never been much above a thousand dollars. An article
had appeared in the Congregationalist advising the dropping
of the Pilgrim Memorial Fund plan during the war. After
telling me something of his difficulties and how his wife had
managed to keep things going, he burst out, "For God's sake,
do everything you can to help this fund along or we fellows
can't face old age. We can't live."

At another point we have a prolific waste of leadership. In
all Christendom there is hardly a worse method for the set-
tling of pastors. Because of its difficulty, we have been
afraid to assist adequately the autonomous local church and
the independent minister in meeting the problem of prompt
settlement. After all deductions are made, there are hosts
of unemployed ministers who ought to be at work, and leader-
less churches that ought to be moving forward, whose wasted
years will be saved by more effective methods of supervision.
To do this work, English Congregationalism, which has been
even more tenacious of independency than we, has just set
apart nine provincial moderators.

A Converting Church.

"We are between two greeds, the greed of those who have
and the greed of those who have not." There will be eternal

THE moderator's ADDRESS 93

strife until the gospel of the Church shall successfully change
the motive of greed into the desire to serve. To meet this chal-
lenge we must have a converting church. Conversion of the
individual, transforming a selfish man into a ministering man
is fundamental. The goal of the Church is social, the method
of the Church is individual. We want parks, plaA'grounds
and modern plumbing, but social betterment will not save the
world. "The soul of all improvement is the improvement of
the soul. ' ' The world will be saved only as persons are trans-
formed and made partakers of the divine nature. The busi-
ness of the Church is to bring men to repentance, for error
must have a change of mind, and to regeneration, for selfish-
ness must have a change of heart.

Side by side on my desk are two pamphlets, one the bulletin
of the National Catholic War Council and the other a copy
of one of Babson's Commercial Reports. Each was discussing
social reconstruction. One summarized a quotation from
Pope Leo the XIII, "Christianity alone can save society.
Capital and labor must both reform. Humanity must be
considered first." The commercial report asserts, "The need
of the hour is not more legislation; the need of the hour is
more religion. Congress is playing politics over the League
of Nations. Those who like the President line up for the
League of Nations ; those who do not like him line up against
it. Congress needs more religion. The solving of the labor
question is wholly a question of religion. The only great
organization which has the machinery and opportunity to de-
velop the constructive motives of love and sympathy and hope
is asleep,"

We must have a converting Church. The Twentieth Cen-
tury Church needs to restudy the sources of First Century
power. The Apostolic Church lacked the assets of the mod-
ern church — great numbers, great endowments, large incomes,
conspicuous social standing. For the most part all of these
forces were in opposition, but the Church of the apostles had
a revolutionary program. It turned the world upside down.
The business of the modern church is no less revolutionary.
It ought to turn the world right side up. The Church of
Jerusalem was ordered to tarry until endued with power and
its members became effective as witnesses of Christ. They
were the witnesses of a Christ who was more than a dead
carpenter who had left a record of noble sayings. Saul, the
persecutor, discovered that he was blind when light fell upon
him from heaven, and he began to pray. When a humble
witness had opened his eyes, he began to proclaim Jesus as
the Son of God. The whole group of Christians went every-
where preaching the Word; the great and mighty marvelled

94 THE moderator's address

at their boldness, but the Lord added to them day by day
such as were being saved. The Lamb that was slain goes
forth to war with the beast. To as many as believe on Him,
accepting His teaching as the wisdom of God and His pres-
ence as the power of God, He gives power as sons of God
to follow in His train. In the arena of international conflict,
of industrial strife and the soul's warfare between duty and
desire, the kingdom of good will wins victory only as indi-
viduals experience a change in heart and motive, because the
Church is a converting Church.

The Place of the Cross.

Commercial Corinth's social and moral problems appear
strangely modern. The greatest apostolic witness declared
that among them he preached nothing but Christ and Him
Crucified, that is, that aspect of the character and message
of Jesus which was revealed in His cross. The sacrificial
principle incarnate in Him who hung upon the cross is the
only possible foundation for co-operative life. As soon as it
becomes the central motive, the individual life becomes dy-
namic, capable of the most powerful co-operative living.

Impatience with traditional and sometimes immoral theo-
ries of the Atonement which caricature God and distort the
Scriptures must not weaken the conviction that the converting
Church of today must be the witness not only of the Christ
who is eternally alive but of the Christ whom God exalted
because He endured the cross. Scourged and bleeding be-
neath the trampling of the four horsemen of the Apocalypse
— pestilence, war, famine and death — stricken humanitj^ has
found a new reality in the gospel of sacrifice, which requires
that if any man would live as Jesus lived, it must be by the
way of the cross.

Thirty-six hours after the German inflammables had set
fire to the cathedral at Rheims, an aviator flew by night over
the city. At first he saw nothing but one vast, dark ruin,
when suddenly, looking straight down, he saw in a frame of
perfect blackness a glorious cross of fire, all that a mad van-
dalism had left of the most beautiful of French cathedrals.
The business of the Church is to lift up the souls of men out
of the blackness of greed, brutality and unbelief unto God.
Ours will be a converting Church whenever through the
power of our faith men are lifted up toward God. Then at
the very heart of the present black distress the glorious cross
will be seen blazing with power and promise that the king-
doms of this world shall become the Kingdom of our Lord
and His Christ.

THE COUNCIL SERMON

THE CHURCH AND THE SOCIAL CONSCIENCE

Rev. Raymond Calkins, Cambridge, Massachusetts.

"That he might present it to himself a glorious Church, not having
spot or wrinkle or any such thing ; but that it should be holy and
without blemish." — Ephesians 5 : 27.

The Church is coming in for a good deal of criticism. We
are told that church-going has practically ceased to be a
habit of the American people taken as a whole ; that corporate
Church loyalty is dwindling; that the thought of the Church
does not measure up to the problems of the hour; that its
ethics are narrow, without moral range and vision; that its
social program is petty, parochial, provincial. And we are
told that it is without moral leadership ; that whereas we used
to have wooden churches and granite ministers, now we have
granite churches and wooden ministers.

Now nearly every item in this general indictment can be
challenged. The Church has by no means failed in spite of
the monotonously repeated assertion that it has. It is not
true that the people no longer go to church. Has loyalty
disappeared ? When was there ever such a united demonstra-
tion of church loyalty as the great Methodist campaign, roll-
ing up the unprecedented sum of $110,000,000 for work at
home and abroad? Are the laymen uninterested? On the
contrary, they never were more interested in the Church. Are
we ready to sneer at the men who compose the ministry of
the Church today? But a secular journal not long ago paid
them the tribute of saying that this band of men, unrecog-
nized, underpaid, overworked, unassuming, that never com-
plain, never strike, is accomplishing under conditions that
make their performance nothing short of heroic, a work that
is fundamental to the stability and permanence of our civi-
lization.

Is the social ser\dce of the Church to be despised? But
men forget that every institution that they hold dear, school,
hospital and college, is as closely related to the Church as an

96 THE CHURCH AND THE SOCIAL CONSCIENCE

apple to a tree; and that every modern movement for the
reclamation of mankind owes its origin, its existence and its
maintenance to the heart of love that still beats warmest
where two or three are met together in the Master's name.

The Heroes of Today
Is the Church without its militant heroes and an imperial
statesmanship ? But I remember that this is the annual gath-
ering of the oldest foreign missions organization in the United
States. From the day of those first missionaries, over a hun-
dred years ago, down to the very day in which we live, the
roll of its volunteers contains the names of some of the most
intrepid heroes this land has ever produced. And when I
found myself thrilled with the stories of a self-sacrifice so
complete that there was literally no self left to sacrifice, I was
proud to ask myself what group of men anywhere can produce
representatives that will compare on the whole with the devo-
tion and selfless heroism of our ordinary everyday missionary.
When I read of plans for the betterment and rebuilding of
the world, I say to myself : Do not nearly all of them lack
precisely that vision, that breadth, those spiritual dimensions
that make our foreign missionary program the most inclusive
and fundamental plan for the ultimate redemption of man-
kind that is in the eye and mind of men today? The world
statesmanship of the Church's missionary program contem-
plates the redemption of the backward races of the earth.
Beside it, many secular schemes look petty and narrow, sec-
tional and provincial. For a truly imperial plan for the
reconstruction of a broken world, we can look only to the
Church of Jesus Christ.

An Adequate Social Conscience
Such, then, to my thinking, is the perfectly just and sound
apologia that may be made for the Church of today. The
real question is. Can the Church herself, can those of us who
love her, believe in her, and are giving our lives in her service
— can we be satisfied? Is there nothing lacking? Can we
say that the Church is without spot or wrinkle or any such
thing? Is there nothing for which we have to reproach our-
selves? Is there nothing earnest, vital, meaningful, for us

THE CHURCH AND THE SOCIAL CONSCIENCE 97

Still to do? I believe there is. The great outstanding need
of the Church today is the possession of an adequate social
conscience.

To compress in a word what I want to say, it may, I think,
with justice be urged, not that the Church has not a social
conscience, but that that conscience has been, and to a certain
extent still is, conventional in its range ; that it lacks a pene-
trating moral vision and an uncompromising moral courage.
The defect in its moral outlook lies here: that it too often
seems to provide only a foundation for the existing social
or economic order, whereas its Gospel ought to be spiritual
interpretation and proclamation of the essential teachings of
Jesus from which a higher, better and juster social order
must emerge.

The Disturbing Idealism of Jesus
I do not know who it was who spoke of the ''disturbing
idealism" of Jesus. No one can read his New Testament
intelligently without discovering that it was just that.

It disturbed the Scribes and Pharisees, and the elders of
the Jewish Church. It had all kinds of upsetting potentiali-
ties in it. When the New Testament Church uttered the
idealism of Jesus, it had the same effect. The message of
St. Paul at Ephesus did not let things alone. The industries
of Ephesus were indignant: "Sirs," they said, "ye know
that by this business we have our wealth."

If the Church today truly interprets and utters and lives
the idealism of Jesus, it will do more than provide a founda-
tion for the existing social order. It will contribute the spirit
of Jesus to the ideals which are provocative of discontent
with the existing status. If we look at the contemporary
ecclesiastical conscience, must we not say that it is too often
content to think what has been thought, to echo the word that
has been spoken, to do the possible deed, and to walk in a
path that has been already blazed? Can it be claimed that
its thought is critical and constructive? That its outlook
overleaps present conditions and is passionately bent on the
creation of a juster and truer social order? That its con-
science is keen, awake to defects in actual conditions, and

98 THE CHURCH AND THE SOCIAL CONSCIENCE

resolutely bent on securing a closer approximation to the
kingdom of God?

From this point of view, the undoubted devotion of the
Church to all forms of charity and relief does not, you see,
begin to meet the issue. ' ' The business of the Church is not
to pity men. The business of the Church is not to rescue
men from their sufferings by the mere means of material
relief, or even by the means of spiritual reassurance. ' ' That
is not the business of the Church if its business is Christ's
business. Christ did not merely pity the man sick of the
palsy. Neither did Christ merely say to him, "Thy sins
are forgiven thee." He gave him power to take up his bed
and walk. And to make lame men walk, to remedy the causes
of their decrepitude alone will vindicate the Christian con-
science of the Church that bears the name of Christ.

Already the Church rests under the suspicion of being more
interested in charity than in justice, and to that extent its
charity is resented. As a result, the toiler feels, often un-
justly, that its social service is a pretense and a sham. But
the fact remains that we must pass in the operation of our
Church conscience away beyond the notion of charity, and
must swiftly realize that while its business is to care for the
poor, its first business is to remove the causes of poverty. The
criticism may fairly be made that thus far the Church 's social
work has not kept pace with the deepening problems of our
modern world. It is quick and tender to care for victims
of tuberculosis, yet not in condemning the real estate that
produces them ; it is lavish in its gifts to provide hospitals for
the victims of industrial accidents and disease, but not in its
indignation against the industrial greed and carelessness that
cause them ; it gives bountifully to the hungry and the naked.
but it tolerates an antiquated industrial order that breeds
them ; it loves its homes for the aged poor, but it is not keen
about old-age pensions. In a word, the moral code which is
traditionally Christian, needs expansion and revision because
it has not taken note of the change of requirement due to
the passing of the storm center of the modern world from
individual to social problems. An individualistic religion is
not adequate to the needs today.

THE CHURCH AND THE SOCIAL CONSCIENCE 99

The Church has, in each age, done about what it conceived
to be its duty. The trouble has lain in an understanding of
its dut}'. And the supreme duty of the Church today is to
direct its onslaught not only upon personal and individual
vice, but also upon social and collective sin. Until the Church
shows its moral determination that not only individual but
corporate selfishness shall be checked by justice, and that the
economic world shall not proceed solely upon the basis of
self-interest, she cannot exhibit that type of social conscience
which will claim the loyalty of thinking and suffering human-
ity. For the Church is the agent of the Kingdom of God
only in proportion that it is the true instrument and shrine
of that immortal and pervading and all-conquering spirit of
Christ, which to deny is for the Church to lose her birthright
and her glory.

The Church Outside the Church
At this point we are challenged by the serious considera-
tion that for this inclusive, courageous and penetrating moral
conscience, many people today are looking beyond the Church
and not to it. I do not say that it is necessary to do this.
I am only pointing out that this is what many earnest souls
are actually doing. The fact must be faced by every serious
Church lover that ' ' Society has absorbed into its living tissue
a large measure of that idealism of which the Church seemed
once to be the solitary representative."

Society in the twentieth century differs from that of the
thirteenth century, for example, in having moral resources
within itself which render it independent of any single sec-
tion in the pursuit of the highest good. It has well been asked
if the difficulties in which organized Christianity is placed
at the present time, do not arise from the absorption of its
highest idea into the conception and practice of morality out-
side and independent of the Church itself. No man who
faces that question honestly can treat it flippantly. It is a
question of life and death both for the Church and for the
new social order. The Church cannot bear the imputation
that its social conscience is not alive enough, penetrating
enough, to satisfy so many who do represent so much that is
best in modem culture and social passion, so much that is

100 THE CHURCH AND THE SOCIAL CONSCIENCE

earnest in every class of society. Many who have silently
withdrawn from the Church or have lost their faith in it,
are not the frivolous or the unmoral, but men and women
who believe that they can realize Christ's ideas better outside
the Church than through its instrumentality. I believe that
they are tragically mistaken. I only record how they honestly
feel.

And then, there are the thousands of unchurched, passion-
ately in earnest labor leaders themselves. The fact needs
to be faced that there is an immense amount of religion — in
so far as a moral passion, and an instinct for brotherhood, are
elements of a true religion — in the labor movement, taken
in the large, today. Yet for multitudes of these men social-
ism has become a substitute for the Church, and the idealism
of the earthly propaganda has taken the place of the visions
and ideas of the religious faith. Look where you will, then,
you find a vast amount of what must be termed a genuinely
social conscience, which is of the very nature of religion,
operating wholly outside the sphere of the life of organized
Christianity. For myself I cannot view that spectacle with-
out concern — I cannot view it without concern for the Church.
For while I do believe that ultimately Christ will present
the Church to himself a glorious Church not having spot
or wrinkle or any such thing, holy and without blemish, still
I know that if the Church is truly to be itself, if it is to be
the Body of Christ, then it must reincorporate within itself
the spirit of true religion wherever found.

But neither can I view the existence of pure religion apart
from the Church without concern for those who are thus
outside the range of the spiritual message of the Church.
For them also it must mean loss; deadening, saddening loss
and emptiness. For the "one thing needful" today, as al-
ways, comes more from the sanctuary than from any other
source. It puts into human life a joy, a strength, a nobility,
that are precious and permanent. It provides the soul with
a complete spiritual equipment for which, after all has been
said, one just does look elsewhere in vain. The Christian
impulse, more than any other motive, can be made to hold
and to discipline corporate enthusiasm. It may well be asked

THE CHURCH AND THE SOCIAL CONSCIENCE 101

if the social movement can afford to dispense with it, much
less to despise it. Chiefly it is the Church which generates
the spiritual sentiment and above all the spiritual assurance
and confident hope which must go hand-in-hand with culture
and humanitarian passion and devotion, if human life is to
be made sane and sweet and strong. What would it not mean
if these souls could be touched, quickened by a coal from off
the altar of the living God which would replace their noble
melancholy with the confident assurance of St. Paul that
because we are laborers together with God, our labor cannot
and will not be in vain in the Lord ?

The Religion of Justice, Democracy and Brotherhood
One thinks of the mass of handworkers, wage-earners, the
vast industrial army upon whose work depends the structure
and existence of the social order. The social creed of this
multitude of men and women is in many vital respects a
replica of the Gospel message. Justice, democracy, brother-
hood— these are the religion of the world 's industrial workers.
And these are the keynotes of the Gospel of Jesus Christ.
Yet what we discover in at least a large radical element in
this host who hold in their hands and know that they hold
in their hands the future of governments and the very struc-
ture of human society, is the absence of that comfort and that
control which comes from a total understanding of the mes-
sage of Jesus. To one who knows anything of the life of the
people, the thought of them in the midst of the birth and
labor, the sweat and the dying, the pain and the joy of human
existence, devoid of the sure knowledge of God in Jesus Christ
our Lord, is so heart-rending that no one even remotely shar-
ing the Saviour's sympathy can fail to 'know his piercing
compassion beholding the multitudes as sheep having no Shep-
herd.

Think of the social danger of these great popular move-
ments that are sweeping over the Avorld, which no voice or
hand of man can stay or control ; great mass movements un-
erringly and irresistibly directed to the attainment of the
people's right to life, to liberty, and to the pursuit of happi-
ness, undisciplined by the religious motive, without the sober-
ing or the sweetening of the Christian Idea : going forward

102 THE CHURCH AND THE SOCIAL CONSCIENCE

under the dreadful persuasion that Christianity is "the
chloroforming agency of the confiscating classes," that the
notions of individual holiness and responsibility are a delusion
long practiced to hoodwint the people, and that the Christian
religion as a whole, with its hopes and its fears and its teach-
ing of the Invisible and Eternal is an obsolete superstition,
and a positive obstacle to the realization of the Industrial
Program ! Just to state the case is to fill all sober-minded
men with a sense of the sinister possibilities of the modern
social movement unless somehow it be permeated with the
spirit of a true religion and directed by a motive that is
essentially Christian. Without exaggeration it may be said
that the destinies of mankind are involved in the issue.

In whatever direction we look, therefore, we discover that
the times call for the recovery, the assertion and the operation
by the Church of a social conscience both penetrating and
adequate, that will at once win the loyalty of all earnest-
minded men, satisfy the aspirations of the most passionate
lovers of justice and brotherhood, touch the lives of the mul-
titudes with the spiritual quickening which they need, reach
the source and springs of the social currents and movements
of our day and control and direct them toward the ultimate
attainment of the Kingdom of God among men.

This is the great modern missionary movement of the Church
of Jesus Christ. I cannot help being grateful that at such
an hour and with such a task, we are gathered here, a compos-
ite Christian Assembly representing all the interests, all the
resources, all the strength of one historic branch of the catho-
lic Church. Before such a mission, the old distinctions be-
tween home and foreign missions, domestic and distant tasks,
all fade and disappear. There is no near, no distant. The
moral Program of the Church today has no latitude nor longi-
tude. It stands single, universal, four-square. The issue
is world-wide, the same in Bethlehem of Judea as in Bethle-
hem of Pennsylvania. It is not alone for our nation or for
our race. "It has suddenly become obvious that the whole
missionary program of the modern Church, home and foreign,
national and international, demands absolutely the Christian-
izing of the social order."

the church and the social conscience 103

Christ Our Instructor and Guide

For the settlement of this problem, for the performance
of this task, all who love the Church and believe in its divine
commission and appointment will look for instruction and
guidance only to him who loved it and gave himself for it.
All that is needed is that we seek to discover, to recover, if
we can, the accent, the attitude, and the authority of Christ
himself.

First of all, we will seek to recover the accent of Christ.
Taking up what he had to say precisely as if we had never
done so before, we will grasp anew, and seek to utter the
simple, searching teachings of Jesus. I heard sometime ago
with deep interest an essay on the Radicalism of Jesus. The
author took the position that the contribution of Jesus to
the moral and spiritual life of the world lay not so much
in the announcement of new ideas, but in carrying to their
roots and ultimate consequences ideas with which the world
was already somewhat familiar. I am not so sure about the
first part of that statement, but I am absolutely sure about
the last part of it. The prime function and duty of the
Church today is not to evolve new ideas, but to carry to their
roots ideas with which it has long been familiar. This is the
kind of radicalism which we need today, and the only kind.
To this degree every Christian preacher and disciple should
be a religious radical in our modern world.

What Love Means

Here are the familiar teachings of Jesus, about love, about
brotherhood, about justice. Jesus carried the notion of love
to its roots. It means that a Jew should love a Samaritan, and
that a Pharisee should love a publican. It means that Dives
should love Lazarus, and Simon the woman who was a sinner.
The Church for the recovery of a true social conscience has
only to insist that men love one another in the same radical
reach of that doctrine. It means that a white man will love
a Negro ; that an American will love one whom he is some-
times pleased to call a ' ' dago " ; it means that a workman will
love his master, and that an employer will love his employee.
It means that the Church will love men and women and little

104 THE CHURCH AND THE SOCIAL CONSCIENCE

children in a different way from the generalized and poeti-
cized forms of love contained in repetition of Bible verses
and the singing of hymns. "When a mother loves," as an
eloquent English chaplain has reminded us, "though she be
a queen, she becomes interested in soap and water, sheets and
blankets, boots and clothing, and many other mundane things.
And when the Church loves, she will have something to say
about rents and wages, houses and workshops, food and cloth-
ing, and many other things. Where is the Church's mother^
love? Where is her fierce mother- wrath as she sees her chil-
dren trampled in the mire ..." and preventable destitution
and poverty wasting the bodies and souls of men ? When the
Church knows the radicalism of Jesus in the sphere of love,
it will give the lie at once to the statement that what falls
within the range of economics falls below the proper level of
the priesthood in its best estate ; it will elevate to commanding
view Jesus' estimate of the worth of a human soul. Now
that is radical teaching. That is what Sylvester Home has
called it — a romantic Creed. "It means that the soul of a
Negro laborer, whether on the Congo or in the Cotton-belt,
is of more value than all the diamonds of Kimberly, than
all the millions of all the magnates of America, and that one
of these little children, conceived in lust, born in poverty,
and doomed to degradation, whether in China or in Chicago,
is of more value to him than all the suns and moons and stars
that people infinite space."

When the Church loves as Jesus loved, it will remember
that a part of our population still lives in houses so wretched
that whereas the average mortality of children under five
years of age is fifty-one per thousand, in these wretched tene-
ments, some of them owned by church people, it mounts as high
as ninty-two per thousand; and whereas the deaths from tu-
berculosis in the community as a whole are five per thousand,
among the dwellers in these houses they are thirty-five per
thousand. Also the Church will have something to say about
an economic system which kills thirty-five hundred miners
and thousands of railroad emploj^ees in a year — a proportion
far in excess of any other civilized land.

the church and the social conscience 105

The Meaning of Brotherhood
Jesus' teaching concerning brotherhood carried it to its
roots. It cut straight across national pride, race prejudice
and class consciousness. And it will today, if we know how
to utter it with the accent of Christ. That one simple prin-
ciple will cause the Church to stand squarely for a new inter-
national brotherhood and sisterhood of nations, to replace that
selfish and sinister nationalism which shot our world to pieces
and headed civilization for the shambles. It will make Ameri-
cans not only willing but eager in their strength and liberty
to become the big brothers of the helpless Armenian popu-
lation across the seas. It will mean that the Church will
stand four-square for that democracy in industry, that broth-
erhood between employer and employee without which anar-
chy will replace law and bloodshed will take the place of
order and peace. When the Church utters the principle of
brotherhood with the accent of Christ, it will have something
fresh to say about the treatment of the immigrant and the
worth of a civilization which last year permitted three hun-
dred lynchings.

The Meaning of Justice
Jesus carried the elementary principle of justice to its
roots, and it caused him to heap anathemas of denunciation
upon the orthodox of his day who would not so much as
touch with their fingers the burden that was crushing the
lives out of widows and orphans. When the Church recovers
the accent of Christ, it will have a new word to speak con-
cerning an economic order which even in these days allows
two per cent, of the population to own sixty per cent, of the
wealth, and leaves sixty-five per cent, of the population with
but five per cent, of the wealth, and decrees that nine-tenths
of the employees in manufacturing and transportgition indus-
tries east of the Rocky Mountains and north of Mason and
Dixon's line, shall receive less than eight hundred dollars
per annum, and that the average wage of twelve million
unskilled laborers shall be only five hundred dollars per an-
num.

In all of this, the Church is being no more, but also no less,
revolutionary than Christ himself. It is simply facing the

106 THE CHURCH AND THE SOCIAL CONSCIENCE

modern economic world with the trenchant judgments of
its Master, It is simply replacing a conscience which has been
too conventional and complacent with the piercing conscience
of Christ himself. If this be called radicalism, it is simply
the radicalism of Christ which alone can remove the selfish
cancer from the heart of humanity and preserve it to health
and peace and righteousness.

In all of this also the Church will be no respecter of per-
sons any more than was Christ himself. It will utter its
message of love, of brotherhood and of justice, cut where
it may. The democracy for which it stands, will tolerate
neither the dictation of capital nor of labor. If it rebukes
the capitalist who substitutes "welfare work" for the ideals
of a fundamental partnership in the great processes of pro-
duction, manufacture and distribution, it will rebuke also
organizations of labor which are themselves unfraternal and
undemocratic in their outlook and program and threaten to
overturn the very structure of society for ends which are
admittedly material and selfish. It will talk to men — all men
— not of their rights and privileges so much as of their duties
and obligations. It will never take sides; or rather it will
take the side of the line which Jesus took. The line he drew
was not a horizontal line. Horizontal lines talk of upper
and lower, rich and poor, master and servant, educated and
ignorant, native and foreign. But the perpendicular line
which Jesus drew pierces through them all and talks only
of right and left, darkness and light, sin and righteousness,
right and wrong, justice and injustice, selfishness and un-
selfishness, life and death. To speak with the accent of Christ
is to take sides with Christ.

The Attitude of Christ

And when the Church has thus regained the accent of
Christ, it will recover also his attitude. It will, that is, be
profoundly discontented with conventional definitions of good-
ness and with the mere maintenance of ecclesiastical tradition
in its pursuit of righteousness. I need not remind you what
a non-conformist Jesus was in these respects. And when the
Christianity of the Church more nearly approximates that
of Christ, its whole ethical attitude will be reinvigorated and

THE CHURCH AND THE SOCIAL CONSCIENCE Id 7

enlarged. Its definitions of goodness will be broadened and
made adequate to the life of our modern world. The daj'
will have passed when a man will be pronounced "good"
by the Church who lives a respectable private life, observes
the technical pieties and the ecclesiastical proprieties, but
may be sinning in his business life and commercial relations
against the most elementary principles of honorableness and
brotherliness. It will not tolerate a standard of goodness far
below that which the world outside the Church will admit
or recognize.

And the moral aims of the Church will expand. For aside
from the splendid altruism of foreign missions, the Church
has not yet begun "to hitch the big motives of her faith to
big enough jobs of service. " " Often, ' ' to quote Bishop Wil-
liams, "she has seemed to use a Corliss engine to run a toy."
The list of activities which she has offered have seemed tech-
nical and dilettante. Social service still means for her too
often a round of charitable errands, or a system of charity
relief. She neglects many of the numerous evils flourishing
within sight and sound of her steeples, and attaches exag-
gerated importance to matters of far less ethical concern. Too
often she seems apathetic toward the burning questions of
sexual immorality, undoubted economic injustices, corporate
dishonesty and individual greed, whether upon the part of
capital or labor — while making, for example, frenzied efforts
to stop Sunday baseball. What the day calls for is not the
furtherance by the Church of a set of prohibitions ; but pro-
phetic leadership into the domain of ideas that will warm
the soul and inspire men first to love and then to do the right.

The Authority of Christ
To speak with the accent of Christ, and to reproduce the
attitude of Christ, it is necessary to turn to the very springs
and source of the spiritual authority of Christ. It must
all flow out from the center. The solution of the social ques-
tion for Christ all proceeded from the relation of the human
soul to God. It was Jesus' doctrine of God that gave meaning
and passion to his teaching concerning the relation of man
to mian ; and nothing short of the recover^^ of a spiritual au-
thority which comes and comes only from a fresh apprehen-

108 THE CHURCH AND THE SOCIAL CONSCIENCE

sion of the whole Gospel of redemption can equip the Church
for the performance of its task and mission to our modern
world. As one of our own theologians has reminded us, it
is not a question of a method so much as it is a question of
a message. "With what did St. Paul face the social inequali-
ties and crimes of the ancient world? He faced it with the
eighth of Romans — the grandest charter of the world's ulti-
mate liberties that the world has ever known : and that Gospel
he declared with authority and confidence. These are not
the days to turn our backs upon the theology of the New
Testament. These are the days to recover it. What the
times call for is a revival of understanding of the social
meaning and power of the Gospel. The ultimate aid which
the Church can render to our stricken world today lies in the
joyful, confident and authoritative proclamation of its spiri-
tual message.

For the only hope that this world will ever be a better
world is that you and I somehow shall become better men and
women. ''I do not know," Secretary Lansing said at Boston,
at the meeting of the American Bar Association, ''that the
world will ever be better, until it is spiritually regenerated. ' '
"Good men," said Mazzini, "make bad organizations good,
and bad men make good organizations bad." "If we really
want the new world, we must provide the new men to make
it." And to make a bad man good, and a good man better,
to make the kind of man who alone can remake the world into
the Kingdom of our Lord and his Christ, there is no substi-
tute for the Gospel of him who loved us and gave himself for
us. At such an hour as this, we want not less theology, but
more of it; we need all the redemption there is. It is as
we seek to understand anew, to proclaim afresh and live out
with renewed meaning and devotion the height, the depth,
the length and the breadth of the love of God in Christ Jesus
our Lord, that he will at length present to himself a glorious
Church not having spot or wrinkle or any such thing, holy
and without blemish. God grant it, for his Name's sake.
Amen.

REPORT OF EXECUTR^E COMMITTEE

All members designated by the last Council have served
throughout the biennium. One meeting was held in Chicago,
one in Hartford, two in Boston and four in New York. The
range of interests cared for and the method of procedure
were much the same as those of the preceding biennium de-
scribed in the 1917 report.

Office Organization

In October, 1918, Rev. Oscar E. Harris, who had served
for nearly three years as Assistant to the Secretary, died of
influenza. His service in the Council office was of great
value and his loss is keenly felt. The Committee has en-
deavored in various ways to show its sympathy with his
parents and his immediate family in their bereavement. The
care of the executive detail of the office was assigned to Miss
Eleanore W. Nichols, who has been with the Council since
1914. She has carried forward the duties devolving upon her
with marked efficiency.

The Committee has considered with unusual care the
question of a successor to Mr. Harris. It is perfectly clear
that in justice to the Council's affairs its Secretary should
have associated with him a man capable of carrying forward
with independent judgment not only routine responsibilities,
but also the special matters continually arising out of the
relations of the Council office to denominational agencies and
interdenominational affairs. The Committee is therefore pur-
posing at an early date, with your approval, to engage an
Assistant Secretary capable of carrj'ing under the Secretary's
general direction the wide range of duties indicated.

Finances

The Treasurer's report for 1917 and 1918 are before you
in printed form. The Executive Committee secured the audit-
ing of these accounts for 1917 by Herbert F. French & Co.,
and for 1918 by Mr. S. F. Wilkins, the Assistant Treasurer of
the Congregational Education Society, and has their certifi-

110 REPORT OF EXECUTWE COMMITTEE

cates as to the accuracy of the same. In its last report the
Committee made the following statement :

"It is prepared to use its best endeavor to care for the
Council's business on the present basis of income and, if pos-
sible, to come up to the next Council with a small balance in
the treasury."

It is a pleasure to report that this has been achieved although
the balance is so small as to require continuance of a bank
loan of $1500, in order to provide current working capital.

As in the previous biennium the Committee has carried
the funds used for promoting the Tercentenary Program in
a separate account. The sources of income have been gifts
of individuals, a grant from the Mission Boards for salar^^
and travelling expenses of Dr. Scudder and a small amount
from regular Council receipts. It will be necessary for this
Fund to meet the expenses of the International Council meet-
ing next year. No careful estimate has as yet been made of
those expenses but they will of course greatly exceed any
amount now at our disposal. The Committee on the Inter-
national Council will submit a resolution bearing on this
matter.

The Per Capita

The Committee has been resolute in its endeavor to carry
forward the Council's work without asking for an increase
of revenue. If economic conditions had remained normal it
is confident that this could still be done. But with the un-
precedented rise in prices it is plain that to continue the four
cents per capita basis would mean serious loss to denomina-
tional interests. How serious the problem is will be realized
when it is noted that the enforced increase in the annual
cost of the Year Book is nearly $5000, in other printing
from $1000 to $2000 and in secretarial and clerical salaries
approximately $2500.

The Committee, therefore, submits for the Council's con-
sideration the question of increase. In so doing it names
a figure which does not fully cover the added costs above
named. It believes that through certain adjustments and
economies it can cover the necessary budget with a half cent
advance. A recommendation to this effect will be presented.

report of executive committee hi

Delegates' Expenses

The question of paying the traveling expenses of Conneil
delegates has been repeatedly before the Council and was
fully covered in our last report. The Committee after a
fresh review of the subject is convinced that the time has
come to take action looking toward such payment. Our
present method is undemocratic, prevents continuity of serv-
ice and imposes unjustitiable hardships. It will take time
and some experimentation to put in force a plan of payment.
A beginning should be made at once.

In the resolutions on this point appended to this report
it is proposed that one cent be added to the per capita ex-
pressh' for this purpose. Whether this will fully meet the
railway fare of the delegates it is wholly impossible to say,
since the cost will vary with the location of the meeting,
the continuance or discontinuance of the present half-fare
clergy rates and the scale of passenger tariffs which may be
established in the future. The most that can be said is that
a careful study has been made of the probable amount
expended by delegates to the present Council, and it is
believed that it falls well within the amount named.

It will also be noted that by the suggested resolutions
participation in the travel fund is limited to Conferences
and Associations which have met their per capita pa^Tuents
in full. Tliis proposal does not involve the withdrawal of
any present privileges enjoyed by non-contributing churches.
The Year Book, the Minutes and the seiwices of the Council
office are at their disposal as heretofore. Only the added
privilege involving a specific payment to their representa-
tives would be conditional upon their participation in the
maintenance of the Council's budget.

Your Committee is clear that the assuming of no expenses
other than the railway fare should be a permanent policy.
The reasons for this were set forth in the last report and
need not be repeated here. If the entire sum of about $16,000
secured by the one cent added should not be needed for those
expenses, the remainder should be devoted to other costs of
the Council meeting.

112 report of executive committee

The Year Book
The cost of the 1916 Year Book was slightly over $6000.
The cost of the 1918 Year Book was nearly $11,000. Every
item entering into its production and distribution has been
radically increased. The Committee has canvassed the whole
matter with care. It has asked itself whether the churches
would prefer a. reduction in the size of the book through
elimination of many of the statistical columns, whether a
more restricted circulation would be acceptable, whether those
receiving it w-ould be willing to pay the cost of packing and
shipment, etc. In each case it has been the judgment of
the Committee that the churches would prefer continuance
of the present form of the book with free distribution to all
ministers and to church clerks upon request. If the Council
deems this judgment wrong it should express its mind at
the present meeting.

Minutes of The Council

It is the purpose of the Committee, unless otherwise
instructed, to issue the Minutes of the Council in substantially
the same form as in 1917. The volume will thus include the
record of Council actions, the reports of Officers, Commissions,
Committees and Mission Boards, with the address of the
Moderator and the sermon of the Council preacher, a total of
over 400 pages. Much valuable material contained in other
addresses fails by this method to be preserved. The Committee
believes, however, that the amount of circulation and reading
secured for such matter if printed would not justify the
cost. No objection has been expressed to the plan of dis-
tribution followed in 1917, viz : a free copy to each delegate,
to each national and state executive, and to pastors upon
request. The plan appears, therefore, the proper one to fol-
low for the forthcoming volume.

Council Meeting
Each of the last two Council meetings has been eight days
in length. Great difficulty has been found in covering the
themes and interests which naturally call for review. This
3'ear the program committee, confronted by unprecedented
conditions in church and state, felt it imperative to ask for

REPORT OF EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 113

an additional day. This was approved b}' your Committee.
Through omission of the final evening session and some
curtailment of the first and last afternoon the actual addition
of time is, however, onh' four hours. Much work and some
expense have been devoted to the effort to secure a large
attendance at this meeting. Your Committee believes that the
biennial Council meeting ought not only to transact the busi-
ness with which it is charged and pass upon the doings and
policies of its various agencies, but that it should be also a
denominational rally and forum where, so far as possible, all
matters of current concern to the Kingdom are passed in
review.

Printed ^Matter.

Steady progress has been made in issuing printed matter
designated to be of use to pastors and church leaders. In
order that there may be co-ordination of effort, an editorial
board has been informally created consisting of representa-
tives of the Council, the Education Society and the Pilgrim
Press, under whose care all publications of this sort are
prepared. These appear with the imprint of, and are fur-
nished by, the Pilgrim Press. A small price is charged, which,
though it does not cover the cost of manufacture, serves to
simplify the problem of distribution. The Pilgrim Press
furnishes a catalogue on application. Recent issues are a
series of six leaflets outlining the chief features of the six
departments of church life, a leaflet on "The Fellowship
Canvass" and one on "The Marks of an Efficient Church."
Certain kinds of printed matter designed for special uses,
such as those connected with the Every Member Drive of
last year, are handled by the Council and distributed without
charge.

Council Commissions

The Executive Committee has continued to use its best
efforts in the difficult and delicate task of voting grants
for furthering the w^ork of the various Commissions. It is
plain that funds at our disposal do not permit the inaugura-
tion of an aggressive program of service by these Commissions.
On the other hand, it is essential that some money be placed

114 REPORT OF EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

at their disposal if they are to do anything at all. The
Committee has endeavored rightly to appraise the relative
needs and to meet them in a balanced way. So far as it is
aware its efforts have met the approval of the Commissions
concerned. Last year the expenses of the Commission on
Missions were $632, and of other Commissions, $721.

The Committee has also sought to serve the various Council
agencies in a co-operative way. Among other things it has
recently invited the various Chairmen within reasonable dis-
tance of New York to meet in joint conference concerning the
whole range of interests entrusted to the Council.

Lay Representation.

It appears to your Committee that it is high time for
a vigorous movement to secure a larger lay participation in
our denominational affairs. In far too large degree these
are loaded upon the ministry. This is contrary to the spirit
of our polity and to the demands of good sense. Continuous
and thoughtfully directed effort should be put forth to cor-
rect it.

This state of things cannot be cured either by the
ministry or the laity acting alone. There must be on the
part of the ministry a studious endeavor to make place for
laymen and laywomen in the counsels of the churches and on
the part of the laity a willingness to accept responsibilities, to
study church problems and to devote time to their solution.
It is a matter of common knowledge that the minister through
his intimacy with and fluency concerning matters in hand
often unconsciously crowds the laymen out of the path of
service. It is a matter of equally common knowledge that
the laymen often so under-estimate the importance or shrink
from the demands of the duties tendered them as to compel
the ministers to assume disproportionate responsibility
whether they will or no. There is no short cut to the cure of
these twin evils. Only by the patient endeavor of both groups
can they be overcome. A resolution bearing upon this matter
is herewith submitted.

Location of The Council Office
A resolution is appended authorizing the transfer of
the Council office to New York. This recommendation is

REPORT OF EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 115

made with miicli reluctance since it contemplates removal
from the historic centre of our denominational strength. But
it appears to your Committee that the gains will so far out-
weigh the losses as to make the step wholly wise. The experi-
ence of the past six years has proven that the Commission
of Nineteen was entirely. right in its estimate of the kind and
volume of service which the Council office can render the
churches. Year by year the lines of relationship have been
multiplying. It thus becomes a matter of growing concern
that the office shall be located at the point which shall enable
the Secretar}^ and those associated with him to meet the
manifold demands upon them with the minimum expenditure
of time and strength.

An analysis of our denominational distribution makes it
clear that at the present time New York is the only import-
ant centre fulfilling that condition. Of our total membership
400,714 are w^est of the eastern line of Ohio, 377,213 east of
that line and 30,488 south of Mason and Dixon's line. It
would appear evident that to those living in the West and
South, New York is not only more central than Boston in
actual miles of travel, but is also still more central in the
iriultiplicity of routes radiating from it and the frequency
ivith which it is visited on errands of business, pleasure or
public service. In other words, for fifty-four per cent of
the denomination there is no room for debate as to the ques-
tion of centrality. Turning to the other forty-six per cent
it will be found that Boston and New York are on much the
same footing, each having within a radius of 200 miles ap-
proximately 300,000 Congregationalists.

The net effect of the situation thus described is that the
Secretary or Secretaries connected with the Council office
can reach our total constituency with distinctly greater ease
from New York than from Boston. It is also true that laymen
and ministers from a large portion of the country having
occasion to visit the office will do so much more readily and
fre(iuently at New York than at Boston because of the pos-
sibility of combining various interests in a single trip. In
like way experience has proven that denominational commit-
tees of national scope must ordinarily hold their meetings in

116 REPORT OF EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

New York. The location of the office at that place not only
enables the Secretaries to attend such meetings with less labor^
but also puts the records of the office witliin ready reach of the
committees.

The second main aspect of the question is the relation
of the location of the Council's office to effective leader-
ship in interdenominational efforts. It is a matter of common
knowledge that these bulk large in the present day life of the
Church and are rapidly growing larger. It is equally well
known that Congregationalism, by virtue of its organization,
teachings and spirit, is exceptionally fitted to promote the
unified development of Protestantism. Special responsibility
in this field naturally rests with the Council office. But here
emerges a grave difficulty under existing conditions. Most
of the national offices of the leading denominations are in
New York or Philadelphia. Practically all national inter-
denominational agencies, whether educational, reformatory,
research or religious, head up in New York. Examples readily
suggest themselves, such as the Federal Council, the Y. M.
C. A. and Y. W. C. A., the American Bible Society, the
Foreign Missions Conference, the Home Missions Council, the
National Child Labor Committee and the Church Peace
Union. Participation in the work of these organizations,^
as well as helpful contact with the offices of other denomina-
tions, demands that our own national office be in physical
proximity to them. Ordy thus can the personal acquaintance
which is essential to influence or attendance upon needful
meetings be secured. The Secretary of the Council can spare
from imperative denominational duties only a minimum of
time for interdenominational work. If this time is largely
spent in travel and subject to the handicaps just indicated he
will necessarily count for very little in that work. The hope
of the coming unity of Christendom is a thing so near all
our hearts that we are bound to attach much importance to
any measure which promises to help make it real.

Error in 1917 Minutes
It was discovered after the 1917 minutes were issued that
an amendment which was voted to By-Law XVII had been

REPORT OF EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 117

■omitted by a clerical error. The original copy of the Assist-
ant Secretary's minutes has been preserved and contains the
€ntry of the action. The amendment in question was intro-
duced by Prof. L. F. Anderson of Walla Walla, Wash., and
substituted the word ''Christian" for the word "Evangeli-
cal.' ' The By-Law as amended reads as follows : ' ' The
Council as occasion may arise will hold communication with
the general Congregational bodies of other lands and with
the general ecclesiastical organizations of other churches of
the Christian faith in our own land by delegates appointed by
the Council or its Executive Committee. ' ' The Committee has
made the requisite correction in the Minutes.

Church Assistants.

There is growing evidence that the efforts of recent years
to emphasize the importance of the work of Church Assistants
are bearing fruit. In the nature of the case, time and pains
will be required to standardize and develop this type of
service. But the roll of nearly three hundred names of
"Church Assistants in the Year Book and the constant in-
quiries from churches and workers which reach the Secretary
of the League of Congregational Church Assistants clearly
indicate the substantial significance of the service rendered
in this field. Your Committee repeats with emphasis its
appeal of two years ago :

"The Committee is clear that we should push ahead (in the
matter of Church Assistants) until, on the one hand, it is
generally perceived by the churches that they should carry
forward their work upon a generous basis and with the enlist-
ment of varied forms of talent, and on the other hand an
increasing number of carefully trained women may be led to
take up this fruitful type of Christian leadership."

The Congregationalist and Advance

Your Committee was charged by the last Council with the
care of final details connected with the purchase of the Ad-
vance by the Publishing Society. These were completed and
the Committee's relation to the subject terminated. It has,
however, understood that the spirit of the resolution authoriz-

118 REPORT OF EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

ing the purchase required the continued exercise of helpful
co-operation so far as might lie in the Committee's power. In
various ways, therefore, it has sought to aid in extending the
circulation of the paper. Among other things, it has arranged
through the gifts of generous individuals for sending a year's
subscription to nearly six hundred of our pastors not pre-
viously on the list. When it is remembered that the swift
rise in the cost of living has not been at once accompanied by
corresponding salary increases, no one will need to be told
that for the average pastor every item of expenditure must
be carefully scrutinized and that to many of them just at
the present time such a gift would be welcome.

The Committee embraces this opportunity to remind the
Council afresh of the vital importance of putting forth every
effort to secure a wide reading of our denominational paper.
There are three fundamental services rendered by such an
organ, any one of which constitutes ample ground for such
effort.

In the first place it promotes acquaintance and inter-rela-
tionship. With 6000 churches scattered over a vast area,
composed of varied races and types of people living under
.videly different conditions, it is utterly impossible to secure
common vision and united championship of the principles of
liberty, democracj^ and enlightenment, which constitute the
reason for our denominational existence, unless we know one
another and have some means of speaking with one another.
The various forms of church news which to the casual reader
may seem unimportant are indispensable elements in promot-
ing that reciprocal helpfulness by which alone a group of
churches can be built up in wise methods and in spiritual
power. It is painful and depressing to reflect that some of
our pastors and the vast majority of our members go from
year's end to year's end wholly uninformed and in appearance
wholly unconcerned as to what is being thought, said and done
in sister churches of common tradition and outlook. We can-
not excuse ourselves if we fail to put forth the most strenuous
effort to correct this condition.

In the second place a denominational paper makes it pos-
sible for our churches to conduct effectively their commou

REPORT OF EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 119

undertakings. Our world wide missions, our noble educational
eciuipnient, our social and evangelistic activities are dependent
upon the intelligent and generous support of our people.
How can we possibly obtain this if we liave no means of ad-
vising them as to what is planned or achieved ? Just now we
are engaged in raising $5,000,000 for old age pensions. It
is a project which appeals to every one who hears of it. But
it is only b}' the most prodigal expenditure of effort that the
Commission is able to acquaint our constituency with its
appeal. Even when it reaches the average Congregationalist,
it finds him unprepared because he is not a reader of the only
publication through which it is possible repeatedly to set fortli
the project we have at heart. Before us lies a momentous
anniversary year. Its possibilities for the quickening of in-
terest in great human and divine issues are very great. Their
realization depends upon our power to communicate with the
people of the churches and such communication is largely
dependent upon the wide use of our denominational paper.
Other methods can be used and are used. But they are rela-
tively ineffective and would not be needful if instead of reach-
ing twenty or thirty thousand families the Congregationalist
and Advance were able to reach two hundred thousand.

Last of all, a denominational organ has a broad educational
value. It surveys the field of current world affairs and strives
to interpret them in terms of the Christian faith. It repeats
and enforces in varied forms the unchanging verities of the
Gospel of Christ. It promotes intelligence, quickens emotion
and summons to service. The interests of reform, of philan-
thropy, of social justice, of civic purity, of Christian union
and of international good will are passed in review from week
to week. Its pages are a constant corrective to the parochial
and provincial narrowness of which we are all in danger. But
how can it aid and how^ can it enlighten those who never see it ?

All of these services are being rendered by our denomina-
tional paper with conspicuous fidelity and ability. Its fair-
ness of temper and its breadth of sympathy are everywhere
evident. The courage of its editors is repeatedly revealed in
the championship of views known to be unwelcome to large
bodies of its readers. Its sound social sense and warm evan-

120 REPORT OP EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

gelical quality all can see. Its variety of contents, its attrac-
tiveness and its vigor are matters of remark by many outside
our communion. All that is needed, therefore, is vigorous
backing on the part of the denomination, a broadening con-
stituency to which to minister, and such increase of financial
resources as shall make possible features of service long desired
by the management but at present wholly beyond their power.

REPORT OF CORPORATION FOR THE NATIONAL

COUNCIL

By action of the National Council at its 1917 meeting the
Corporation was charged with the care of moneys contributed
to the Pilgrim Memorial Fund. The trust thus created has
greatly increased the variety and amount of the Corporation 's
responsibilities. In view of the desirability of having the
membership more compactly located geographically and also
of having it articulated with that of the Pilgrim Fund Com-
mission, the resignations of members of the Corporation were
offered and acted upon in succession, with filling of vacancies
in such manner as to secure the ends named.
The list of officers is now as follows :

President William Horace Day

First Vice-President Simeon E. Baldwin

Second Vice-President Epapheoditus Peck

Secretary Hubert C. Herring

Treasurer B. H. Fancher

''B. H. Fancher
is. H. Miller

Finance Committee /Samuel Woolverton

Willard E. Edmister
■ Russell S. Walker

Custodian of Funds — The Bankers Trust Company,
of New York.

Auditors — Hurdman & Cranstoun, Certified Ac-
countants.

Frequent meetings have been held throughout the biennium
for consideration of the business and legal questions involved
in the proper care of the funds conveyed and to be conveyed
to the Corporation by the Pilgrim Fund Commission. Under
the terms of the action taken by the Council the net income
as determined by the Corporation from funds thus received
is to be turned over to the Trustees of the Annuity Fund for
Congregational Ministers.

122 REPORT OF THE CORPORATION

The Treasurer's report for 1918 is as follows
"A" ACCOUNT

Cash Reckipts
191S
June 12 Rec'd from H. Edw. Thurston.

Former Treas

$81.33

June 12

Int. on bonds C. R. Q. & P.

due Jan.. 'IS

40.00

June 12

" Int. on bonds Kan. Cty. M.

& B. due March. 1918. .

10.00

Aug. 1

" Int. on bonds Mo. Pac. Ry.

due August 1, 1918

25.00

1918
June 14

Aug. 19

Aug. 31

DiSBUKSEMENTS

By U. S. Guarantee Co. (Pay-
ment on Treasurer's Bond) . . $25.00

This account was reimbursed by

Pilgrim Mem'l Fund, Expense

Account, April 21, 1919, for the

above item.

By J. J. Walker, Treas. Nat'l
Council for income received to
date 100.00

By Commission on Bond Collec-
tion .25

Balance in bank December 31, 1918

$156.33

125.25

$31.08

"B" ACCOUNT

Cash Receipts

191S
Oct. 29 Mrs. Katherine S. Whitin Legacy $10,000.00
Dec. 28 Mr. Woolsey Legacy 500.00

Balance in bank December 81, 1918

$10,500.00

BOND RECEIPTS FOR CORPORATION

Anglo French $10,000.00

1st Liberty Loan 3]^ % 25,700.00

1st " " 4's 1,000.00

1st " " 4^% 1,100.00

2nd " " 4's 300.00

2nd " " 4%% 11.350.00

3rd " " 4^% 20,100.00

4th " " 4J4% ; 31,250.00

W. S. S. 1918 Issue 100.00

$100,900.00

REPORT OF THE CORPORATION 123

PILGRIM MEMORIAL, FUND INCOME

"C" ACCOUNT

Receipts
191S
Dec. 31 Interest received on bonds to date $1,925.01
Interest received from banlc on

deposits 4.7.")

.$1,929.7G

Disbursements
191S
Dee. 31 By Commission for collection of

Interest on bonds 19.22

Balance in bank December 31, 1918 .$1,910.54

CONDITIONAL GIFT ACCOUNT

Receipts
191S
Oct. 30 Mrs. Flora M. Kitcliell $500.00

Balance in bank December 31, 1918 $500.00

BOND RECEIPTS FOR CONDITIONAL GIFT ACCOUNT

1918

Nov. 20 Miss Mary Mills

1st Liberty Loan 4^ % $1,000.00

Dec. 16 Charlotte Lothrop

2nd Libertv Loan 4%% 200.00

3rd " " 414% 100.00

4th " " 4:%% 100.00

$1,400.00

The income on bonds with par vahie of $3500 received
some years since from the Trea.snrer of the National Council,
has, as in past years, been paid to such treasurer.

Up to the present time the Corporation has no salaried
•officers nor expense for rental. Practically the only charge
against the funds held by it is, therefore, the commission paid
The Bankers Trust Company for its services as Custodian
of the Funds.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE COUNCIL

As in past years I remind the Council that my activities
have, for the most part, had direct relation to its various
Commissions and Committees. To report upon them would
be to cover the ground of reports already in your hands. The
portion of my service lying outside this field does not furnish
material for comment. You would not be interested in the
story of the journeys made, the addresses delivered, the con-
ferences shared, the interviews held and the letters written.
I need only say that for another biennium I have tried to-
discharge the duty assigned me, have found pleasure in my
work and come to its close with gratitude to God for the
privilege of sharing in the service of His Kingdom and to my
fellow Congregationalists for the fellowship I have enjoyed
and the kindnesses shown me.

I do not need to tell you that I believe in organization.
Otherwise I should not have accepted the tasks which have
fallen to my lot the past thirteen years. Dry and irksome
as the duties of an ecclesiastical official often are, they form
an essential part of the foundation upon which must be built
the City of God. No man need feel that in discharging these
duties he is forbidden to make full use of his powers. Though
he be a hewer of wood and a drawer of water, he is yet work-
ing in fundamental ways for the conserving and perpetuating
of the spiritual assets of humanity.

On the other hand I do not need to tell you that I hold
some things to be more important than organization. Offices
and officials, commissions and committees, budgets and au-
dits, conferences and councils, programs and campaigns, are
as the dry leaves which litter the roadside these October
days unless in them there dwell the forces of life. The Church
of , Christ has often had occasion and now has occasion to
mourn the disproportion between structure and spirit. Her
plant is greater than her power. Her program tarries for
want of dynamic. It is of some aspects of these needed vital
forces that I desire to speak.

•REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE COUNCIL 125

I begin with certain convictions which I suppose I hold
in common with substantially all our Congregational fellow-
ship.

First of all is the conviction that the last five j'ears have
freshly demonstrated that the Gospel of Christ and nothing
but the Gospel of Christ can meet and master the problems
of man and of men. I use the word "Gospel" in no vague
and poetic sense. I mean the Good News that humanity bears
the stamp of divinity, that the Infinite God loves the world
he has made and that he has revealed his love by one supreme
and central manifestation of himself in Christ Jesus, our
Lord, Son of God and Son of Man. The fierce war years
behind us have revealed the inadequacy of all faiths, philoso-
phies, civilizations, cultures — save one. The universal Repub-
lic of God, whose capital is a cross-crowned hill, whose law
is the spirit of the child, whose industry' is the service of
the race, whose prizes are joy and peace, and whose hopes
stretch past the black shadows of age and the grave — that
Republic stands untouched by the flames. The Gospel of
Christ by which that Republic was created and by which it
is to be brought to its destined goal is our one answer to
the questions with which the hour is filled. To interpret that
Gospel into the terms of the decisions which men must makf^
is our supreme business. It is a business whose bulk and
<',omplexity oppress the spirit. As a mere matter of words
— of theorj' — of advice — what shall one say to the Senators
vfho wrangle over the League of Nations, to the conferees who
debate the problems of industry, to the strikers who surge
up and down the land, to the employers upon whom rests
the responsibility of supplying human needs, to the teachers,
to the home keepers, to all the men and women who make or
m.ar their weaving of the fabric of life.

But when you pass beyond the field of speech and en-
deavor to live your advice, to incarnate it in the deeds of
groups and of institutions, when most of all you seek to
give it body and power in the Church of Christ, how baffling
is the task. Verily these are days for clear heads and warm
hearts and victorious faith. I place on record in this hour
your persuasion and mine that those who have such heads
and hearts and faith shall under God find a way to lead

126 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE COUNCIL

the world through its wilderness wanderings to the Land
of Promise.

I pass to a second certainty. It is that so far as we Con-
gregationalists are concerned we must proclaim a Gospel of
breadth. I use the phrase with no controversial bias toward
any who cannot accept it. I simply seek to state what I
suppose to be the unquestioned fact that Congregationalists
are as a rule Broad Churchmen. Speaking then for those
who accept the' term, let me catalogue the compulsions it
lays upon us. First of all the compulsion to give recognition
to the whole range of truth. "We have no option in the mat-
ter. The tyranny of conviction is upon us. We are under
bonds to relate our thinking to the whole wide field. We do
not realize the full force of this except by contrast. On a
certain comer of a certain street in the City of New York
there is a preacher who proclaims, Sunday by Sunday, his
philosophy of the universe. He has it all charted with minute
accuracy. From the far past counsels of the Eternal, when
some were chosen to life and some to death, down through
the Garden of Eden, where a wilful woman and a silly man
sprung the trap which engulfed the race in ruin, on to a
strange Christ Avho died to satisfy the justice of an avenging
Deity and still on to a nearby future date when that Christ
will return with all the pageantry of Heaven to sweep with
the besom of his wrath this sin-cursed world and bear his
elect away to a haven of refuge — along the whole line our
preacher is perfectly at home, — so much at home that he does
not hesitate to brand with every offensive epithet those who
reject his views. I mention this man, not because he is worth
mentioning, but because he calls to our minds types of only less
impossible teaching under which some millions of our fellow'
Protestants — not to speak of our Roman Catholic brethren —
still sit. The battle for a rational Gospel is not yet won.
Our fathers dedicated us to the winning of it. We accept
the dedication. There is no discharge in this war.

In the next place we are under compulsion to proclaim a
broad Gospel of unity. We have long known that the spirit
of schism, of sectarianism, is of the devil. We have long
known, or at least now know, that there is a bigotry of
breadth even as there is a bigotrv of narrowness. We know

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OP THE COUNCIL 127

that those who share great fundamental convictions can work
together even though sharply divided on every lesser issue.
We also know — I hope — that the unity for which we pray csm
only come through a hard won ability to understand the value
of positions other than one's own.

To such inclusive comprehension our principles commit
us. If we cause divisions or fail to promote unity, it is
our shame. Not thus have we learned Christ from John
Robinson and Horace Bushnell, from William Hayes Ward
and Washington Gladden, from Harriet Beeclier Stowe and
Mary Lyon. Ours must be the gracious speech, the discern-
ing eye, the human warmth, the eclectic sympathy which form
the bond of unity. There will be ample call for these gifts
in the years ahead. American Protestantism can not go on
b}' divided paths. The hearts of Christ's people are stirred
with new desire for oneness. Upon us rests the solemn obli-
gation to do nothing to hinder, everything to help.

Still pursuing our analysis of a Gospel of breadth, we note
that it demands the steady application of the spirit of Christ
to the whole range of human relations. I wonder if there
is anyone here who has not sometimes wished he were back
in the time when Christianity was pretty much an affair
between the individual and God without the perplexing and
inconvenient intrusion of questions of social righteousness.
There are not a few people still living in that time — so pos-
sible is it to belong to one generation in the body and to
another in the spirit. But it is not possible for us unless to
a miraculous degree we escape the influence of our environ-
ment. The social Gospel saturates the Congregational air.
Willing or unwilling, we are dwellers in its domain. For
most of us it is a theme for rejoicing. We have come to see
that there never was a more meaningless distinction than
that which once was made between the individual and the
social Gospel. There is only one. The sole question is whe-
ther that one Gospel shall be given its legitimate expansion
until it covers, as it was meant to do, all life and life's rela-
tions. Haltingly and imperfectly, but with honest purpose,
we Congregationalists are trying to do just that. No shadow
of hesitation haunts our minds. We are sure of our duty.

128 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE COUNCIL

Our only anxiety is lest we fail in comprehension or sin
against the law of proportion.

I have spoken of two certainties and the compulsions rest
dent in them. One certainty is that the Gospel of Christ and
nothing but the Gospel of Christ is of any final import to
those who desire a transformed world. The other is that to
the churches represented here that Gospel is a Gospel of
breadth, broad in its outlook upon universal truth, broad
in the catholicity of its sympathy, broad in its application
to all life. It is a rational, a spiritual and an ethical Gospel.

A third certainty, quite as inexorable and far more search-
ing, confronts us. It is the certainty that if we mean to bear
our worthy share in Kingdom building we must find a way
to make our Gospel of breadth also a Gospel of power. As
to the necessity of such power, argument is superfluous. The
world will not be redeemed by mild advice, acute analysis,
conventional deeds. It will be redeemed by the lift of great
truths greatly proclaimed, by the propulsion of potent forces
generated in the depths of Spirit filled lives, by the moulding
of beneficent laws and institutions at the cost of passionate
advocacy, of sustained struggle, of frequent martyrdom.

History has its sharp message for us just here. Breadth
has often meant thinness. Toleration has lacked grip. In-
clusive sympathies have resulted in lost momentum. Broad
vision has been no guarantee of achievement. One of the
pathetic chapters in human annals, rewritten in each genera-
tion, is that which tells of the cooling down of gifted lives.
Wliat potential Augustines, Savonarolas, Luthers, Colignys,
Columbuses, Wesleys, Shaftesburys, Beechers, may be sitting
today in certain professorial chairs or standing in certain
pulpits we do not know. And we never shall know. They
have fallen victims to the breadth of their inquiries, the
habit of scrutiny, the scholar's calm. Whatever high enter-
prises they may have dreamed of are "sicklied o'er with the
pale cast of thought." They will never bear the name of
action.

But history has yet more to say. It assures us that even
when passion and sacrificial devotion remain, the man of broad
vision labors against heavy odds. He has parted with some
of his weapons of attack, his leverage with men. The tested

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE COUNCIL 129

resources of positive assertion, of single aim, of uncompro-
mising warfare, are no longer at his disposal. Moreover,
he is trying to serve a world lethargic and suspicious, a
world whose sound estimate of the values of the old often leads
it to stupid rejection of the values of the new. He cannot
get its ear. Those who most need his message are least
inclined to hear it. He struggles against rooted traditions
and hoary institutions. His high hearted plans miscarry
while those of his unaspiring neighbor move on to success.

I heard, a few Sundays ago, that intrepid knight errant
of a formless Gospel — John Haj^nes Holmes. As I listened
to him I loved him. As I continued to listen, the pathos of
the scene rose before my vision. I felt like going to him and
taking warrant from my margin of seniority, saying, "My
dear boy, your courage warms my heart. But you have ahead
some trying j-ears. The load you are carrying must be borne
on the sole strength of your own faith and love. No continuity
of institutional life is at your service. No historic creed,
deep graven on mind and heart, reinforces your message. No
grooves of long habit turn men your way. When the fires
within you die down your work will wane. You are carrying
your whole capital inside one waistcoat. Does it not some-
times occur to you that whatever power you possess is chiefly
the gift of generations gone who built solidly down on definite
creeds and stable institutions. And do you not sometimes
wonder whether you will transmit unimpaired your inheri-
tance of power. Are you likely to meet the first test of life
— its ability of procreation, of augmentation of its own vol-
ume ? ' '

Thus again I have used an extreme example to illustrate
our own less acute problem. In what degree is the descrip-
tion I have used of Dr. Holmes applicable to ourselves ? Are
there ministers among us whose hearts are heav}^, or for whom
other hearts are heavy, because they have found no way to
transmute a Gospel of breadth into a Gospel of power? Are
there laymen whose deep loyalty none can challenge, but who
are not builders of the Kinedom of God, for the same reason?
Are there churches which have no visible future because
within them are no potencies of spiritual sway over the com-

130 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE COUNCIL

munities where they stand? 'WGuld God that the responses
to these questions were matters of doubt ,

Journeying thus along the track of our inquiry we come
to the final stage where we must say by what process breadth
may become power. Conscious though one must be of the
inadequacy of his answer, he may not decline the attempt.
It is perfectly clear that the law of indirection applies here.
"We shall not find power by exhorting ourselves thereto. 1
knew of a young preacher whose mentor accused him of lack
of the element of warmth in his preaching. Admitting his
fault he promised to prepare a sermon which should avoid
it. The result was a carefully wrought analysis of the place
of emotion in religion. The moral is obvious.

Still feeling after the pathway to power I remind you of
the importance of conserving the quality and influence of
our leaders. I introduce here a theme whose fundamental
importance is paralleled by its complexity-. For us its im-
portance is accentuated by the fact that we have not oeen
skilled in the conservation of leadership. Leaders we have
produced in extraordinarj' degree. Their pervasive influence
has been felt in far reaching ways. But in proportion to
what they might have achieved if we had known how to use
and develop them the showing is unsatisfactory. We have
known how to give our leaders freedom. It is a great gift.
But there are others. What, for instance?

Appreciation. I will say nothing about our ministry except
that there are many of us who know we have had more appre-
ciation than we have deserved. But it is perfectly certain
that we have not known how to appreciate our laymen. Man
after man could be named, the list running up into the hun-
dreds, who has wrought at the tasks of the Kingdom locally
or widely, pouring out the treasures of his thought and prayer
and gifts in the service of a denomination which seemed
scarcel}^ aware of his existence. Grant that he was not labor-
ing for the reward of praise. It remains true that leadership
of human beings thrives by human recognition. No organiza-
tion can develop power which does not show its appreciation
of its leaders.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE COUNCIL 131

What else? Protection. Here the reference is to the min-
istry. One right arm is weak against the world. Every man
needs a protective environment. But when a man undertakes,
as the minister does, to be the shepherd and helper of other
lives, there is double need that the church he serves throw
about him its sheltering arm. We must protect his wages.
Too much his thought goes to the problem of ways and means.
We must prot-ect his tenure. Shifted from point to point,
he loses the power to root and to grow. We must protect
his old age. Just now we are belatedly, but, thank God,
vigorously, undertaking to do this.

What else? We must give our leaders needful capital.
In the commercial world no condition is regarded as more
essential. In the ecclesiastical world the same judgment holds
good. What sort of capital does the leader require. I have
already given a hint in my allusion to Dr. Holmes. Suppose
we analyze the matter a little further. Let me submit an
inventory of the capital bestowed upon the leaders of a highly
organized communion, assuring you that I am not purposing
to recommend a similar inventory for ourselves.

The man assigned to leadership in the Koman Church is
given —

1 — A definite status. His duties and functions are under-
stood by all.

2 — A definite creed, long established and unchangeable.

3 — A prescribed ritual calling for no responsibility of his.

4 — A group of sacraments to be used by divine authority.

5 — A carefully wrought and rigid polity. No time is lost
inquiring what is to be done and who is to do it.

6 — A standardized physical equipment of church and altar,
full of traditions of reverence.

7 — A clear cut ideal of life and service, centering around
the church and its ministry.

You and I have our opinion of the legitimacy and essen-
tial value of one item and another of this inventory. But
we are in no doubt that taken together they constitute an
extraordinary working capital. In the use of them the lead-
ers of the Roman Church all over the globe move forward
with assured and masterful step.

132 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE COUNCIL

If we turn to the Protestant world for examples, an inven-
tory could be made, let us say, of the capital provided the
leaders of the Methodist Episcopal Church containing with
fundamental differences something like the items just enu-
merated. Is there any doubt in our minds that our Methodist
brethren have been able to use this capital for large results?

Have these examples any suggestion to make to us? I
think so. I believe we have been steadily endeavoring through
recent years to act upon that suggestion. We have been try-
ing to give form and order to our common activities. "We
have been trying to join our minds in thinking out common
practical problems. We have submitted for the consider-
ation of our churches statements of belief and tested forms
of worship. We have sought to bring it to pass that the
young man entering the ministry shall find ministerial capital
at hand which he may use as he will.

The process needs to go on. It cannot go on to the invasion
of personal or church libert3\ We do not propose that Asso-
ciation, Conference or Council shall become an external con-
science for us. Let this Council attempt to say what any
of us must think or do and it will make quick discovery of
its limitations. But we are of one mind that we desire to
stabilize — solidify — the structural life of our denomination.
There is no virtue in formlessness. There is no sin in order.
We should move ahead until we have in our firm possession
the spiritual realities for which outward organization stands,
with so much of accepted external form as will give genuine
help in doing the work of the Kingdom.

Exploring still in search for the roadway to power, I find
it in a new emphasis upon prayer, I have no manner of
question that we stand here at the very center of our theme.
But let me say with all clearness that I am not thinking of an
appeal for prayer merely upon the ground that thus we shall
acquire spiritual vitality. I am thinking of it upon the
ground that, being honest believers in God revealed through
Christ, there are things we ought to say to Him that we are
not saying; things we want to ask of Him that we are not
asking, offers to make to Him which we are not making. I
propose for our whole fellowship a new lift of the eyes toward
■God. There is no model on which we should all mould our

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE COUNCIL 133

prayer life. Some may use a prayer calendar, and I wish
siicli custom might widely prevail. Some will fashion their
own ritual, fitted to the twisted growth of their personal
experience. Some may revive the household altar in forms
adapted to our breathless age. Some may gather groups at
special times for special petitions. It does not matter. The
law of life is the law of variety. But it does greatly matter
that we believe, from our heart of hearts, steadily, surely,
unbrokenly, that God is and that he is the rewarder of them
that diligently seek him. Thus believing, we shall find the
way to bring God into our lives. There are strange things
said of that Divine Man whose name we bear but none more
strange than these, ''And in the morning a great while before
day he rose up and went out and departed into a desert place
and there prayed." "And it came to pass in those days that
he went out into the mountain to pray and he continued all
night in prayer to God."

One may not find in his example a call to a like vigil. I
personally do not. But he cannot fail to find in that example
a revelation of the secret of power. The redemption which
began in the long wrestle of the Redeemer "s prevailing prayer
will continue to its appointed consummation only through
like wrestling of those who are called to be ambassadors for
him. In this sacred hour, as we meet unitedly to give account
of our stewardship, how heavy is our penitent consciousness
that we have wrought too much in the strength of the flesh,
too little in dependence upon God. Shall we not here and
now register our resolve that whatever else we do or do not
do in the years ahead, we will join in an unflinching endeavor
to fill our fellowship of churches with a new spirit of prayer.
For ourselves, for one another, for our work, for our plans,
for our fellow Christians, for our nation, for the nations, for
all the vast interests of that Kingdom of God which slowly
rises from the wreck of earthly Kingdoms, let us be cease-
lessly in prayer.

Last of all, if our Gospel of breadth is to prove itself a
Gospel indeed, it must issue in broad plans of service, prose-
cuted by broad methods of effort. It is of course quite true
that such plans and methods can be formulated and go no

134 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE COUNCIL

further. That opens another subject. My present point is
that unless a Gospel of breadth expresses itself in broad plans,
it fails to take the first step toward becoming a Gospel of
power. If the first step be missing, all subsequent steps must
be missing. The first step taken, the door is open to take
the rest.

I have no need to labor the point. It only remains to indi-
cate its bearings on the duty of the hour. There will be
placed before you this afternoon, by the Commission on Mis-
sions, an ideal and scope of service unknown in all our past.
The Commission will plead that old standards are abrogated
by the imperious urgency of the hour. It will propose that
we count our 300 years of history as the period of youth and
growth and that we now enter into manhood with manhood's
broad vision and grave courage. It will remind us of the
new spirit which is stirring in other communions and will
summon us to share in the audacious dream of the Protestant
Churches united in plans for the conquest of the world.

What answer will you give ? What message will you send
to our waiting churches? I am confident that I speak for
the Commission when I say that with unruffled spirit it could
see its plan tossed aside and another, totally different in
scope and method, adopted — provided only that the substitute
names a higher goal, breathes a more resolute spirit of en-
deavor and outlines more adequate modes of action.

For the Commission holds, as you hold, that our broad
Gospel, tempered by three centuries of experience, interwoven
with all that is best in the world democracy which is forming,
touched with the passion of brotherhood and rooted deep in
the all embracing life of God, must become here and now and
henceforth a Gospel of power, not only in its own native
strength, but as mediated to the world by our imperfect hands.

• REPORT OF THE TREASURER OF THE COUNCIL

Year Ending Dec. 31, 1917.

Receipts.

Balance, Jan. 1, 1917 $1,58125

Per Capita Contributions by Churches 31,537.46

Advertising in the Year-Book 225.00

Sale of Year-Books and other Printed

Matter 244.12

Income from Invested Funds 152.50

Interest on Monthly Balance 49.97

Refund on Rent 579.36

From National Societies, Grant for
W. "W. Scudder's Department to

May 15 1,556.97

Tercentenary Fund, Sale of Mate-
rials, Refunds, etc 1,377.65

Council Meeting, Refund 86.48

Secretaries' Conference, Share of

Expense by Societies 4.00

Telephone, Refund for Personal Calls 2.13

Sundry Expense, Refund 23.25

Transportation, Council Train to

Columbus 2,098.50

Job Work, Done for Outside Parties . 25.43

$39,547.07

Expenditures.

Rent $1,942.54

Salaries 8,850.00

H. C. Herring $5,000.00

O.E.Harris 2,500.00

W. W. Scudder, to May

15 1,350.00

Clerical Labor 4,701.01

Office Supplies 742.53

Furniture and Fixtures 57.80

136 REPORT OF TREASURER

Sundry Expense $ 386.98

Telephone 148.48

Postage 1,014.20

Printing of Literature for Free Dis-
tribution 1,022.50

Printing of Handbooks 114.25

Advertising 70.00

Travel of Secretaries 1,394.19

Year-Book, Printing and Mailing. . . 4,753.84

Federal Council 770.00

Executive Committee Meetings 558.75

Commission on Missions Meetings . . . 906.21

Other Council Commissions Meetings 196.68

Council Meeting 2,695.82

Petty Cash 289.88

Transportation, Council Train to

Columbus 2,098.50

Moving Expenses of W. W. Scudder 253.90

Tercentenary Fund, to May 15 3,399.06

Stereopticon Slides to May 15 1,806.11

Secretaries' Conference, Committee

Room 5.00

Balance, Dec. 31, 1917 1,368.84

$39,547.07

PILGRIM TERCENTENARY FUND

May 15 to Dec. 31, 1917

Receipts.

Special Tercentenary Subscriptions,

Installment No. 1 $4,612.50

From National Societies, Grant for

W. W. Scudder 's Department 2,172.17

Sale of Deeds and Duties 182.90

'' " Posters 10.60

" " Cuts 15.45

" '' Bulletins 29.73

" " Stewardship Literature 52.31

Interest on Deposits 39.61

Convention, December 5th 198.00

$7,313.27

report of treasurer 137

Expenditures.

Eent $226.49

Salary, W. W. Scudder 1,650.00

Clerical Labor 1,086.00

Office Expense 284.85

Furniture and Fixtures 15.00

Sundry Expense 80.56

Postage 552.00

Printing 405.65

Travel Expense 303.68

Petty Cash 61.14

Stereopticon Slides 317.09

Pageants 25.00

Lectures 92.00

Deeds and Duties 57.00

Cuts 6.50

Bulletins and Stewardship 303.50

Interest on $2,000 Loan 96.61

Convention Account 260.00

National Societies' Grant, Refund. . . 66.66

Cash Balance, Dee. 31, 1917 1,423.54

$7,313.27

Prior to May 15 the Tercentenary accounts were carried

in the Council Book, now the books are kept separately.
REPORT OF THE TREASURER OF THE COUNCIL

Year Ending Dec. 31, 1918

Receipts.

Cash Balance, Jan. 1, 1918 $1,368.84

Per Capita Contributions of Churches

through State Treasurers $28,077.13

Advertising in Year-Book 210.00

Sale of Year-Books and other Printed

Matter 333.00

Interest on Deposits and General

Funds held by Corporation for

National Council 130.73

Bank Loan 1,000.00

29,718.19

$31,087.03

138 eepoet op treasurer ■

Expenditures.

Salaries $7,083.30

Clerical Labor 4,147.95

Traveling Expenses 860.59

Rent 1,129.68

Office Supplies 426.50

Postage 636.50

Advertising, Express, Telegrams, etc. 254.83

Telephone 137.13

Furniture and Fixtures 865.44

Sundry Office Expenses 290.62

Year-Book 10,105.72

Minutes of National Council 1,248.31

Printing Pamphlets, Leaflets, etc. . . . 1,655.91
Traveling Expenses (Commission on

Missions) 632.63

Traveling Expenses (other Commit-
tees and Commissions) 721.38

Council Meeting, 1917 58.10

Federal Council of Churches 395.50

$30,650.09

Cash on Hand, Dec. 31, 1918 ' 436.94

$31,087.03

PILGRIM TERCENTENARY FUND

Year Ending Dec. 31, 1918

Receipts.

Cash Balance, Jan. 1, 1918 $1,423.54

Appropriation by National Mission
Boards for Secretary of Benevo-
lence $4,310.00

Special Tercentenary Subscriptions,

Installment No. 2 2,117.50

Appropriation by National Mission

Boards for Everj^ Member Drive . . 1,768.47

Sale of Books, Leaflets, etc 263.48

Sale of Every Member Drive Buttons 161.89

Interest on Deposits 21.81

8,643.15

$10,066.69

report of treasurer 139

Expenditures.

Salary W. W. Scudder $3,000.00

Clerical Labor 1,522.63

Rent 319.00

Traveling Expenses 870.00

Postage 237.86

Telegrams, Express, etc 107.53

Printing Pamphlets, Hand Books,

Leaflets, etc 823.20

Printing, Postage, Express, etc., for

Ever}'^ Member Drive 2,543.13

Interest on Loan 89.37

Furniture and Fixtures 150.00

Printing Posters 185.00

Office Supplies 117.81

Miscellaneous Office Expenses 31.73

$9,997.26

Balance on Hand, Dec. 31, 1918 69.43

$10,066.69

REPORT OF THE COMMISSION ON MISSIONS

Since the last meeting of the National Council the Com-
mission has been called together four times. A somewhat
wider range of interests has been considered than in any
previous biennium. On the other hand, the questions in-
volved have been less exacting and have called for a smaller
expenditure of time.

Various matters incident to the readjustment of our mis-
sionary organization have been passed upon. The process
of reshaping the structure of our mission agencies is now
substantially complete. Satisfactory solutions have been
found of a number of minor problems and the remainder are
in hopeful process of adjustment. A brief statement is in
order as to the present status of our affairs.

The Publishing Society, pursuant to the action of the last
Council, has changed its name from the Congregational Sun-
day School and Publishing Society to the Congregational Pub-
lishing Society. No difficulties, legal or technical, were found
to lie in the way. It continues to hold the permanent funds
(about $80,000) placed in its hands during past years for the
promotion of Sunday school interests, both missionary and
educational. The income of these funds is administered by
it through committees which it has designated. These com-
mittees are composed of persons belonging to the directorate
of the Sunday School Extension Society and the Education
Society.

The Sunday School Extension Society has been in full
operation for a year and nine months. The transfer of the
gifts of the churches under the apportionment plan has been
in the main satisfactorily effected, and a sufficient income
secured for a rhodest program. The Society has secured a
Secretary, Rev. W. K. Bloom. There is every reason to hope
and expect that it will be able to handle in an aggressive way
the indispensable task of extending the ministry of the Sun-
day school to needy neighborhoods.

The Church Building Society has gone forward prosper-
ouslv with its work and the three Extension Boards now al-

THE COMMISSION ON MISSIONS 141

lied under a single General Secretary- and a single Board of
Directors, are illustrating in their practical working the ad-
vantages of the intimate alliance of kindred interests which
the Council had in view in the reorganization which has been
effected.

The Congregational Education Society has received a con-
siderable increase in its resources by the change in the ap-
portionment percentages and has been able, as noted in its
reports to the Council, somewhat to enlarge its staff of field
workers. The close articulation of its activities in the realm
of religious education with those of the Publishing Society
operating in the same area, is proving practically fruitful, as
well as theoretically justifiable. It will require a number of
years and still further increase of income to enable the
. Societ}' in an adequate way to cover the field which is as-
signed it.

The American ]\Iissionary Association has not had so large
an increase of resources as had been hoped. It finds it-
self seriously handicapped in view of the unprecedented in-
crease in the cost of all educational work. It is projecting
plans for a broad appeal to secure needed equipment and
maintenance.

The Commission has no recommendations to make to this
Council as to further action in the direction of the readjust-
ment of our missionarj^ organization. The extended time
taken in exploration of the subject and the deliberation with
which previous action of the Council has been taken have,
in the main, secured such maturity of results as will make
it unnecessary for some years to come to give further at-
tention to any of the major features of our machinery. Of
course, minor adjustments w'ill alw-ays be in order.

During the biennium overtures from the California Con-
ferences received just prior to the last National Council
relating to the taking of The Pacific under denominational
care, and the establishment of a depository of the Publishing
Society at San Francisco, have been given extended con-
sideration. As a result, it became entirely clear to the minds
of the members of the Commission that neither of these steps
is now feasible. As to the assumption of The Pacific, it is at
once apparent that it would involve either the carrying on

142 THE COMMISSION ON MISSIONS

of a paper devoted exclusively to the interests of that section,
in which case there would be like reason for the multiplying
of similar periodicals in other sections of the nation; or, on
the other hand, it would be necessary to conduct upon the Pa-
cific Coast a paper of national scope, which would cover,
though in less elaborate Avay, the same ground as The Congre-
gationaMst. This would mean a very heavy expenditure and a
deficit of prohibitory size. With great regret, therefore, the
Commission felt obliged .to advise the Publishing Society and
the Pacific Coast Conferences of its adverse judgment. The
Pacific is being continued by our churches on the Coast, but
has been reduced from a weekly to a monthly publication.

As to a depository, the experience of other denominations,
as well as our own experience, suggests the great difficulty of
making such an agency pay its expenses even when located
in the midst of a large constituency. Located at San Fran-
cisco it would be certain to involve a deficit every year and
probably one of very considerable dimensions. The step, there-
fore, even under normal conditions would be of doubtful wis-
dom; under present conditions it is not possible even to con-
sider it. The rapid increase in the cost of all printed matter
has, of course, made the problem of our Publishing Society a
very serious one and while its financial condition is steadily
improving, it is in no sense of the word prepared to under-
take any save the most necessary burdens.

The Commission has also received and considered at length
a communication from representatives of the Pacific Coast
Conferences urging the discontinuance of the plan of main-
taining in that region district secretaryships of our mission
boards. This feature of our missionary structure was con-
sidered by the Commission in connection with the general re-
adjustment of recent years, but no recommendations were
made because it was not clear to the Commission that any
change is desirable. It w^as also felt that if changes were to
be made they ought to follow, rather than accompany the
changes at the home offices of the Boards.

The question has now been taken up afresh and a sub-com-
mittee appointed to give the matter detailed study in con-
ference with all interested. At an early day the Commission
hopes to be able to give its advice in the matter and will report

THE COMMISSION ON MISSIONS = 143

the same at the next meeting of the Council. It will be read-
ily evident that because of the radical differences between
the tasks of our various agencies no general statement con-
cerning the functions or the necessity of the district secretary-
ship can be made. In the same way the wide contrast between
conditions in the older and newer parts of the nation may
make it wdse to maintain in one section a plan which is un-
adapted to other sections.

Invested Funds
From various sources our Mission Boards have received
through their history substantial sums of money designated
b}^ the donors for special uses or for general endowment.
These funds now stand as follows : —

Available

for Gen'l Subject to

Work Life Pay't Special Total

W. B. M. I $66,084 $124,280 .$96,135 $286,499

W. B. M 120,064 54,187 52,989 227.240

C. H. M. S 774,964 339,407 246.324 1,360,695

C. C. B. S 92.186 174,101 5,224 271,511

A. M. A.

(a) Gen'l Fund 608,612 333,491 262.821 1,204,924

(b) Hand Fund 1,541,998 1,541,998

B. M. R 1,241,2.57 21.197 1,262.454

Min. An. Fund 216.765 3.290 220.055

Pub. Society 27.886 15.553 30,531 73.970

A. B. C. F. M 3,282,488 1,271,889 4.554,377

C. E. S .S16,.553 ],000 5,960 323,513

$6,746,859 $2,338,395 $2,349,543 $11,434,797
These funds are invested as follows: —

Bonds Mtgs. Misc.

W. B. IM $209,360 $17,880

W. B. M. 1 157,976 $69,200 44.978

C. H. M. S 624.749 462.640 273..306

C. C. B. S 245,602 12,500 13,410

A. M. A.

(a) Gen'l Fund .593.105 372,390 230,429

(b) Hand Fund 1.213.005 265,000 59.790

(e) E. M. Pierce Fund 22.900 84,.500

B. M. R 976.762 283,191 2,501

Min. An. Fund 179,905 40.150

Pub. Society 73.970

A B. C. F. M 3.796.620 351,757 405.000

C. E. S 300.000 23.513

$8,393,954 $1,856,828 $1,164,307

The last column above includes a variety of items. A

trifling percentage is in real estate received by gift and not

144 THE COMMISSION ON MISSIONS

as yet turned into cash. A larger percentage is in stocks re-
ceived in the same way and for one reason or another not as
yet changed to more stable forms of investment. Savings bank
deposits and funds in bank awaiting investment constitute
another small section of the total.

In addition to the amounts held by National Boards a stead-
ily increasing amount of invested funds is held by organiza-
tions in affiliated relations with the national bodies. No at-
tempt has been made to secure a complete list of such holdings,
but as indicating their volume in the older part of the country,
the following table, covering five New England States, will be
of interest : —

Available

for Gen'l Subject to

Work Life Pay't Special Total

New Hampshire $120,390 $10,315 $77,406 $208,111

Maine 64,749 8,581 63,349 136,679

Vermont 42,216 4,500 44,289 91,005

Massachusetts 260,228 26,663 31,343 318,234

Connecticut (Miss'y) .. 323,609 16.326 132,562 472,497

Connecticut (Min. Re.) 112,145 112.145

$923,337 $66,385 $348,949 $1,338,671

This sum is invested as follows : —

Bonds Mtgs. Misc.

New Hampshire $208,112

Maine 126,775 $7,200 $6,205

Vermont 16.000 52.950 22.055

Massachusetts 234.991 22.550 52.128

Connecticut (IMiss'.v) 246.443 32,100 183.218

Connecticut (Min. Re.) 76.2.39 35,906

$908,560 $114,800 $299,512

One feature not present in the national tables appears in
the state figures above given, viz. — the entrusting to state
bodies of funds whose income is to be used for the benefit of
specified local churches. Usually a reversionary title is given
by the donor to the state body in cai3e the local church ceases
to exist or fails to meet conditions of the gift. This plan has
obvious and important advantages and is worthy of the con-
sideration of any one who desires to aid a particular church.
The changes which occur in local conditions make it extremely
desirable to provide an alternative use for the gift in case it
can no longer promote the local ends which the donor has in
view.

the commission on missions 145

Responsibility Involved

The total of the sums above tabiihited is $12,773,466. While
this is far short of the amount which could be desired as a
permanent basis for a world-wide work it constitutes a very
substantial and grave trust to be discharged by the officials of
our Mission Boards. They are under sacred bonds to devoted
men and women of past generations as well as to the needy
world of our own generation. To guard against loss of any
portion of these funds, to secure the largest legitimate income
possible from them and to use that income in accord with the
intent of the donors and with highest effectiveness constitute
no light task. The denomination is under heavy debt to the
scores of persons who on its behalf are giving unspairing time
and thought to the achievement of these ends.

Investment Methods

The Boards uniformly entrust the investment and reinvest-
ment of funds to finance committees acting in conjunction
with the various treasurers. Upon these committees are found
in almost every case men having specialized knowledge of in-
vestment problems whose experience and skill is freely placed
at the disposal of mission interests.

It will be noted from the tables above given that by far
the greater part of the funds held is invested in bonds. A
substantial though minor portion is invested in real estate
mortgages. Repeated and careful consideration has been given
by the finance committees of the larger boards to the wisdom
of increasing the relative amount of mortgage investments.
For many years past the rate of interest obtainable upon such
investments has been higher than that borne by staple bond
issues. Over against this advantage is the disadvantage that
to secure such higher interest it has usually been necessary to
make loans in small amounts and for relatively short periods.
Still more serious is the fact that the safe placing of mort-
gages whether on farms or city real estate requires personal
expert inspection of the property involved. This must either
be undertaken by a member of the finance committee placing
the loan or by some agency chosen by that committee. The
former course has its limitations in the case of men already
overburdened with public and private cares. The latter course

146 THE COMMISSION ON MISSIONS

involves a delegation of responsibility which one may be fully
prepared for in the case of his own money, but shrinks from
when trust funds are concerned. As a result of this situation
the Boards have deemed it necessary to limit their investments'
in the main to types of securities whose nature and com-
mercial rating were readily withiji the knowledge of their
finance committees. No hard and fast rule upon the subject
has been followed and of late it has been found increasingly
feasible to place real estate loans, both East and West, under
conditions adapted to the nature of the trust. At the present
time the difference in rate of income between bonds and real
estate loans is less than in the past, the depressed condition
of the bond market permitting the purchase of standard bonds
at considerably below par.

Rate of Interest

It naturally follows from the situation above described that
the average interest secured is somewhat lower than would be
secured by an individual giving his personal attention to his
investments and free to travel East or West in order to find
opportunities and inspect securities. The average rate of
income at the present time is a trifling fraction above five per
cent. This is an increase over past years due to the higher
interest rates now prevailing. On the other hand it is below
the rate which would be had if it were possible at once to re-
invest the entire funds of the Boards taking advantage of
current conditions. Naturally this cannot be done by agen-
cies whose investments ordinarily and normally are in long
term securities.

Conditional Gifts

Attention is called to the large amount of money held sub-
ject to an annual payment to the donor during his life or for
a specified period. The Boards have a standardized method
of handling such gifts upon which all are agreed and which
contains the following features : —

(a) A uniform schedule of annual payment has been
adopted varying with the age of the giver at the time the gift
is received. This mode of investing money has proven attrac-
tive to a large number of people because of the freedom from

THE COMMISSION ON MISSIONS 147

care and hazard of loss which it provides and also because it
enables them in a substantial way to express their interest in
the work which is carried on by the agency accepting the gift.

(b) Funds thus contributed are the property of the
Board receiving them from the time of their receipt, but are
in no case spent until the conditions of the gift have been
entirely met. They are then made available for current use
unless by direction of the donor they are to be held as part of
the permanent endowment.

(c) While the income received from the investment of
Conditional Gifts is in most years substantially equal to the
payment made to donors, there is always a small deficit, which,
of course, is borne from the income of the invested funds of
the Board concerned.

The Commission cordially commends to our Congregational
constituenc}'- this method of aiding the w^orld-wide work of
missions. It has many advantages and no visible defects. The
principles upon which it rests are sound and its possibilities
of wise enlargement are very great.

Legacies

Men and women of past days in numbers running into the
thousands have testified by their legacies to their belief in mis-
sions and our mission boards. There are no indications of
decrease in this custom. Year by year from a quarter to a
half million dollars reach the treasuries of the boards from this
source. In the case of one board, that of Ministerial Relief,
within a recent twelve months over eight hundred thousand
dollars was received in bequests. The stability and the im-
petus given to all our undertakings by these gifts is beyond
computation. The Commission earnestly hopes that every
member of a Congregational church blessed with material
possessions not required for those dependent on him will,
in disposing of his propert}', consider with care the needs and
the claims of our missions. In the urgent conditions of the
present hour this appeal is more than ever needed. If a
broken world is to be rebuilt, if Christ is swiftly to be made
known to the hopeless masses of pagan lands, if we are to
raise in our own nation the solid structure of a Christian

1^8 THE COMMISSION ON MISSIONS

civilization, it can only be through a greatly increased dedi-
cation of life and outpouring of treasure.

Educational Matters
From the beginning of its service the Commission has had
the interests of our colleges prominently in- mind. The send-
ing of a deputation to the South in 1916 was largely in the
interest of our schools there and substantial benefits to some of
them are believed to have resulted. At that time it was
definitely decided to undertake a thorough study of the whole
college situation as soon as possible. The pressure and con-
fusion of the war period prevented the carrying out of the
plan. At the close of the war the Interchurch World Move-
ment was projected, a part of whose purpose is to conduct
an inquiry which will cover a considerable portion of the field
which the Commission has in mind. Action in the matter is
therefore still suspended except that a deputation consisting
of President J. H. T. Main and Dean E. C. Norton visited
and studied our Utah schools in the spring of 1918. The
Commission would, however, be gravely at fault if it did
not freshly remind the Council of the outstanding importance
of our colleges and the critical situation which most of them
are facing. Their past service to the Kingdom has been
great. Their present an4 future possibilities are greater.
But they need radical enlargement of resources in order to
attain them. The stringent competition of the state univer-
sities, the arrest of endowment campaigns as a result of the
war and the rapid rise in the cost of maintenance create
problems of the most serious order. In whatever denomina-
tional plans are prosecuted for the coming biennium the
colleges should have a prominent place. The Council will
have placed before it in the reports of the Congregational
Education Society and the American Missionary Association
further information upon this theme.

Woman's Work
Notable progress has been made by the women's mission-
ary organizations during the biennium. Both the Woman's
Board of Missions and the Woman's Board of Missions of
the Interior have celebrated their jubilee anniversaries and
have signalized the date by raising each a special fund of a

THE COMMISSION ON MISSIONS 149

quarter of a million dollars. The current receipts of both
have also distinctly increased.

The "Woman's Home Missionary Federation, whose bien-
nial meeting is held in connection with the Council, has estab-
lished a national office, with Miss Miriam F, Choate as Execu-
tive Secretary, and is making steady progress in enlisting the
women of the churches in support of their state unions and
the causes wliich they serve. Nearly $82,000 have been
secured toward the special fund of a hundred and twenty-five
thousand dollars which the Federation is seeking to raise for
the Schauffler Memorial Training School.

In line with the spirit of the times, the Woman's Boards
have set for themselves a much higher aim in gifts and have
made good progress toward the attainment of this goal. Spe-
cial efforts have been made in co-operation with the Woman's
Home Missionary Federation, through the Conquest Cam-
paign, to enlist the young women and older girls in our
churches in the cause of missions. By means of the Rainbow
Campaign a determined effort is being made by Woman's
Boards of all denominations to secure needed recruits for
work at home and abroad.

Scale of Salaries

The question of salaries paid to secretaries, field workers,
missionaries and pastors is one that your Commission feels
should receive the immediate and earnest consideration of
the denomination.

When it is realized that the cost of living in many cases
has increased at least 50 per cent, it becomes imperative that
the churches take action looking to a partial rectifying of
the great injustice which too long has existed in the financial
support accorded their spiritual leaders.

A comparison of the wages paid in lines of unskilled labor
with that paid many pastors and other religious workers
reflects little credit upon our churches. The value of the
dollar has depreciated so that the man receiving four years
ago the average salarv^ paid in our denomination of $1,440
finds its purchasing power today little, if any, over $720,
and there is no reason to expect much change in this situa-
tion for several years.

150 THE COMMISSION ON MISSIONS

Any layman, be he an employer of labor or a wage earner,
knows of existence of these conditions. It seems to your
Commission that this vital and important matter should re-
ceive the immediate attention of our laymen and that a
quickened conscience be aroused to a condition that has long
been a reproach.

We therefore recommend that our official boards take
action looking to a readjustment of salaries of secretaries,
field workers and missionaries and that the churches aim to
secure an advance of at least 25 per cent in the salaries of
the pastors. "We feel that consideration of special local condi-
tions should have weight in determining a just solution of
this important problem.

Protestantism in France

Under this heading two subjects call for mention : One is
the American Church in Paris. This organization has had
a long and honorable history of service. Plans are now on
foot for radical enlargement and a broader program. Rev,
Stanley Ross Fisher has accepted the position of Associate
Pastor and will devote himself especially to the welfare of
American students in Paris. A resolution is submitted bear-
ing on his work.

Peculiar associations are connected with French Protestant-
ism. The tragic persecution of the Huguenots left the Re-
formed cause in France in a state of weakness from which it
has never recovered. Nevertheless, there is a considerable body
of Protestant churches scattered over the nation. Many of
them in the devastated regions lost their buildings, all are
handicapped by the sacrifices of the war. They need and
deserve our aid. The Federal Council of Churches has under-
taken to secure a fund of $3,000,000. Plans of interdenom-
inational co-operation are being worked out. Congregational-
ism should have a share in these plans. The Commission
asks authorization to take such steps as may appear feasible.

Age of Retirement

Pursuant to instructions the Commission has continued its
study of the subject of a uniform age of retirement for execu-
tive officials of the Council and the Mission Boards.

THE COMMISSION ON MISSIONS 151

It appears to the Conmiission highly desirable that there
be an agreed policy among our denominational agencies on
the above matter. When it is remembered that these agencies
expend annually nearly three and one-half millions of dollars,
that a large part of this sum is drawn from the same sources,
that the objects and methods of such expenditure have vital
inter-relations and that the exacting demands of the world
of today call for specialized leadership, it is at once plain
that only by such agreement of policy can a high level of
action be maintained. Each denominational agency must be
stronger or weaker by the strength or weakness of the agencies
with which it is so closely linked.

After careful study of the immediate question in hand the
Commission believes that distinct advantage will result from
the adoption of a certain age as the ordinarily recognized
time of retirement, and the past experience of the Boards sug-
gests sixty-eight years a^ such age.

The Commission, however, does not believe that a hard and
fast rule terminating service at this age should be adopted.
On the one hand, such rule would militate against efficiency
by excluding from serAice some officials, who by reason of
continued vigor or because of special exigencies cannot well
be spared. On the other hand, such rule would inevitably
create a presumption of continuance in office up to the pre-
scribed age, thus violating the fundamental principle which
makes such continuance dependent upon continued adequacy
to the responsibilities involved. Any plan of procedure which
is to comprehend all factors of the case must meet these
requirements :

1. The fundamental responsibility of each Board of Direc-
tors (or equivalent body) for the personnel of the executive
force of the organization whose affairs it controls.

2. The consultative responsibility of some central agency
representing the churches by appointment of the National
Council and equally related to all mission agencies.

3. The adoption of a policy broadly uniform in nature as
to the pensioning of officials, who after prolonged and honor-
able service are retired.

It appears to your Commission that in order to give full
effect to the first two principles named it is simply necessary

152 THE COMMISSION ON MISSIONS

that the mission boards establish the practice of consulting
with the Commission on Missions whenever contemplated
action as to executive personnel appears to have bearing upon
the general interests of the associated Boards. If, for in-
stance, it is desired to retain the services of an official beyond
the accepted age of retirement, it would be natural to have
such consultation. Or again, if it seems wise that the service
of any official shall cease prior to that age, the Board con-
cerned can readily judge whether the circumstances suggest
such consultation.

The general plan thus outlined and illustrated is extremely
flexible and dependent for its working upon mutual courtesy
and good will and for that very reason is believed to be in
harmony with the genius of Congregational organization. It
should be added that in order to faeilitate action and to avoid
undue publicity in perplexing cases it would presumably be
desirable for the Commission on Missions to commit with
power the handling of matters under this general plan to the
sub-committee on administration.

The problem of pensions is necessarily complex and depend-
ent, in part, upon the development of the general ministerial
pension plan now inaugurated in our communion. It appears
to the Commission that beyond recognition of the principle
above stated, no action need be taken at the present time.
Pending the working out of a comprehensive plan each Board
will of necessity follow the present course of meeting each
case which arises as necessity requires.

The Commission recommends that, in case of the approval
of its suggestion that sixty-eight be recognized as the age
when the question of retirement normally arises, the same do
not take effect until one year from the time of the Council's
confirmative action.

National and State Affairs
The creation of centralized state organizations with broad-
ened functions has raised in recent years many questions as
to the relation between national and state agencies. From
time to time, as in the case of the Home Missionary Society,
it has been necessary to work out with care a new alignment
of forces. Certain matters, however, have remained unad-
justed. At the Mid-winter Missionary Conference in 1918, a

THE COMMISSION ON MISSIONS 153

committee of twelve was appointed to make a fresh study
of such matters. This committee was composed of repre-
sentatives of the Commission on Missions and of the national
and state executives. Its report, which goes at length into
the detail of a wide range of subjects, has been circulated
among all the interests concerned and so far as it deals with
matters in the field of the Commission on Missions has been
approved. Its suggestions on certain matters of Council or-
ganization will be submitted in the report of the Commission
on Organization. Other recommendations are being put in
force by the Mission Boards. As a result, your Commission
is able to report distinct improvement in the co-operative
relations of the national and state bodies.

The Tercentenary Program

A sub-committee of the Commission on Missions combined
with a committee of mission officials has had charge of the
prosecution of the Tercentenary Program. Since there will
naturally be presented to the Council of 1921 a review of the
five-year history of that Program no extended mention is
made of it here. Eoughly speaking, the year 1916 was given
to planning and launching the Program; the year 1917 to
Item One, "Pilgrim Principles"; 1918 to Item Four, "The
Apportionment Goal"; 1919 to Item Two, "Evangelism";
with plans on foot for emphasizing in 1920 Item Three, "Re-
cruiting the Ministry'." It will also be in order to stress
again during the coming year the Themes of Item One. As
to Item Five the report of the Pilgrim Memorial Fund Com-
mission will give full information. The Tercentenary Cor-
respondence Course has been carried forward, the third series
of one hundred questions dealing with the century just closing
having been recently issued. The cost of prosecuting the
Program has been met from special contributions of generous
individuals with an additional amount from the Council treas-
ury and a grant from the IMission Boards covering the salary
and traveling expenses of Dr. Scudder, the Secretary of
Benevolence, under whose leadership the Tercentenary Pro-
gram is being conducted.

Missionary Contributions

The two years covered by this report have seen a substantial
quickening of the spirit of benevolence. The apportionment

154 THE COMMISSION ON MISSIONS

plan which had greatly systematized and steadied our giving
was, nevertheless, very loosely administered in many quar-
ters. State and associational committees frequently neglected
their duties. Churches were often not informed as to their
share in our common undertakings. Many pastors moved
dreamily along with no consciousness of responsibility for the
efficient handling of their benevolences. Some of our strong-
est states had no complete list of apportionments. Churches
by the thousand felt little or no obligation to cultivate system
and order in their giving. The apportionment plan was
largely left to develop itself— which it did.

Today the atmosphere has changed. State officials and
committees are alert and energetic. Standards have been
revised. Ministers and churches are responding eagerly to
new expectations. Benevolence and local expense budgets now
stand on planes of equal obligation. We may look for in-
creasing fidelity in these matters.

There has been no great spurt in giving, but there has been
steady advance all along the line and of a character that
promises permanent gain. It began with the apportionment
convention preceding the last Council, when the entire day
was spent reviewing the situation and outlining a national
plan of benevolence based on the principle of stewardship,
with programs of missionary organization and education for
tbe local church. The delegates then turned their attention
to the badly racked apportionment plan ; took it apart ; oiled
its bearings; greased its gears; improved its fittings and
tightened it all up once more with the sharp reminder that
it was never meant to be abused by being run as a record
breaker, but was purposely built to attain the slowest speed
attainable with self respect by beginners in benevolence. They
also suggested that it be carefully overhauled with that object
in view once a year and that every church adopt a standard
far in advance of this minimum goal.

This comprehensive program was endorsed by the Council
and at once sent to the churches and vigorously pushed. The
plans on stewardship were laid before all our pastors and in
at least half our states were placed in the hands of the entire
church membership also. National, state and local church
records of per capita giving were tabulated and as widely

THE COMMISSION ON MISSIONS 155

circulated, prompting much sober reflection. The entire Coun-
cil plan was soon in full operation. So when, three months
later, at the Mid-winter Conference of National and State
Secretaries, the representatives of the states met to revise the
apportionment, a fresh breeze was stirring in what had been
recognized to be a stale apportionment atmosphere.

Before this alert and influential body was then laid the
suggestion of a simultaneous Every Member Drive to be held
the first week in December to underwrite for the coming year
a budget of sixteen million dollars — one-fourth for benevo-
lence, three-fourths for local church expense. It caught fire.
A clear cut organization with a strong educational program
was at once blocked out districting the territory and dividing
the churches of each association into groups of five under ener-
getic local leadership.

The unanimity with which these plans were received was
most heartening. The common sense, the timeliness and the
enormous values involved appealed to all. Every state con-
ference and district association fell into line. So widespread
was the enthusiasm and so thorough the preparation that a
number of the states anticipated an almost universal use of
the canvass within their borders.

War conditions and one of the deadliest epidemics that
America has j^et experienced, which closed our churches for
weeks and months, caused sad havoc in these plans. In
spite of all these hindrances, however, probably three-fourths
of our churches took the Every Member Canvass where only
a fourth had previously attempted it, making a 200 per cent
gain. The results generally proved so satisfactory in in-
creased receipts for both causes and in the valuable by-prod-
ucts, social, fraternal, educational and spiritual, that were
realized, that there has arisen a unanimous conviction that the
simultaneous Every Member Canvass should be a permanent
feature of our denominational program.

Until the 1920 Year Book is issued we shall not be able to
tell how nearly this effort has brought us to the goal of two
million dollars for our missionary boards. A partial report
of the receipts of these Societies for the first six months of
1919 would seem to indicate a gain of about $75,000 over last
j^ear's totals for the same period. In one case, there has

156 THE COMMISSION ON MISSIONS

been a leap from the normal increase of one-half of one per
cent to 12 per cent. A $200,000 advance for the year, there-
fore, would not seem to be a wild expectation. With a start
like this towards our missing half million for benevolence, a
combined effort in the closing months of this year to clean
up the full apportionment ought easily to put us over this
one of our tercentenary goals. We would send out an urgent,
ringing call to all the states to see that their quotas are met
and that no church straggles out of the line. A determined
dash now will take us over the crest.

The drive has given us unity and courage. For the first
time we have faced a great goal and attempted it. Sixteen
millions a year to many seemed preposterous but we shall not
fall much short of it and in view of the fact that that is not
far from our annual acliievement, a half million increase in
our missionary giving must henceforth seem a trifling addi-
tion to our customary effort. These days have brought us a
widening vision of our duty and ability. The great war
loans, the huge war charities, the immense relief programs,
the enormous increase of denominational budgets and plans
have made us ashamed of the dwarfed and meagre efforts of
the past. We shall not groan with self pity over the impossi-
bility of reaching our benevolence goals as some "faint hearts"
and "little faiths" among us once did. We now know per-
fectly well that we are quite as able to raise twenty millions
yearly as we are sixteen, if we go about it in the right way.
The Drive has disclosed the enormous undeveloped power
adaptable to all uses that resides in the co-operative possibili-
ties of our democratic fellowship.

The 1919 Drive
Plans have been carefully laid to reproduce the Every
Member Drive on December 7 of this year. The goal will be
the same — sixteen million dollars, one-fourth for benevolence,
three-fourths for local church expense. The same method of
organization also will be followed. November has been chosen
as the month for preparation and churches and pastors are
earnestly urged to make this month a time of deep heart
searching, of enthusiastic review of our great opportunities
and of earnest study and fresh acceptance of the obligations
of our Christian profession.

THE COMMISSION ON MISSIONS 157

The Program includes Local Church Institutes iu all
churches during the first week of November to explain to all
our constituency the aims, methods and values of the Drive.
These to be followed by four Sundays devoted to the setting
forth of four great missonary objectives: The Redemption
of the World ; The Salvation of Our Country ; The Triumph
of Democracy; and The Revival of Christian Giving.

Side by side with this Sunday program, the mid-week serv-
ices of the month to be given to a prayerful and searching
examination of the principles and practice of Christian stew-
ardship— under studies and questionnaires issued by the Na-
tional Council — by a church membership pledged to attend-
ance during November and as far as possible enrolled before
the month is out under the Pilgrim Covenant of Stewardship.

Special attention will be given our church schools and
young people, the enlistment of whom will constitute a great
objective of the campaign. This, it is hoped, will bring an
awakened and prepared membership to the first week in De-
cember, ready for the simultaneous, nation-wide. Every Mem-
ber Canvass on Sunday afternoon, December 7.

Since the measure of our success in this great undertaking
will depend upon the measure of our co-operation in these
plans, we earnestly ask our pastors and church leaders so to
arrange their work as to comply with these suggestions and
conscientioush^ to set aside the month of November for these
most important ends. As every pastor will wish to bring these
subjects before his people at some time during the year, it
ought not to be difficult for us to agree to present them unit-
edly on the days proposed and thus gain the tremendous im-
petus that such team work always affords.

Interchurch World Movement

The members of the Council have been advised through
many channels of the undertaking launched in recent months
under the above title. Your Commission met last February
as soon as the project had taken tentative shape and after
considering it in all its features and its bearings upon our
denominational responsibilities passed the following vote:
, "The Commission on Missions at a meeting held in New
York, February 7, 1919, considered at length the plan of a

158 THE COMMISSION ON MISSIONS

United Drive proposed by the General Committee of the In-
terchurch World Movement of North America and desires to
commend the plan most cordially to the favorable considera-
tion of the Boards. It feels that there is here opened before
the Protestantism of America the possibility of a new and
glorious era of co-operative effort."

Since the meeting above mentioned the Movement has been
steadily developing and as the plans now stand they com-
prehend the following features:

1. United Study. County by county in this country and
mission by mission in foreign lands, it is proposed that the
exact facts be discovered to the end that the needs of each
community and region may be appraised and the whole task
of the whole church put in clear light and due proportion.

2. A Combined Budget. On the basis of the world survey
it is purposed that in each denomination a budget of needs
be drawn up, every side of which shall have relation not only
to the past effort and future plans of the denomination con-
cerned, but also to the whole situation as represented by the
allied denominations. While it is not purposed that the
World Movement shall exercise any control over the budget
adopted by a given denomination, it is understood that the
whole enterprise is conceived in a spirit of fraternal concern
for economy of effort and mutual helpfulness. The sum of
all the budgets as thus drawn out in detailed form and jointly
reviewed will be the combined budget of American Protes-
tantism for the year ahead.

It is understood that though the specific figures will be for
a single year, they will take into account the needs of a five-
year period. At the inception of the plan it was hoped that
the combined budget might be not merely inclusive of de-
nominational agencies but might also comprise such important
undenominational agencies as the Y. M. C. A., Y. W. C. A.,
American Bible Society, the American Sunday School As-
sociation, etc. After prolonged consideration this feature has
been abandoned for the present with the approving judgment
of all concerned.

3. A United Appeal. During a given number of days at
some point in 1920 it is proposed that the 50,000,000 people
constituting the Protestant constituency of America be asked.

THE COMMISSION ON MISSIONS 159

community b}'- community, to underwrite the united budget
for the year ahead, payment of pledges to be made week by
week through customary church channels.

4. A United Program of Work. It is proposed that this
plan shall carry the steadily growing co-operation of recent
years in the mission field on to the point of the most com-
plete co-ordination which the conditions of our separate or-
ganizations permit.

It is proposed that the whole broad field of missions be
covered, including home and foreign missions in all their
branches, Christian education in all its aspects and Sunday
school interests of every type.

AYliile the above plan does not interfere with the separate
responsibilities of the denominations and agencies concerned,
it will be at once perceived that it pro\ades a wide field of
important duties which are to be taken up jointly through
the executive organization of the Llovement. The chief of
these may be outlined as follows : —

(a) Missionary Education. The Movement has taken over
the Missionary Education Movement and the La;^Tnen's Mis-
sionary Movement and is endeavoring, along the lines fol-
lowed by those two organizations and other lines as well, to
bring home to the consciousness of our evangelical churches
the significance of the missionary task to which they have set
their hands. While in the nature of the case the Movement
must leave the major portion of such effort to denominational
agencies, there remains a wide field which patently can be best
cultivated by an undenominational agency,

(b) Education in Stetvardship. It is the conviction of
those in the leadership of the Movement that we shall never
rise to the measure of our duty in any of the branches of
Christian service except as there is a deepening and broaden-
ing consciousness among Christian people of the principles
which underlie such service. Comprehensively these may be
described as the principles of stewardship. The word has
been long on the tongues of Christian teachers but it laay be
doubted whether its meaning has ever really found lodgment
in more than a small fraction of the minds of the members of
our churches.

160 THE COMMISSION ON MISSIONS

(c) Inspirational Activities. These of course lie in the
educational field, but have to do with those miscellaneous
forms of agitation, such as summer conferences, special con-
ventions, stereopticon lectures and the like, whose design is
to arrest the attention and turn the minds of Christian peo-
ple to the missionary theme.

(d) In the same field are the varied forms of publicity,
having as an immediate object the securing of contributions
for the budgets of the different agencies. There is every
reason to believe that with the right type of publicity, per-
severingly carried out, the whole subject can be lifted out of
the ruts into Avhich it has frequently fallen and made one
of the prominent themes of thought and conversation in the
whole Christian communitj-. If this can be done by such
joint action as is planned it will be bj- no means the least of
the advantages attained.

(e) Prominent among the aims of the Movement is the
enlistment of workers. It is recognized by all that it is quite
idle to raise money unless fit men and women can be secured
to undertake the tasks at home and abroad which make up
the sum of world missions. All denominations have been
sorely at fault in this matter during recent years. It appears
wholly desirable that they should unitedly and on the broad-
est possible basis of appeal thus seek to recruit their staff of
workers.

The organization of the Interchurch World Movement is in
no sense as yet complete. For the time being it consists of a
General National Committee of about 150 persons, and is rep-
resented between sessions by 'an Executive Committee of a
little over twenty. It is keenly felt by the leaders of the
Movement that all possible means must be used to give it a
democratic and representative character. They are, there-
fore, desirous of having the members of the General Com-
mittee chosen by the national bodies concerned. Your Com-
mission recommends that the Council respond to this desire
either by nominations of its own or by giving the Commis-
sion power to name the Congregational members of the Gen-
eral Committee.

In case the Council approves the recommendations of the
Commission, contained in the financial section of this report.

THE COMMISSION ON MISSIONS 161

with relation to the future movement of our plans, the respon-
sibility for co-operation with the Interchurch World Move-
ment should be laid upon the Commission charged with the
prosecution of our own denominational program. A para-
graph in the section alluded to makes provision for such co-
operation. A wide variety of questions as to methods, date of
canvass, etc., will need to be faced and can only be intelligently
disposed of as they arise.

It will be perceived that an undertaking of such dimen-
sions as the World Movement will involve a very heavy budget
of expense. It will, however, not be heavy as related to the
total income of the Mission Boards co-operating. It is the
design that there shall be maintained a central treasury and
that at the time of the simultaneous canvass, appeal be made
for undesignated gifts which shall meet the expenses of the
Movement and which shall thus be a contribution to the wel-
fare of the total mission cause.

Your Commission looks with profound hope toward the
Movement thus described. It is far and away the most sig-
nificant step taken for many long years toward the essential
unity of Protestantism. If it can be carried out in its spirit
and intent and prosecuted through a long succession of years
it cannot fail to prove the path to that completer unity of
Christendom for which we pray.

The central and impelling motive of the whole proposal
is that we shall so join our forces as to put the enthusiasm,
the intelligence and the devotion of American Protestantism
solidly behind the world task in which we have thus far fallen
so far short of our duty. Only thus can we secure adequate
enlistment of our young men and women in the heroic sacri-
fices of Christian leadership. Only thus can we secure ade-
quate funds for such a program as is demanded by fidelity
to Christ and His Kingdom.

The plan is submitted to the Council with hearty commen-
dation and the recommendation that it be unreservedly en-
dorsed.

Future Demands

As we draw ijiear to 1920 there is no diity so obvious as
that of pressing with all possible vigor toward the goals which
we have set before ourselves in the Tercentenary Program.

162 THE COMMISSION ON MISSIONS

Those goals are the symbols of fundamental obligations of
the Church of Christ. Moreover they deal with departments
of effort in which we have been notably delinquent. From
this Council, therefore, should go forth the summons to quick-
ened effort in completing the Program we have been following.
We shall, however, be sadly lacking in vision and fidelity
if we do not at tliis time lay plans for the months and years
which follow the Tercentenary date. World conditions lay an
unprecedented obligation upon the Church of Christ. We are
confronted by the sullen strife of hostile forces. The tempest
of war has died down, but the surf still breaks on all the
shores. There are class conflicts in every land, some of them
accompanied by mob violence or armed warfare. Race antag-
onisms are keener than for many a decade. The recent clash
of whites and blacks in our own land is but a symptom
of the time. Everywhere resentments old and new have been
fanned to flame. If this ferment of striving forces is to be
stilled it must be by the Gospel of Christ. That Gospel can
do its work only through men and women who are possessed
by its power and who j'ield themselves to the service of the
world in sacrificial devotion. We are confronted by measure-
less and pathetic needs. Famine prevails over large areas.
Disease follows in its train. Broken homes, devastated fields
and idle factories are common sights to Old World eyes. The
orderly life of church and school has been suspended. Men
and women by countless millions go about their daily tasks
in dull despair. Never was there so boundless a demand for
the Church's ministry of mercy. We are confronted by the
breaking up of old faiths and traditions. The Mohammedan
or Buddhist or Hindu world of today is not the world of
yesterday. The minds of men are accessible and let us hope
hospitable to new ideas. But they will not drift into a
Christian view of life. They must be won. The way of win-
ning is the way of the Cross. Meanwhile a new test for the
Church of Christ is found in the lands where it has long
been established. There, too, she must meet the restless, in-
quiring, challenging mood of men. As leader and teacher in
the ferment of our time she has need of double enduement of
divine wisdom and power. These and like tasks, overwhelm-
ing and urgent, bring us face to face with our painful short-

THE COMMISSION ON MISSIONS It) 3

comings and summon us to a totally new sort of life and
ser'sdce.

In addition we find ourselves ashamed and humiliated by
the contrast between the kind of effort evoked in war and the
kind we have given to the tasks of peace. Money has been
poured out like water. Countless lives have been surrendered
for hardship and death. Leadership of surprising amount
and quality and devotion has everywhere arisen. No under-
taking has been too huge, no appeal too audacious. With
clear-eyed and smiling courage America for nearly two years
devoted her money power, her man power and her prayer
power to meeting the crisis hour of the world. It is an alto-
gether happy and heartening thing to remember. But how
impossible to return to old levels of service. Shall the nation
which has counted out billions to win a war, count out a
few scanty millions to w^in a world for Christ*? Shall our
young men and women who have had a taste of heroic devo-
tion return to the easy ways of selfish pleasure and pursuit
of gain? Shall the eager tide of thought and study given
to the problems of war now turn to other forms of world
helpfulness or waste itself on the lesser concerns of life?

Transferring these general statements into the terms of
our denominational life we are compelled with thoughtful
and humble searching of heart, to face the demand of the
hour. Every memory of the high achievements of the past,
every conviction inherited from the men of faith whose name
we bear, summons us to a higher standard of devotion. Be-
ginning in the field of our gifts for local uses, it is only
too plain that we shall do no more than mark time unless we
provide in far more sufficient way for aggressive effort.
Many of our church plants are inadequate. They make no
real and dignified pro\asion for the varied service the church
of today must render. Not a few^ need an increased staff of
workers. A single minister in a city parish labors against,
hopeless odds.

Turning to our mission gifts, it is even more glaringly plain
that we must set for ourselves new aims. In what possible
sense is the three dollars per member, given annually for all
missions and charities, the measure of our ability or duty.
How can our Mission Boards even begin to cover the vast

164 THE COMMISSION ON MISSIONS

field of their responsibilities with the two dollars per capita
which we place in their hands'? We have long known and
mourned the inadequacy of our gifts. But now there is
revealed as by a flash of light, through the achievement of
sister denominations, the possibility of better things. During
recent months the Methodist Episcopal and Presbyterian com-
munions, with a noble response to the challenge of the new
day, have carried their gifts for missions to a point unprece-
dented in their history and from two to three times the aver-
age of our own membership. Their obligation and their
ability are not different from our own. Shall we not, in a
spirit of generous emulation, move with them into an era
of bolder plans and ampler gifts?

If our workers in mission fields at home and abroad could
reach our ears, they would tell us how critical is the hour
in which we live. They have toiled on through patient years
on low salaries, with reinforcements deferred and in build-
ings pathetically unsuited to their work. Despite these diffi-
culties the}^ have made a record of noble achievement which
warms our hearts. But this situation must not continue. To
permit it would be gross disloyalty to our ideals and to the
devoted men and women who represent us on the firing line.

We must also face and answer the call of our time for a
richer surrender of life. There must be an unwonted volume
of interest and of prayer behind our gifts. We must have
more of world vision and of missionary passion. In larger
numbers and with fullest devotion our sons and daughters
must dedicate themselves to the ministry and to mission
service. We must have done with the situation long in
force which has compelled us to draw practically half our
leaders from other communions. Under the conscription of
faith and love we must fill up our ranks.

It becomes, therefore, a matter of simple honesty and of
elementary fidelity to our Master to face our needs and to
fashion such future course of action as they demand. It is
plain that this cannot be done in haste. It must be the
product of patient inquiry. The program which we adopt
should not be for a year, but for a stretch of years. It must
not deal with external activities merely, but must go to the

THE COMMISSION ON MISSIONS 165

roots of our denominational life. It must be projected upon
broad lines of educational publicity, with a purpose of accom-
plishing nothing less than the enlistment of the judgment
and conscience of our total membership.

REPORT OF THE COMMISSION ON EVANGELISM

The Report of the Commission on Evangelism is divided
into two sections. The first relates the work and plans of
the Commission up to the time that its activities were prac-
tically merged with those of the Tercentenary Evangelistic
Committee ; the second covers the work of that Committee up
to the present time.

Soon after the close of the Meeting of the National Council
in Columbus in October, 1917, the Commission on Evangelism
met in Chicago and took up the recommendations of the
Council in a positive way. Rev. Dwight Goddard of Ann
Arbor was added to the Commission in place of Mr. W. B.
Davis of Ohio, who found it impossible to serve. The Com-
mission also asked Dr. H. F. Swartz of New York and Dean
Frank G. Ward to sit with it as counseling members.

At the first meeting iil Chicago on November 8, 1917,
it was decided to prepare a program for the work of the
Commission and to set to work at once in the effort to raise
the funds necessary to provide the salary of a Secretary.
Mr. Goddard gave generously of his time in the solicitation
of subscriptions and an excellent beginning was made.

The Commission found that it would be obliged to make a
considerable adventure of faith if it were to attempt to put
its program into execution in the autumn as it had desired
to do. An unexpected pressure of work in connection with
a financial campaign had engrossed the time of the chairman
and the war conditions made the prosecution of the work
extremely difficult. The Tercentenary Committee of Evan-
gelism held a meeting in New York on November 7, 1918,
at w^hich time an organization was effected to undertake vigor-
ously the work of the five-fold program which contemplates the
addition of five hundred thousand members to the Congre-
gational churches in the five years of the campaign. As this
is evangelism, it appeared to the Committee that relations
should be established with the Commission on Evangelism,

COMMISSION ON EVANGELISM 167

and therefore the members of the Commission were invited
to become corresponding members of the Committee.

This action was thoroughly acceptable to the Commission,
who heartily approved a plan that would insure larger re-
sources for the execution of the program which they had stri-
ven to carry out. The subsequent activities of the Commission
on Evangelism are involved therefore in the work of the
Committee, whose report follows herewith.

In the earh^ autumn of 1918 the Tercentenary Committee
faced the question of its course for the last two years of the
Tercentenar}^ period. It found that effective work had been
or was being done under three of the five items of the Ter-
centenary Program. For item 1, the Tercentenar}^ campaign
of 1916 made fairly adequate provision, including the pub-
lication of ''Pilgrim Deeds and Duties," helps for sermons
and addresses on Pilgrim Principles, the correspondence
course, etc., etc. For item 4, that is, the attainment of our
goal to reach the apportionment, the Every Member Drive
of last year set up machinery and stimulated the churches
to increased effort and enthusiasm that promises much in this
direction. For item 5, the Pilgrim Memorial Fund Commis-
sion was organized by the National Council and is prosecuting
a most vigorous campaign for securing the $5,000,000 endow-
ment.

The Committee discovered, however, that little had been
or was being done to realize the aim of Article III, which
called for an adequate number of recruits for the gospel
ministry, missionary service, and the like ; nor for Article II,
under which we set out to attain the standard of 100,000 addi-
tions to our churches annually. Holding in mind the thought
that in the final year of the Tercentenary campaign it might
be well to emphasize item 3, namely, the recruiting of Chris-
tian workers, it was decided to concentrate upon item 2 in
1919. The Committee desired permanent results, and there-
fore consulted the Secretary of the National Council and
the Chairman of the Commission on Evangelism of the Na-
tional Council, also making the members of the last named
Board all corresponding members of the Tercentenary Com-
mittee, and with this co-operation evolved a plan of action.
The Tercentenary Committee on Evangelism was therefore

168 COMMISSION ON EVANGELISM

appointed, inchiding' as ex-officio members, the Secretary of
the National Council and the Chairman of the Commission
on Evangelism, with five other working members. The names
are as follows :

Rev. C. E. Burton, Chairman

Rev. Robert E. Brown

Pres. Ozora S. Davis

Rev. Ernest M. Halliday

Rev. H. C. Herring

Rev. F. L. Moore

Rev. E. S. Rothrock

Early in November, 1918, the Committee met and deter-
mined upon its course; but first of all it adopted the funda-
mental aim which was two-fold in nature : first of all, to
develop a deep-seated spirit of evangelism throughout our
entire fellowship ; and secondly, to secure the incorporation
in the life of every church of a clear-cut, definite plan of action
for reaching men in an all-the-year-round, church-wide pro-
gram of evangelism.

The machinery chosen for carrying out this aim was simple
and direct. Plans were made for a call to prayer for a six
weeks' period preceding Easter, in which period centered
also the first objective of a program of evangelism in the local
church, which program was outlined at the same time. For
the purpose of securing a response to the call for prayer and
the adoption of the program of evangelism, a double approach
was made to the churches, (1) by mail to every pastor, and
(2) by personal contact through the denominational organiza-
tion; that is, the National Council, the Church Extension
Boards, the Religious Education Boards, the A. M. A., and
for the foreign field, the American Board.

The call to prayer sought to unify the intercession of our
people by the circulation of a booklet entitled "The Fellow-
ship of Prayer," giving daily Bible reading, text, sentiment,
hymn, meditation and subject for prayer, together with sim-
ple prayer form. 150,000 of these were printed for circula-
tion upon the order of our pastors and churches. These prayer
leaflets were used in a variety of ways. Some churches used
them as the basis of discussion in the prayer meeting or mid-

COMMISSION ON EVANGELISM 169

week service of the church. Other churches conducted serv-
ices in the church three evenings of the week, using the prayer
calendar as the basis of meditation and prayer. Other churches
organized groups which met in the morning, at noon or at
evening, in various homes, and in these neighborhood meetings
hearts were joined together in fervent prayer to God for His
blessing upon the people and the work of the church. But
perhaps the widest use of the leaflet was in the homes of the
people for there through its use many hundreds of families
were led to re-establish the family altar. The use of the Prayer
Calendar was one of the most significant pieces of co-operation
ever carried through by the Congregational churches.

The second approach by mail was the sending to every
pastor an eight-page leaflet entitled "A Program of Evan-
gelism." This leaflet outlined concisely methods of organiza-
tion and of enlistment of the entire church membership in
an all-the-year-round program of action for making disciples.
25,000 copies of this booklet were furnished on the t)rder of
our churches for the guidance of pastors and officers in plan-
ning their work. The following subjects were included in the
pamphlet: Organization for Evangelism; Surveys of Evan-
gelistic Opportunities^; Evangelism in Services; Evangelism
in Each Department and Personal Evangelism.

Accompanying the circulation of these and other printed
helps, e. g., the "Win One More Fellowship" and "Congre-
gational Fellowship," a letter was addressed to every pastor
on the first of each month, directing attention to the plans
and stimulating eagerness and constancy in carrying them
out. Evidences of the appreciation of this service by pastors
and of its wide usefulness are very many and most gratify-
ing. Supplementing the personal letter, articles were pre-
pared and published in The Congregationalist and Advance,
in The American Missionary, in State papers, etc. State
conferences and local associations were also prompted to put
the subject of evangelism, and particularly of this campaign,
upon their regular programs.

Valuable as was the approach through the written and
printed page and upon the platform, far more useful was
the personal contact secured through the denominational or-
ganization. Each year in the third week of January are held

170 COMMISSION ON EVANGELISM

the Mid-winter conferences. These bring together for a week 's
conference the thirty-six Directors of the Church Extension
Boards, representative pastors and laymen from all parts of
the country, the state conference and home missionary super-
intendents (only one was absent last year), the National
Secretaries of the several Societies and of the National Coun-
cil, the field force of the Religious Education Boards and
of the A. M. A., the representatives of the woman's organiza-
tions, etc., etc. To the sessions of this conference were taken
the plans of the Committee ; here they were amended and ap-
proved, and provision made for carrying them to the churches.
These plans provided for a committee in each state composed
for the most part of a representative from each association
in the person of the chairman of the committee of that asso-
ciation. At this Mid- winter conference, after unhurried prayer
and consideration, the state leaders covenanted together
to carry both the spirit and the program to their several
states. The first item in this plan provided that the state
or district superintendents should arrange immediately a
retreat, to which should be invited a leader from each asso-.
ciation in the state or district. It was proposed that these
men should come together in the spirit of prayer and seek
the divine leadei*ship in planning to carry through the pro-
gram for the churches. With but few exceptions the states"
and districts conducted these retreats which proved surpris-
ingly enthusiastic. The men who attended the state and dis-
trict meetings then planned retreats for the pastors of their
associations, which were conducted somewhat on the same plan
as that of the state meetings, and with like helpfulness. The
reports that have come from these retreats have been most
heartening. Those held in New York and Chicago vied with
those held in far remote places in interest and helpfulness.
The results of these retreats were far-reaching, and ministers
everywhere were encouraged to undertake an evangelistic pro-
gram in their own parishes, adapting to local needs the pro-
gram suggested by the Committee.

In the book, "Program of Evangelism," and in the monthly
letters stress was laid on the Easter Ingathering, it being
urged that all the forces of the church be concentrated upon
the effort to secure a worthy number of additions to the

COMMISSION ON EVANGELISM 171

church of truly Christian people at the Easter time. To this
end pastors were encouraged to direct the prayers of their
people, their own preaching, the teaching of the Bible school,
pei-sonal effort, especially pastoral interviews, the activities
of the various organizations, etc., etc. For guidance in this
endeavor the Evangelistic Committee urged the churches to
prepare lists of prospective church members, sometimes called
constituency rolls, including all persons thought at all reach-
able by the church. The necessity of securing definite infor-
mation concerning prospective members led to careful can-
vasses in many parishes, which also was a most helpful feature.

An important item on the program for the Easter ingath-
ering was to urge pastors to establish Pastors' Training
Classes for the religious instruction of young people in Sun-
day School and church in preparation for church member-
ship. At the suggestion of the Committee, Secretary Sheldon
of the Education Society prepared and distributed a new
pamphlet on the Pastors' Training Class, filled with, many
helpful suggestions, and listing the various helps available
for pastors seeking material for such classes. The Congrega-
tional churches have always been leaders in religious educa-
tion, but the churches have not always evidenced as lively
an interest in leading boys and girls to a definite decision as
they might have. Through the efforts of the Education
Society and the Evangelistic Committee it is believed that
there will be a very decided development of this valuable fea-
ture of church work. It is encouraging to be able to report
evidences that the number of Pastors' Classes has doubled
within the year.

The Committee considers as most important the long range
results to be expected from starting churches on courses cal-
culated to make them more effective in winning souls. But
immediate results are of value, and especially so since they
afford the promise for the future. The success of the churches
in the Easter ingathering is, therefore, most significant. Of
course, no complete report is available, but many churches
have reported substantial increases in membership, and there
are indications that 1919 will show a very decided improve-
ment over the previous year. Six hundred and fifty-six
churches reported directly to the office of the Committee the

172 COMMISSION ON EVANGELISM

results of the Easter campaign. These reports show additions

of 11,317, or seventeen per church, and classified by states

are as follows:

Additions for
No. Churches Additions Entire Year 191S
State Reporting Easter 1919 to same churches

Massachusetts 73 1,290 862

Vermont 65 784 627

New York 52 947 677

Ohio 47 844 633

Illinois 46 698 661

Connecticut 44 1.064 726

California 42 766 1,078

Wisconsin 25 496 449

South Dakota 24 238 276

New Hampshire 23 404 377

Kansas 20 281 323

Michigan 20 364 371

Minnesota 20 487 441

North Dakota 20 307 213

Maine 18 158 74

Nebraska 15 414 209

Colorado 12 137 156

Missouri 11 225 340

Washington 11 122 76

New Jersey 9 362 387

Texas 9 118 56

Oregon 8 156 129

Montana 7 50 12

Oklahoma 6 68 10

Idaho 5 85 30

Indiana 5 74 87

Pennsylvania 5 139 144

Rhode Island 4 83 66

Georgia 3 14 0

Arkansas 2 16 23

Hawaii 2 77 98

Alaska 1 6 8

Arizona 1 10 8

District of Columbia ... 1 33 52

656 11,317 9,679

It is interesting to note that these 656 churches which re-
ported 9,679 additions during the year 1918, now report 11,-
317 additions at the Easter Communion this year ; that is, the
number of additions for Easter, 1919, was 17 per cent greater
than for the entire year 1918.

Of course, it needs to be said that results in these churches
do not guarantee as significant a growth in the denomination
at large, since the churches reporting are only about one-
eighth the total number. There is reason to believe that even
if the rate of growth for the denomination is not fully up to

COMMISSION ON EVANGELISM 173

the record in these churches, there has been nevertheless a
very significant upward trend in the addition to membership.

The most significant thing about the campaign is that the
churches have been brought together in a co-operative cam-
paign of spiritual work wherein the churches encourage one
another in rational, evangelistic endeavor. We cannot but
believe that as the years go by this kind of co-operation will
become more and more general and regular.

Directly following Easter a ballot listing proposed items

for the next year's program was sent to all pastors, asking

them to express their preference of items to be included in the

program from September, 1919, to Easter, 1920. About one

thousand ballots were returned, which gave the following vote

in favor of:

Pastors' Training Classes 622

Reclamation of Absentees 581

Prayer Calendar 560

Pastors' Retreats 527

Enlistment Campaign 503

Holy Week Services 423

Personal Workers' Campaign 411

Good Friday Services 384

Week of Prayer 306

With this vote as a basis of preference, the Committee has
outlined the following program for this year's work:

Program fob 1919-1920

Septem'ber-Deceniber

1. Church and Sunday School rallies with "every-home visitation"
by pastor and lay workers to discover new families and enlist new
members in the Sunday School. "Go-to-church" Sunday, September 27.

2. A national absentee campaign to find Congregationalists who
have removed without letter and persuade them to become affiliated
with the church near their new home.

January-Easter

1. The evangelistic movement to be initiated early in the year,
utilizing if possible Watch Night and the interdenominational Week
of Prayer.

2. State and association ministers' retreats.

3. A campaign of publicity for the local church.

4. The formation of prayer circles to use a "Fellowship of Pi-ayer."

5. Enlistment and training of a small group of tactful, conse-
crated members to assist the pastor in securing decisions for Christ.

6. Enrollment of Children in the Pastor's Training Class to meet
weekly during Lent.

7. Devotional services in every church conducted by the pastor
during Holy AVeek with union Good Friday services wherever pos-
sible.

8. The Easter Ingathering (April 4).

174 COMMISSION ON EVANGELISM

Co-operating with and following the lead of the Commission
on Evangelism, the Committee engaged as Executive Secre-
tary, Rev. F. L. Fagley, D.D., who came to the office on
April 1, ready to devote himself to a thoroughgoing study of
the work of the church in reaching men and prepared to
serve the denomination in finding and promoting the most
effective evangelistic methods.

The campaign has been financed from personal contribu-
tions direct and through the Commission, by offerings from
the churches, chiefly Holy "Week offering, and by appropria-
tions from the Home Missionary Society and its constituent
state bodies. The Society has considered this aid to them all
as comparable with that granted to individual churches. This,
however, was done with no thought of committing the denomi-
nation to this as a policy.

The Tercentenary Evangelistic Committee is greatly grati-
fied at the evident usefulness of its effort; and, most of all,
at the indication that the denomination is prepared to move
forward strongly along the line of this fundamental work of
the church.

EEPORT OF THE COMMISSION ON ORGANIZATION

The charter of the Commission on Organization was defined
in the report of the Executive Committee of the National
Council of Congregational Churches adopted at the session
of the Council held in Columbus, Ohio, in October, 1917,
as follows :

"Our Congregational fellowship throughout its history has
been primarily concerned about ideals and spiritual values.
It has neither occasion nor purpose to change this attitude.
But recent years have brought to us a clearer perception of
the advantages of simplified and fitting organization through
w^hich to labor for ideal ends. Large progress has been made
toward such organization in national and state matters. Much
less progress has been made in the effective organization of
local churches and district associations. There would be
distinct advantage in designating a responsible agency to
study the subject and to make suggestions looking toward
more adequate ways of addressing ourselves to our total
task. Certain questions which at the present time are as-
signed to the Executive Committee but for whose proper
care it has neither time nor special competency should be
transfeiTed to such a Commission. Among them are the
conservation of church properties and the establishment of
a system of pastoral supply bureaus."

By vote of the same Council certain proposed constitutional
amendments were referred to the Commission. The omnibus
character of the function of the Commission found further
expression in the comprehensive and very careful report of
a committee appointed by the Mid- Winter representatives
held in St. Louis in January, 1918, and presented to the
Mid- Winter Missionary Conference at Chicago last January.
That Committee considered not only many problems relating
to the inner life and working of state organizations, but also
to their structure and function, and specifically suggested
that the latter be referred to this Commission for considera-
tion.

176 COMMISSION ON ORGANIZATION

The wide latitude thus defined suggests a divisional treat-
ment of unrelated problems. They are presented under four
general heads :

I. Congregational Organization.

II. Conservation of Church Property.

III. Problem of Pastoral Supply.

IV. The Relation of Congregational Organization to the
Problems of the New Era.

Congregational Organization,

1. Local Church. The charter above quoted gave expres-
sion to the special need of effective organization of local
churches and district associations. In the organization of
the local church there is wide diversity of usage from little
or no organization to well co-ordinated departments of church
activities under defined leadership with the pastor as the
executive head. Many churches have adopted Roy 's, Thomp-
son's, Ross', or Barton's manual as their guide of action
without other constitution or by-laws than therein provided.
Many churches have maintained a wholesome life and highly
fruitful service with, little organization. Marked personal
leadership may atone for the lack of well defined organiza-
tion, but the advantages of an organism embracing all the
activities of the church both in its own internal life and in
relation to its missionary, social and civic obligations are too
obvious for discussion. Manifestly any proposed organism
cannot be adapted to all conditions. The village and rural
populations call for modified forms of organization, from
the simpler to the more elaborate. Your Commission has
studied with some care the Constitution for a Congregational
Church sent out two years ago from the National Council
office. It is substantially approved as a distinct advance upon
the loosely constructed organism of many of our churches.
Your Commission are in accord with the purpose of the fram-
ers of this Constitution and believe that our churches should
be so organized as not only to cover the whole area of Chris-
tian service within their own bounds, but also to be properly
related to the organized activities of the district associa-
tions, the state conferences and the National Council. To
meet the objection of too elaborate detail and in the interest

COMMISSION ON ORGANIZATION 177

of simplicity' in the constitution we submit a modified form
in Appendix A, with details of method in the By-Laws. It
will thus be found practicable for any church to adapt this
simpler constitutional form to its local need.

2. State Conference. The organization and function of a
State Conference call for careful consideration. Pursuant to
the action of the National Council of 1886 in defining Minis-
terial Standing, that of 1907 in recommending uniform nomen-
clature, incorporation and larger associational functions, and
again that of the Council of 1913 in establishing representa-
tive direction of the benevolent societies of the denomination,
there has resulted an increasing uniformity both in the or-
ganization and exercised functions of our state bodies. There
remains, however, considerable divergence of method in our
constituted organization and activity. In the organization
of the state bodies there is practical unanimity in defining the
membership as comprising a delegate or delegates from each
church connected with a district association and such minis-
ters as have standing in a district association within the
bounds of the state. Additional representation is frequently
provided by defining state superintendents, members of
standing committees, trustees and others as ex-officio members.
This form of constituted membership prevails uniformly in
the West. Some state conferences, recognizing the church as
the unit of Congregational fellowship, designate their mem-
bership as a pastor or pastors of the churches and one or
more delegates from each church. In practical working the
difference is negligible. The placing and guarding of minis-
terial standing in a district association of churches and minis-
ters, now largely prevalent, gives the minister a permanent
dignity and official character and furnishes the most prac-
ticable medium of transferring his relation on change of
residence. Your Commission re-emphasizes the action here-
tofore taken by the National Council, and distinctly expresses
its preference for a uniform usage of placing ministerial
standing in a district association of churches and ministers
and of having district associations and state conferences con-
stitute their membership of delegates elect from the churches
and of ministers in good standing. Preponderance of minis-

178 COMMISSION ON ORGANIZATION

terial representation may be prevented by increasing the lay
representation.

The function of state organizations exhibits similar diver-
sity, but with a growing appreciation and assumption of
administrative powers. The older theorj^ of a meeting for
fellowship, worship and discussion of broad questions of
general policy and public interest has been supplemented, not
negatived, by an appreciation of the obligation to serve the
churches in an administrative way, a task assumed by nearly
all state bodies. In no state organization is there entire
absence of this function. In most self-supporting states there
has been either a formal merger of the State Conference and
the State Home Missionary Society or provision for common
service by the same board of trustees. Practically all state
conferences are now incorporated bodies and are vested with
power to receive, invest, hold and dispose of moneys and prop-
erties and to exercise such administrative functions as they
may vote. This evolution has had various stages of progress
and for the most part has become a fixed policy. The change
was made in the interest of simplicity, unity, and efficiency
rather than of economy. Complex organism was reduced to
simplicity of a single organization — the state conference, with
a board of trustees, with executive committee and an execu-
tive head or superintendent, in which body the promotion of
all state interests of the denomination is functioned. The
district association retains its distinctive function undis-
turbed, but state administration, care, counsel, and over-
sight, are of increasing significance.

Your Commission expresses its heart}^ appreciation of the
growth of state consciousness of responsibility and of in-
creased efficiency through centralized executive direction of
the interests of all of the churches of a state under the
leadership of a state superintendent and an executive
board. Divergence of usage in the precise form of adminis-
trative organization is a recognized privilege of Congrega-
tional churches. "We urge, however, in the interest both of
unity and efficiency that, in the administration of state af-
fairs, the state superintendent be vested with full executive
functions with such assistants as may be needed, and that
the activities of the national benevolent societies and any

COMMISSION ON ORGANIZATION 179

Other agencies within a given state always be in fullest
co-operation with the state superintendent. The policy of
districting a state into regional districts or the committing
of distinct functions, such as evangelism, finance, education,
missions, to special assistants covering the entire state, may
wisely be determined by each state. All agencies, however,
should be under the direction of the state executive, whose
service embraces not only the oversight of state missions, but
counsel and aid to all self-supporting churches, and the pro-
motion of the broader interests of the denomination through
the direction of the apportionment plan and all united move-
ments of the larger fellowship. We urge upon all the churches
that they increasingly avail themselves of the superior ad-
vantages given them in the counsel of their state superin-
tendent and especially in the choice • of permanent pastors
or temporary supplies and that they join in the united work
of the denomination under his executive guidance.

The development of the state conference administrative
program has revealed certain tendencies, both of strength
and weakness, which call for consideration and suggestive
recommendation. The advantages of the new order are evi-
dent, namely: simplicity and unity instead of complexit}^;
centralized direction and oversight ; a more intelligent grasp
and co-ordination of all denominational interests. The peril
lies in the over-emphasis of the state program as related to
the national and world-wide program ; the tendency to de-
termine state interests without sufficient consideration of and
counsel concerning the broader claims of the denomination ;
an exclusively local determination of the apportionment; and
a tendency to exercise national administrative functions with
danger of resultant provincialism. It is a pleasure to note
the unifying influence of the Mid-Winter Conference of
National and State representatives and of the co-operative
movements instituted by them.

In view, however, of these considerations Ave call special
attention to certain fundamental principles, in the related
organism of the local church, the district association, the
state conference, and the National Council: —

Each of these is an autonomous body in its own sphere and
independent of all other bodies in the same class. Each local

180 COMMISSION ON ORGANIZATION

church, district association, and state conference is a law
unto itself, and defines its own constituted life and action.
No one of these three is sufficient unto itself. The local church
cannot affdrd to be an isolated unit and therefore welcomes
the counsel and co-operative fellowship of the group of
churches with which it is associated in a district association.
Likewise the district association is an autonomous body, but
welcomes the executive initiative and direction of the state
conference in matters of common interest, expressive of the
fellowship and service of the whole body of churches. In
the same manner the state conference welcomes the executive
initiative of the National Council and of all the boards of
missionar}^ activity represented in the National Council or-
ganization. Theoretically and practically the larger group
ministers to the smaller body, and all maintain a co-operative
unity.

These principles are commonly accepted. As applied to
the state conference they are especially suggestive. They
mean that the state conference should magnify its own func-
tions, but should, on the one hand, carefully study the best
interests of the churches by magnifying the function and
service of the district association which is the most direct
expression of the will of the churches; and divest itself of
such functions as may be better served by the national body
or its representatives in any line of action. The development
of the life of the whole body will best be promoted by the
state bodies working within their own sphere of action and
by their ready acceptance of national direction wherever the
larger interests of the fellowship call for such action.

It is in the application of these principles in their bearing
upon prevailing usages that problems arise calling for careful
consideration and adjustment. In the promotion of a larger
unity in our State and National administrative interests, your
Commission makes four recommendations : —

(a) At, present our state organizations are without voice
in the National Council's plan for developing and correlating
missionary interests. We recommend the broadening of the
constitution of the Commission on Missions so as to give the
state bodies suitable representation and expression as follows :

COMMISSION ON ORGANIZATION 181

(1) That the Directors of the Extension Societies at their
mid-winter meeting preceding each National Council desig-
nate four persons whose knowledge of and participation in
the promotion of missions through state organizations qualify
them to speak for such organizations, and that the Nominating
Committee of the National Council select from these four
names two to be presented among their nominees for mem-
bership in the Commission on Missions, Under the four year
term plan it will thus come to pass that four of the Commis-
sion will have an especial relation to state organizations. This
will not mean that they are to be in any sense champions
or partisans of the states any more than those now nominated
to the Commission by the National Boards are champions of
those boards. The whole aim is to secure a broad, inclusive
and representative composition of the Commission. It may
be added that in order to give full force to the plan at an
early date the number of nominees presented by the Ex-
tension Directors in the first instance might be eight and
a corresponding selection be made by the Nominating Com-
mittee.

(2) That there be submitted to each State Conference the
proposal that by formal vote it signify its desire to conduct
the portion of its activities which bears on missions as a part
of the entire denominational missionary structure in which
the Commission on Missions shall be recognized as a co-ordinat-
ing agency.

Your Commission believes that this representation on the
Commission on Missions will not only serve to promote state
interests, but to broaden and nationalize their vision, program
and sense of obligation. We append to this report a recom-
mendation and a suggestive amendment to the Constitution
of the National Council embodying the foregoing proposal.

The proposed amendment increases the membership of the
Commission on Missions by the addition of only one member,
and, by reducing the representation of the Home and Educa-
tional groups by the election of one member for each of the
two boards, instead of one from each of five societies, the
character of the Commission as related to missionary interests
will remain unchanged, those not directly representing mis-

182 COMMISSION ON ORGANIZATION

sionary interest retaining, as they should, the larger voice
and balance of power.

(&) The Education Society, in its relation to educational
institutions and student aid, has clearly defined national ad-
ministrative functions; but in the promotion of a general
religious education program there is a. somewhat variant rela-
tion between the State Conferences and the Society. In many
Conferences the Society acts upon its own initiative ; in others
there is a complete state autonomy with an affiliated relation-
ship with the Society. The separation of the Sunday-School
Missionary Extension work from the promotive educational
work of the Education Society resulted in the transfer of the
service of a large number of men formerly representing the
missionary extension work to the distinctively educational
service. The judgment of your Commission is that the educa-
tional function of the Society, and especially in its relation
to the development of the Sunday-Schools, should be regarded
as a distinctly national function and uniformly w^elcomed
as such by the State Conferences. Such common acceptance
will not only give the Education Society a clear field of uni-
form and nation-wide service, but will suggest a distribution
of official service on broader areas than state boundaries, thus
avoiding the paralleling of the service of a state educational
official with that of the State Superintendent, with possible
friction, and at the same time broadening the influence and
reach of the educational specialist. We append to this report
a recommendation to this end.

(c) The Mid-Winter Conference of Representatives, Sec-
retaries, and Superintendents of the Home Missionary So-
ciety, held in Chicago in 1917, adopted the following resolution
which was transmitted to the Secretary of the National
Council :

RESOLVED that in the judgment of this body and in
agreement with the practice of some of the states it would
be helpful should the District Associations of each state
request and adopt a State Standard Course of Study as a
requirement of those seeking licensure or ordination at their
hands and who are without previous collegiate or seminary
training; and that as a further step toward the unifying of

COMMISSION ON ORGANIZATION 183

our methods of miuisterial training and for greater efSciency
it would be helpful should the states request the National
Council to prepare a National Standard which each state
may recommend to its local Associations for their adoption.

The lack of supply of College and Seminary trained men
for the ministry has necessitated the enlistment of a large
number of men for ministerial service who are without ade-
quate equipment. The several State Conferences have pro-
vided courses of study to meet the need of such candidates ;
and by withholding their full ordination until the completion
of such course the character of ministerial service has been
greatly advanced. There is, however, no uniformity in the
courses outlined by the several State Conferences, and candi-
dates frequently pass from one state to another during their
training. In our judgment the Education Society is the best
agency to effect such uniformity and we append to this report
such recommendation.

(d) The administration of ^Ministerial Relief funds through
the Board of Ministerial Relief and the several State Con-
ference Boards or state agencies has been harmonious and
with hearty co-operation and mutual understanding. There
are involved, however, frequent adjustments and duplication
of applications where aid is received from both national and
state sources. The larger service about to be rendered by the
National Board and the fact that ministers frequently change
residence suggest the wisdom of the largest possible unifica-
tion of our Ministerial Relief service. AVe append a suitable
recommendation.

4. Proposed Amendments to the Constitution of the Na-
tional Council.

Two proposed amendments to the Constitution were pre-
sented to the Commission on Organization. The first of these
proposed to add to Article III, paragraph C, the following
words : ' ' The President, or Acting President, of each of the
Societies, Boards and Associations, named in the opening
clauses of Article X of the By-Laws of said Council, to wit:
in lines 4-15 thereof, inclusive, shall also be members ex-
officiis of the Council. Alternates for such officers as such
members may in each case be chosen by the respective Boards
of Directors of said organization."

184 COMMISSION ON ORGANIZATION

The second proposed amendment is suggested as an amend-
ment to the above and reads : ' ' Voted ; to include in the
proposed amendment to the Constitution concerning Mem-
bership, Presidents of Theological Seminaries." (Minutes of
the National Council for 1917, page 64.)

Your Commission has given thoughtful consideration to
the arguments adduced in favor of each of these two amend-
ments. We are constrained to believe, however, that not only
are these amendments undesirable in themselves, but that if
adopted they would establish precedents for a series of amend-
ments that would certainly become embarrassing. The Na-
tional Council is, and in the judgment of your Commission,
ought to remain a Council of the Churches. We append a
recommendation, therefore, that these amendments do not
pass,

5. A Constitution for the International Council.

The International Councils held in London in 1891 and
in Boston in 1899 proceeded without any written Constitu-
tion, as practically did that of Edinburgh in 1908. At this
third Council, however, need was felt for some charter, and
the Council adopted a very slender Constitution "for the
government of future councils." No provision was made for
its amendment, and it can be modified by another Constitu-
tion whenever the Council is in session.

The essential things which such a document should provide
as to membership and order of business are stipulated in this
document. It is, however, inadequate as the basis of any
large co-operative action.

Much history has been making since 1908, and the Congre-
gational churches, with all churches and nations, are facing
world problems and tasks of international co-operation with
a courage and a vision which no body of churches or group
of nations possessed in 1908. It seems opportune, therefore,
for the Congregational churches of the w^orld to come to the
next International Council prepared to adopt a Constitution
which will provide the basis of a permanent organization, and
lay the foundation for the administration of the common in-
terests of those churches. Such interests exist already in our
great missionary enterprises, and are likely to increase, both

COMMISSION ON ORGANIZATION 185

witliin our denomination itself and in its relation to other
denominations and to the Kingdom of God at large.

We therefore have prepared and are submitting herewith
a proposed Constitution for the International Council. We
do not propose that this National Council shall formally
approve it, or take any action that may seem to commit the
churches of the United States to its provisions in advance
of their consideration by the International Council itself;
but we ask that it be received by this body, with any proposed
amendment which this National Council may desire, and
transmitted to the other National Unions, Federations or
Councils of Congregational Churches for their consideration,
with the information that it wall be presented for the con-
sideration of the International Council at its next meeting
in 1920.

The instrument which we have prepared is exceedingly
simple, but we think adequate for its proposed basis of union.
It undertakes no provision for the financing of the Inter-
national Council, that work being done as yet in each country
where a Council is to convene. If a more permanent and
more equitably distributed basis of financial support shall
become imperative, this proposed Constitution does not pre-
clude provision for it; but it seems to us unnecessary that
this instrument should anticipate that action.

Your Commission on Organization, therefore, submits the
subjoined instrument (Appendix B) as a proposed Constitu-
tion for the International Congregational Council, and moves
that it be received and transmitted to other national Congre-
gational bodies for their consideration before the next meeting
of the International Council, reserving, however, the privilege
of making such changes as further study may suggest.

6. Commissions, The services rendered by the several
Council Commissions have been of large and increasing value
and importance. For the last biennium the Commission on
Social Service has been practically merged in the National
Service Commission. The changed conditions make it un-
necessary to continue the latter and such functions as
remain may properly be assumed by the Social Service Com-
mission. That Commission and the Commission on Evangelism

186 COMMISSIOX ON ORGANIZATION

ask for enlarged membership. We append a recommendation
meeting such request.

Conservation of Church Property

A number of states, especially those in the Middle "West,
including Ohio, Indiana, Iowa, and Michigan, have secured
legislation enabling incorporated state bodies to take over
abandoned church properties where no provision is made for
their recovery by trust, deed, reversionary clause or otherwise.
The wise provision of the Congregational Church Building
Society in protecting its grant and loan investments by first
mortgage has provided ample security to the denomination in
very many instances. In the sale of abandoned churches such
mortgages bearing interest have brought into the treasury
of the Society its full investment in return. A number of
State Conferences have required that churches aided out of
the Home Missionary funds should convey their property to
the Conference, the later re-conveying to the church with the
provision that in case the church becomes extinct the property
should revert to the Conference. This provision, if not made
too mandatory and interpreted with some latitude in excep-
tional cases, is a commendable expedient. There remains,
however, need of legislation covering cases where neither
Home Missionary nor Church Building Society aid is given.

We especially commend the act of the Iowa Legislature of
1910, the substance of which is expressed in the following
paragraph :

' ' When a local religious society shall have ceased to support
a minister or leader or regular services and work for two years
or more, or as defined by the rules of any incorporated state,
diocesan or district society with which it has been connected,
it shall be deemed extinct, and its property may be taken
charge of and controlled by such state or similar society of
that denomination with which it has beeii connected."

It will be noted that the Iowa action is a general law cover-
ing all denominations. In Michigan and Indiana and other
states such legislation for Congregational churches has been
enacted. A suggestive fonn is given in Appendix "D."

commission on organization 187

Problem of Pastoral Supply.
The report of the Executive Committee to the last National
Council upon the wisdom and feasibility of establishing a
Bureau of Pastoral Supply at Chicago was referred to this
Commission. The report briefly reviewed the existing situa-
tion; the evolution of the Boston Bureau of Supply as the
agency of the Massachusetts Conference into the larger serv-
ice of all the New England States with an annual budget
of $5,000.00 provided by a per capita assessment of one and
a half cents from the New England membership plus amount
received by the Secretary of the Bureau for pulpit supply
and fees from those whom the Bureau serves. It called
attention to a like Bureau maintained by the New York Con-
ference at small expense and rendering valuable service to
the self-supporting churches of that state. In the remaining
sections of the country the State Superintendent constitutes
the onl}^ means of such service, varying in its degree by the
extent of his recognized function as superintendent of home
missions or of all state interests.

The defects of this partial provision were tersely stated
as a lack of defined responsibility, varied and imperfectly
defined methods, inadequate service to the ministry, lack of
needed information by those promoting pastoral settlements,
and the too limited area of operation by a single state.

The Executive Committee concluded its report in expressing
the judgment that the present plan is unsatisfactory and
inadequate and ought to be national in its character, and the
expense borne by all alike and its benefits accessible to all.
It further stated as an ideal solution the location of three
Bureaus of Pastoral Supply at Boston, Chicago, and San
Francisco. It frankly recognized the difficulty in the way
of such realization, namely: the formidable expense of main-
tenance, and the disproportionate benefit to the states remote
from the office of the Bureau. The report was referred to
this Commission for further study.

At the Mid- Winter Conference of National and State repre-
sentatives of the Extension Societies, almost every state being
represented, the chairman of your Commission presented in
detail the above outline of the report of the Executive Com-

188 COMMISSION ON ORGANIZATION

mittee and asked for free expression of opinion. The half
hour discussion revealed a state of indifference, with measur-
able support from New England and New York, but little
avowed interest from the Middle West and still less from
the Pacific Coast representatives, and a declination to go on
record upon the general proposition of sustaining a system
of bureaus under a per capita assessment of two cents per
resident member. With no satisfactory result arising from
this conference a letter was later addressed to all of the State
Superintendents west of New York restating the proposition
and making three distinct inquiries as follows : —

1. Would the nationalization of the Pastoral Supply Bu-
reau service with additional district offices at Chicago and
San Francisco be of distinct advantage and aid to your state ?

2. If so, would you approve of an additional two cent per
capita assessment to meet the necessary outlay ?

3. What suggestion have you to make, in the absence of
such service, for the better correlation of the present methods
and for the interchange of information?

To these inquiries addressed to twenty State Superintendents
there came eighteen replies, fifteen of which replied negatively
to the first and second questions and only three affirmatively ;
of the remaining two, one is known to be unfavorable to the
plan and the other qualifiedly favorable. There were no
practical suggestions in answer to the third inqiiiry except
that information should always be available for use on call.

The almost unanimous judgment of these representative
leaders that Bureaus of Ministerial Supply at Chicago and
San Francisco were not essential and their unwillingness
to approve the necessary two cent per capita assessment
appeared to your Commission to close the door of further
inquiry. We are, however, constrained to believe that full
consideration has not been given to the lamentable lack of
pastoral service, the very large number of vacant churches,
the difficulty of approach by ministers without service except
through the State Superintendent. Your Commission regret-
fully reports that the time does not seem ripe for carrying
out the suggestions of the report of the Executive Committee.

COMMISSION ON ORGANIZATION 189

We append a recommendation that further study of the prob-
lem be made by that Committee with such initiative recom-
mendation as their judgment may dictate.

The "Relation of Congregational Organization to the
Problems of the New Era

Loyalty to the Divine INIaster demands that the noble en-
thusiasm and labor of our soldiers and of the people at home
be conserved to the utmost for the life and work of His
Kingdom. Thousands who were outside of the organized
churcli and unconscious of Christian discipleship, have mani-
fested Christ's spirit. ]\Ien who have fought and wrought for
an unrecognized Christ must be enlisted in other and greater
efforts for Him. Of such is the Kingdom of Heaven, in the
coming daj^s, if that Kingdom is to come on earth.

As an outgrowth of the present democratic trend which
affects all forms of organizations and all classes of society,
searching questions are being asked concerning the Church
b}^ its friends as well as by those who are hostile. Some have
even ventured to prophesy the passing of the Church as an
organization and the complete elimination of ecclesiasticism.
There is abundant evidence that the Church has a supreme
function and mission, but an equal amount of evidence that
the Church will need to adapt itself to the changing times
and demonstra.te its right to efficient leadership in the com-
munity. If as an organization the Church ceases to give
evidence of essential leadership, it will cease to exist as an
effective force in our modern civilization.

The beginnings of a commiuiity church movement are al-
ready in evidence in three forms : first, the union church,
(unaffiliated, seldom attempted now, and in general not suc-
cessful) ; second, the federated church, an evolutionary state
which would probably eventuate in a third type and entirely
practicable in the average community; third, the community
church with denominational relationships, determined in dem-
ocratic fashion by the constituency of the organization. "We
append recommendations expressive of our interest in this
crisis of Christian history.

190 COMMISSION ON ORGANIZATION

APPENDIX A
CONSTITUTION FOR CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH

ARTICLE I.
Name.
The name of this church is Congrega-
tional Church of

ARTICLE II

Government and Fellowship
The government of this church is vested in its members,
who exercise the right of control in all its affairs. It is
amenable to no other ecclesiastical body, but it accepts the
obligations of mutual counsel, comity and cooperation in-
volved in the free fellowship of the Congregational Churches,
and pledges itself to share their common aims and work. This

church is in direct fellowship with the

Association, the Congregational Conference of ,

and the National Council of Congregational Churches of the
United States ; and with all churches which seek to promote
the Kingdom of our Lord Jesus Christ.

ARTICLE III
Faith

"We believe in the freedom and responsibility of the in-
dividual soul, and the right of private judgment. We join
with the fellowship of Congregational Churches in the Dec-
laration of Faith adopted by the National Council of Con-
gregational Churches:

Declaring our steadfast allegiance to the faith which our
fathers confessed, which from age to age has found its ex-
pression in the historic creeds of the Church universal and of
our communion, and affirming our loyalty to the basic prin-
ciples of our representative democracy, we hereby set forth
the things most surely believed among us concerning faith,
polity and fellowship :

We believe in God the Father, infinite in wisdom, goodness
and love ; and in Jesus Christ, His Son, our Lord and Savior,
who for us and our salvation lived and died and rose again

COMMISSION ON ORGANIZATION 191

and liveth evermore; and in the Holy Spirit, who taketh of
the things of Christ and revealeth them to us, renewing, com-
forting, and inspiring the souls of men. We are united in
striving to know the will of God as taught in the Holy Scrip-
tures, and in our purpose to walk in the ways of the Lord,
made known or to be made known to us. We hold it to be
the mission of the Church of Christ to proclaim the gospel
to all mankind, exalting the worship of the one true God, and
laboring for the progress of knowledge, the promotion of jus-
tice, the reign of peace, and the realization of human brother-
hood. Depending, as did our fathers, upon the continued
guidance of the Holy Spirit to lead us into all truth, w^e work
and pray for the transformation of the world into the King-
dom of God ; and we look with faith for the triumph of right-
eousness and the life everlasting.

ARTICLE IV

Membership
Section 1. Qualifications.

This church will Avelcome into its membership any person
who loves the Lord Jesus Christ and who purposes to live
according to His law of love.
Section 2. Conditions.

The membership of this church shall consist of those who
present satisfactory letters of transfer from other churches,
or confess their Christian faith and receive baptism (w^here
not previously baptized), and have been accepted by vote of
the church and publicly assent to its covenant.
Section 3. Reception.

All persons desiring to become members of this church
shall be examined by the Church Committee, who shall re-
port to the church the names of such as they recommend for
the approval of the church at a regular meeting.
Section 4. Duties

Members are expected to be faithful to all duties essential
to the Christian life; to attend regularly the services of the
church; to give systematically for its support, and its bene-
volences ; to share in its organized work ; and to seek dili-
gently the spiritual welfare of the church and the winning
of others to Christ.

192 COMMISSION ON ORGANIZATION

Section 5. Rights.

Members in good standing eighteen years of age or over
may act and vote in all transactions of the church.

Section 6. Termination.

1 — By letter or withdrawal.

A member in good standing may on request and by vote of
the church

(a) Be granted a letter of transfer to any Christian
church, but the particular local church shall be named in the
letter of transfer, and a general letter without such specifi-
cation shall not be granted. Letters of transfer shall he
valid for a period of six months. The name of the member
shall be retained on the roll until official notice is received
of reception by tli€ church to which the member has been
dismissed.

(&) Be given a certificate of church membership and his
name removed from the roll if he wishes to join a body not
in fellowship with this church, or

(c) Be released from membership if, after due conference
and deliberation, he is insistent in his request for such re-
lease.

2 — By retirement.

Members whose addresses have long been unknown or who
for a period of two years, in spite of kindly reminders, have
not communicated with the church or contributed to its sup-
port, may, by vote of the church, be transferred to the In-
active or Retired list. From the date of such transfer such
persons shall cease to be reported on the active membership
roll. If, after the expiration of a year, their addresses are
still unknown, or they are unwilling, to renew their active con-
nection with the church of Christ, their names may be dropped
from the roll by a further vote of the church.

3 — By exclusion.

Should a member become an offence to the church and con-
tinuously disregard his covenant duties, the church may ter-
minate his membership, but only after due notice and hear-
ing and after faithful efforts have been made to bring such
member to repentance and amendment. No membership

COMMISSION ON ORGANIZATION 3 93

shall be terminated by exclusion at the meeting at which the
motion for exclusion is made.

An}- person whose membership has been terminated may,
for good and suiScient reasons, be restored to membership by
vote of the church.

ARTICLE V

Officers and Committees
Section 1.

The officers of this church shall be a pastor, .... deacons,
.... trustees, a clerk, a treasurer, an auditor, and a Church
School superintendent. There shall also be a nominating
committee.

Section 2. Elections.

All officers and the nomination committee shall be elected
by ballot at the annual meeting by a majority vote.

Section 3. Pastor.

The pastor, to be chosen b}^ the church whenever a vacancy
occurs, shall hold his office without limitation of time and
may be installed (or recognized) by Council when pastor and
church so desire. It shall be his duty to preach the Word, to
care for the stated services of public worship, to administer
the ordinances and promote the spiritual welfare of the church
and those whom it serves. He shall be ex-officio member of all
boards and committees, shall preside at all meetings of the
church except when matters concerning himself are considered
and shall make a report of the year's work at the annual
meeting. "Wlien not installed the pastoral relation may be
dissolved either by the church or the pastor by a written
notice of such intention three months in advance.

Section 4. The Deacons.

The deacons shall be chosen for a term of three years, and
shall be ineligible for re-election after a service of two terms
until the lapse of one year. They shall assist in the prepara-
tion and administration of the ordinances, in caring for the
poor, the sick, the sorrowing and the stranger, and in min-
istering to the spiritual interests of the church and commu-
nity.

194 COMMISSION ON ORGANIZATION

Section 5. Trustees.

There shall be a board of .... trustees (a majority of
whom shall be members of the church), one-third of whom
shall be elected at each annual meeting to serve for three
years or until their successors are chosen. They shall have
the care and custody of the property of the church and have
charge of its financial affairs, but shall have no power to
buy, sell, mortgage, lease, or transfer property without specific
authority by vote of the church. They shall constitute the
Business Committee as defined in Article VI.

Section 6. Clerk.

The clerk shall keep a faithful record of the proceedings
of the church and of any organization of wliich he may be a
member ex-officio. He shall also keep a register of the mem-
bers of the church with date of their reception and removal ;
record baptisms, marriages and deaths, and make full report
to the church at its annual meeting. He shall issue letters
of transfer voted by the church, notifying the churches to
which they are addressed, preserve on file all communications,
documents and written official reports, notify all persons
elected to office, to committees or to membership in the church,
give legal notice of all meetings when such notice is necessary,
report all communications intended for the church, and con-
duct as may be necessary its correspondence.

Section 7. Treasurer.

The treasurer shall keep separate accounts of all moneys
received by him for the support of the church and those for
benevolent interests or for the conduct of any of its organi-
zations. He shall make report at the annual meeting with
vouchers for all disbursements, and his account shall be certi-
fied by the Auditor.

(NOTE — If instead of one general treasury, the elec-
tion of separate treasurers for church support and benevo-
lence as well as for each organization or department is pre-
ferred, the church should at least see that by all these or-
ganizations and departments receipts and expenditures of
every kind are reported to the clerk and are recorded in
the minutes of each year.)

COMMISSION ON ORGANIZATION 195

Section 8. Auditor.

The auditor shall audit the accounts of the church and of
all its organizations and present a report to the church at its
annual meeting.
Section 9. Church School Superintendent..

The Education Committee shall report to the church at its
annual meeting nominations for the office of Church School
Superintendent. The duties of the superintendent shall be
such as usually pertain to such office.
Section 10. The Church Committee.

The Church Committee shall consist of the pastor, the dea-
cons, the clerk, the Church School superintendent, and four
members elected at large, of whom two shall be women. The
committee shall pass upon all applications for church mem-
bership and for letters of dismissal and make recommenda-
tion to the church. The committee shall be members of the
Committee on Worship and Fellowship as defined in Article
VI.
Section 11. Nominating Committee.

A nominating committee of five persons shall be chosen at
the annual meeting, one of whom shall be a deacon and one
a trustee, who shall, before the next meeting, prepare a list
of nominations of officers a.nd committees for the ensuing year
and shall distribute such list of nominations at least one week
before the annual meeting. They may make provision for a
primary election if the church so desires. The right of a
member to maJ^e a nomination from the floor shall always be
recognized.
Section 12. Responsihility.

The pastor, clerk, treasurer, auditor. Church School super-
intendent, the deacons, trustees, the chairmen of the Nominat-
ing Committee and of the Church Committee shall be ex-
officiis members of the Church Cabinet provided for in Article
VI.

The church shall also elect the chairmen of the depart-
mental committees on Evangelism, Social Service, Religious
Education and Missions, outlined in Article VI, Section 2.
All officers and chairmen of committees shall present their
plans and activities to the Church Cabinet for their review
and approval.

196 COMMISSION ON ORGANIZATION

ARTICLE VI
Service
Section 1. Field.

This church will recognize the world as its field of service
with special duties springing out of its various relationships
to its membership, parish and community, as weU as the state,
the nation and the peoples of other lands.

Section 2. Departments.

The activities carried on in the cultivation of this field
shall be grouped under six departments as follows:

1 — Worship and Fellowship

2 — Evangelism

3 — Religious Education

4 — Social Service

5 — Missions

6 — Business.

Section 3. Direction.

The direction and conduct of these departments of service
shall be in the hands of a Church Cabinet of .... persons.
The Deacons, Trustees, Church Clerk, Church Treasurer,
Church School Superintendent, President of the Woman's
Association and President of the Christian Endeavor Society,
and the Chairman of each departmental committee shall be
ex-officio members. The church shall at each annual meeting
also choose .... members at large.
Section 4. Division of Duties.

The Church Cabinet as constituted under Section 3 shall
complete the sub-committees of the several departments of
service by adding to the Chairmen-elect as many persons from
the church membership as it may select. Each committee
shall cover such field and be clothed with such power as the
Cabinet may assign. Non-members who are supporters of the
church may be appointed at the discretion of the Cabinet.
This Cabinet may request the presence of all the members of
the sub-committee at meetings which deal especially with in-
terests entrusted to its care. It may also assemble the entire
body of sub-committees for consideration of the general in-
terests of the church.

COMMISSION ON ORGANIZATION 197

ARTICLE VII

Organizations
All organizations, such as the Church School, the Young
People's Society of Christian Endeavor, the Women's Mis-
sionary Society, are regarded as integral parts of the church
and shall be under the general oversight of the church to
which thej' shall make annual report, and shall from time to
time present their activities and need for the review of the
Cabinet and for its counsel and suggestive help.

ARTICLE VIII

Meetings

The annual meeting shall be held on

to hear the yearly reports of officers, organizations and de-
partments, to elect officers, to transact business and to adopt
plans for the New Year. Ordinary business may be trans-
acted at the midweek meeting.

ARTICLE IX

Amendments
This constitution may be amended by a two-thirds vote of
the members present and voting at any annual meeting of
the church or at a meeting specially called for that purpose,
the proposed amendment being inserted in the call. But no
change shall be made in Article II except at an annual meet-
ing and by a two-thirds vote of all the members of the church
entitled to vote, said proposed change having been laid before
the church in writing at a business meeting not less than one
month before the time of the proposed action and read from
the pulpit on the Lord's Day next succeeding such proposal.

FORM FOR ADMISSION OF MEMBERS

The Invitation and Its Acceptance

(The names of the candidates being read by the minister,
with a statement of the vote of the church receiving them into
membership, the candidates will come forward and the min-
ister will say:)

198 COMMISSION ON ORGANIZATION

Wherewith shall we come before the Lord, and what offer*
ing shall we make unto the most high God ? He hath showed
thee, 0 man, what is good; and what doth the Lord require
of thee, but to do justly, and to love mercy, and to walk
humbly with thy God?

The mercy of the Lord is upon them that fear Him; to
those that remember His commandments to do them and keep
them.

With the heart man believeth unto righteousness, and with
the mouth confession is made unto salvation.

Jesus said, Whosoever shall confess me before men, him
will I confess also before my father who is in heaven. Him
that Cometh unto me, I will in no wise cast out.

Having, therefore, received such promises, let us come with
confidence unto the throne of grace. Let us approach with
clean hands and a pure heart, with faith in God and love for
our fellowmen. Let us come with penitence and reverence;
with humility and boldness, with contrite spirit and gladness
of heart. Let us enter into our heritage as disciples of our
common Lord, into the fellowship of our Saviour Jesus Christ
and of the Church of the Living God. For behold, He hath
set before us an open door, and no man can shut it.

The Covenant of the Members

(Baptism having been administered to those who are not
already baptized, and those who were baptized in infancy
having ratified the covenant made on their behalf by Chris-
tian parents, the minister will address the candidates : )

Dearly Beloved : Confessing your reverent love for God,
your Heavenly Father, and your faith in Jesus Christ your
Saviour, you now enter into the membership of this church
in the service and fellowship of the Spirit of Truth. You
promise and covenant with God and the church to walk to-
gether with your Christian brethren in the fellowship of the
Gospel, and in all the ways of the Lord made known or to be
made known to you ; to share in the worship and work of this
Church, and the faith and devotion of the Church universal.
You engage to submit to the government and discipline of
this church until you are regularly dismissed therefrom; to
cooperate with it in all good enterprises; and to promote to

COMMISSION ON ORGANIZATION 199

tlie utmost of your power its prosperity, its purity and its
peace.

Trusting in the grace of God, do you thus covenant and
engage ?

Answer: I do.

The Response of the Church

(Here the church will arise and say:)

"We then affectionately receive you as members with us of
the Church of Christ. We bid you welcome, in His name, to
all the blessings and privileges which are connected with this
divine institution. We tender to you our Christian commun-
ion and most cordial fellowship, cherishing a fraternal in-
terest in your spiritual welfare, and desiring to aid you, by
our sjTnpathies, our counsels and our prayers, in discharging
the responsibilities which you have this day assumed.

The Right Hand of Fellowship

(Here the minister will give the right hand of fellowship to
each person with such words as he may think appropriate.)

(By the Pastor.)

And now may Almighty God, our Heavenly Father, help
you to fulfill the covenant which you have made with Him and
His people this day. The Lord bless you and keep you; the
Lord make His face to shine upon you and be gracious unto
you ; the Lord lift up His countenance upon you and give you
peace.

BY-LAWS
1 — Officers and Committees.

The general activities of this church shall be under the
care of a pastor, a clerk, a treasurer, an auditor, a church
cabinet, and a nominating committee. The departmental
activities of the church shall be committed to Trustees, Dea-
cons, annual Delegates and Standing Committees covering
the departments of Business, Worship and Fellowship, Evan-
gelism, Religious Education, Social Service and Missions.
2 — TJiQ Church Cabinet.

The officers of the church with the heads of all organiza-
tions, departments and standing committees shall form the

200 COMMISSION ON ORGANIZATION

church cabinet. It shall meet regularly for report and re-
view of all the work under its charge, and the pastor shall be
its chairman. It shall be an advisory body endeavoring to
promote the general efficiency of the church, its officers and
the various organizations within it, reviewing their budgets
of expense, counselling their various departments, co-ordinat-
ing their activities and recommending to the church such
adjustments as may seem wise concerning policy or admin-
istration. It shall make an annual report to the church and
shall prepare in advance for each annual meeting an outline
of the work proposed for the new year, together with a tabu-
lation of the budgets proposed for all departments of work.
The Cabinet shall meet on the

3 — Department of Business.

This department shall be under the direction of the Board
of Trustees. They shall provide for the prompt payment of
salaries and current expenses, and shall make full report of
all their doings at the annual meeting and present a budget
for the ensuing year and make provision for raising it by such
method as may be approved by the church.

4 — Department of Worship and Fellowship.

This department shall be under the direction of the Church
Committee and the annual Delegates and such other members
as the Church Cabinet may appoint. It shall he the duty of
this committee to recommend measures of discipline and re-
visions of the roll, to keep in touch with absent members, to
see that the pulpit is supplied in the pastor's absence, and
that the services and ordinances of the church are observed
with regularity and reverence. Unless otherwise provided it
shall have the direction of the musical service of the church.
It shall watch over the spiritual interests of the parish, and
see that the denominational and interdenominational fellow-
ship obligations of the church are fulfilled. It shall assist the
pastor in conserving a faithful membership, in developing a
vital fellowship, in procuring and distributing devotional
literature, in promoting public and family worship and in
providing opportunities and helps for the deepening of the
spiritual life. It shall annually present a budget covering
the work of this department.

COMMISSION ON ORGANIZATION 201

The Annual Delegates (with Alternates) shall be chosen to
represent the church at the State Conference, the District
Association and other similar fellowship occasions. They
will be expected to attend these meetings (for which their
traveling expenses will be paid by the church) and to
prepare themselves for an intelligent and helpful participa-
tion. It also will be their duty diligentlj^ to cultivate in the
members of the church a true valuation and care of the de-
nominational trusts involved in the acceptance of Congrega-
tional Fellowship, and to see that they are surrendered, if
at all, only after the mutual fellowship, counsel and approval
of the churches concerned.

5 — Department of Evangelism.

The Committee on Evangelism shall endeavor to cultivate
an evangelistic purpose and efficiency in all the life of the
church. At each annual meeting it shall report for the past
year and outline for the new year the evangelistic campaign
of the church, covering the education and training of its
membership in personal work and in the plans, methods and
seasons of. evangelistic effort applicable to all ages and classes
in the parish, and shall also suggest a budget for this work.
It shall endeavor to care for any neighboring unchurched com-
munities, and shall lead the church in all approved coopera-
tive plans for evangelism undertaken by its community or by
the denomination members shall consti-
tute this committee.

6 — Department of Beligiotis Education.

The Committee on Keligious Education shall have super-
vision and direction of the educational work of the church,
for which it shall present an annual budget. It shall be its
duty to propose to the church for adoption a system of re-
ligious education covering if possible all ages and classes in
its church school, correlate courses of instruction, appoint
assistant superintendents, officers and teachers, secure equip-
ment and supplies and in every .way seek to meet the needs

of the church in religious education members

shall constitute this committee. It shall represent the church
in its educational relations with our denominational, inter-
denominational and public educational systems and shall seek

202 COMMISSION ON ORGANIZATION

to enlist and train volunteers for Christian service. This com-
mittee shall cover the educational aspects of Social Service
and Missions in consultation with the committees on those
subjects.

7 — Department of Social Service.

The Committee on Social Service shall foster a wholesome
social life and activity among all departments of the church,
especially in the direction of a more effective development of
its own social organization and a faithful rendering of the
wider social service that its community needs in the fields of
public education, recreation, civic reform and organized phi-
lanthropy. The committee shall consist of members,

so chosen as to represent the chief social agencies of the
church. It shall yearly submit a budget for this work. This
committee shall at its discretion make suggestions to the Com-
mittee on Religious Education bearing on plans for social
education.
8 — Department of Missions.

The Committee on Missions shall have in charge the super-
vision and correlation of the missionary plans and activities
of the various organizations of the church and their relation
to the State and National organizations. It shall be its duty
to suggest the annual missionary budget of benevolence and
expense, together with the objects for regular or special col-
lections throughout the year, to oversee all matters of appor-
tionment, any plans for an Every Member Canvass and sys-
tematic missionary giving, help to provide missionary service
for unchurched neighborhoods and such missionary schools as
may be within its reach and present a yearly review of its

field and work members shall constitute this

committee, to be chosen, if possible, so that each missionary
organization in the church may have representation on the
committee. This committee shall, at its discretion, make sug-
gestions to the Religious Education Committee bearing on
plans for missionary education.

9 — Meetings.

(a) Public Services shall be held each week, on the Lord's
Day and on midweek "Church Night" for prayer and con-
ference.

COMMISSION ON ORGANIZATION 203

(&) The Lord's Supper shall be observed ordinarily on
the first Sunday of January, IMareh, May, July, September
and November.

(c) The midweek "Church Night" or general social gath-
ering of the church for Bible Study and prayer, and for such
related conferences of officers, departments and study classes
as may be deemed desirable, shall be also the night for the
regular business meeting of the church for action on the re-
ception and dismission of members and for the transaction
of ordinary business. For any business of special importance,
hoAvever, notice from the pulpit on the previous Sunday will
be required.

(d) Special meetings of the church may be called by the
pastor or the clerk on the request of the Cabinet or any of
the departments, or on the written request of any five adult
members, specifying the objects thereof; such notice shall be
read at the public service on the Lord's Day next preceding
the day fixed for such meeting. No special meeting shall be
held on the same day on which the notice is given.

(e) A quorum at any meeting of the church shall consist
of voting members.

(/) A majority vote of the members shall ordinarily be
decisive. The calling of a pastor, to be done usually upon the
recommendation of not less than two-thirds of the Church
Cabinet, shall require a two-thirds vote Of all voting members
of the church present at a meeting specially called for this
purpose.

(g) All publicity given to the meetings and work of the
church, as well as the care of music, ushering, et cetera, shall
be under the direction of such departments as the Church
Cabinet shall recommend.

10 — Amendments.

These By-Laws may be amended at any business meeting
of the church by a two-thirds vote of the members present,
notice of the changes proposed having been given in writing
one week previous.

204 COMMISSION ON ORGANIZATION

APPENDIX B
CONSTITUTION FOR DISTRICT ASSOCIATION

(Referred to CominissiGn on Organization for further study.
See page 42.)

ARTICLE I
Name

This organization shall be called the

Association of Congregational Churches and Ministers of the
State of

ARTICLE II
Object
The object of this Association shall be to promote the fel-
lowship, cooperation and efficiency of the Churches and Min-
isters in the service of our Lord Jesus Christ.

ARTICLE III
Doctrine
This Association accepts as a general expression of Chris-
tian doctrine the Statement of Faith adopted by the National
Council of Congregational Churches at Kansas City, October,
1913.

ARTICLE IV

Membership
Section 1 — Churches.

Any Church whose articles of faith agree essentially with
those commonly held by Congregational Churches, may, upon
recommendation of the Committee on Education and Cre-
dentials, be received into membership.
Section 2 — Ministers.

Ministers who have residence and Congregational member-
ship within the bounds of this Association and who present
satisfactory credentials of ordination or letters of transfer
from other similar bodies, and who, if coming from other
denominations, give sufficient evidence of intelligent accept-
ance of Congrega.tional doctrine, principles and polity, may be

COMMISSION ON ORGANIZATION 200

received into its membership on reeominendation of the Com-
mittee on Education and Credentials by a two-thirds vote
of those present and voting at any meeting.
Section 3 — Delegates.

Each church may be represented at all meetings of the
Association by two delegates. The State Conference Superin-
tendent aJid official representatives of the National Council
and the Benevolent Societies shall be honorary members by
common consent. Lay officers of the Association are members
ex-officio.
Section 4 — Ohligations.

Churches entering this Association covenant to co-operate
in the promotion of the common interests of the Congrega-
tional Churches of the United States and that they will not
withdraw from this fellowship without seeking the advice
and approval of this Association. They covenant in particu-
lar that any matter of interdenominational surrender or
exchange of property or of Associational fellowship shall be
transacted in accordance with the principles laid down by
the Federal and Home Missions Council of the Churches
of Christ of the United States, and after conference with
the denominations concerned through their chosen repre-
sentatives on interdenominational relations. The Association
shall exercise no ecclesiastical authority over the Churches
or Ministers connected with it but may withdraw fellowship
from any Church or Minister for sufficient reason.

Section 5 — Transfers.

The transfer of either a Church or Minister from this
Association to another body shall be by express vote of the
Association. Any ministerial member failing to report to
the Registrar for two years either in person or by letter shall
forfeit his membership on vote of the Association, but may
be restored to membership on application by vote of the
Association.

Section 6 — Withdrawal of Fellowship.

As custodian of the ecclesiastical standing of its Churches
and Ministers this Association shall seek to guard the faith
and purity of its fellowship. It has the right to terminate
ministerial standing for cause and may withdraw fellowship

206 COMMISSION ON ORGANIZATION

from a minister for immorality or unfaithfulness to his vows
of ordination; provided that every minister shall have the
right of fair trial either before the Association or by a Council
chosen by the accused and the Association. No minister from
whom fellowship has been withdrawn by this or a similar
organization shall be considered a Congregational Minister.
The Association may withdraw fellowship from a Church that
walks disorderly.

ARTICLE V

CoNciLiARY Powers
Section 1 — Ordination.

This Association may ordain candidates for the ministry,
but the initiative must always be taken by a local church. On
application to the Registrar arrangements will be made for
examination of the candidate and for his ordination at a
regular or special meeting of the Association, or the Asso-
ciation may designate a committee to represent it at the
ordination service.
Section 2 — Licensure.

All applicants for licensure must appear in person before
the Association for examination and must present evidence
of membership in some Congregational Church and of academic
and spiritual qualifications for the ministry. When author-
iij;ed hj the Association or the Advisory Committee the Mod-
erator and Registrar shall issue a license for the term voted.

Section 3 — Training.

The Association shall require that all applicants for ordina-
tion or licensure who lack collegiate or seminary education
shall pass examination on a course of study prescribed by
the Association or the State Conference.

ARTICLE yi

Officers
Sectio7i 1 — Elections.

The officers of this Association shall be a Moderator and
an Assistant Moderator to be elected annually, a Registrar
who shall also be Treasurer, and an Auditor, to be elected by
ballot at the annual meeting for a term of three years. They

COMMISSION ON ORGANIZATION 207

shall begin service at the close of the meeting at which they
are elected. A Scribe shall be elected at each meeting.
Section 2 — Moderator.

The duties of the Moderator and Assistant Moderator shall
be Such as usually pertain to these offices.

Section 3 — Registrar-Treasurer.

The Registrar-Treasurer shall keep a record of all pro-
ceedings ; shall be custodian of all books and papers belonging
to the Association ; shall issue calls for meetings and letters
of dismissal and recommendation when approved by the
Association; shall conduct correspondence and render such
other service as usually pertains to the duties of such office.
At the annual meeting he shall present a detailed report of
all monej'S received and disbursed.

Section 4 — Registration.

The Registrar shall every year carefully revise the lists
of the Association membership, church and ministerial, shall
make annual report thereof, and shall furnish a certified
cop3" of same to the Registrar of the State Conference.

ARTICLE VII

Committees
There shall be an Advisory Board and such other Commit-
tees outlined in the By-Laws as the Association may deter-
mine.

ARTICLE VIII

Meetings

Regular meetings shall be held on
The meeting shall be the annual meeting. The

special meetings may be called by the Advisory Board. The
place of meeting shall be determined by the Association or
by the Advisory Board.

ARTICLE IX
Amendments
This Constitution may be amended by a two-thirds vote
at any regular meeting, notice of the proposed amendment
having been given in the call.

208 commission on organization

By-Laws
1 — Standing Committees.

There shall be Standing Committees of three members each,
to be elected annuallj^ on Business, Worship and Fellowship,
Evangelism, Education and Credentials, Social Service, Mis-
sions, and such other departments as the Association shall
determine, whose work shall in general correspond to and
be co-ordinated with similar functions in state and national
organizations and in the local church. The Chairmen of these
Committees, with the officers, shall together form the Advisorj
Board of the Association. The Moderator shall also appoint
committees on Nominations and Resolutions of three members
each, to serve during his term of office.
2 — Business Committee.

The Business Committee shall prepare and present pro-
grams for all Association meetings which plan and carry
out the business of the Association, shall represent it in emer-
gencies that may arise between the gatherings, shall propose
its budget, with method for raising it, and have general
oversight of its expenditures. It shall also endeavor to pro-
mote the business efficiency of the churches of the Association.
The Moderator, Assistant Moderator, Registrar-Treasurer, and
pastor of the entertaining church shall comprise this com-
mittee.
3 — Worship and Fellowship.

The Committee on Worship and Fellowship shall assist the
churches in conserving a faithful membership, in procuring
and distributing devotional literature, in promoting public
and family worship, and in providing opportunities and
helps for the deepening of the spiritual life.
4 — Evangelism .

The Committee on Evangelism shall endeavor to cultivate
an evangelistic purpose, spirit, and life among the churches
of the Association, particularly promoting campaigns and
methods of personal, pastoral and educational evangelism.
5 — Education and Credentials.

The Committee on Education and Credentials shall seek
to correlate the church schools in the Association with our
denominational, interdenominational and public educational

COMMISSION ON ORGANIZATION 209

systems, and to promote their etfteieney. They shall also
report on the credentials and examinations of those within
its bounds pursuing the Conference Course of Study, or
applying for licensure or ordination, or applying for mem-
bership in the Association, and shall ordinarily conduct in-
vestigations called for.
6 — Social Service.

The Committee on Social Servdce shall strive to promote in
the churches of the Association a more effective social organ-
ization and a deeper sense of social obligation and responsi-
bility, to the end that they may render a wider service in
their respective communities, and to the nation and world.
7 — Missions.

The Committee on Missions shall represent the Association
in all matters of Missionary interest and apportionment that
shall be referred to this Association by its churches, by the
State Conference, or by the National Council and its Mission
Boards. It shall seek diligently to promote among the
churches of this Association a world-wide missionary view
and a faithful consecration to their tasks. The Association
representative on the State Board shall be a member of this
Committee,

8 — Advisory Board.

The Advisor}^ Board, composed of the officers of the Asso-
ciation and of the Chairmen of the above Committees, shall
act as the administrative unit of the Association, reviewing
and co-ordinating its work, counselling its various depart-
ments, and endeavoring in every way to promote the general
efficienc.v of the churches. The Advisory Board shall meet
just prior to eacli meeting of the Association and at least
once each year in addition, at which time its traveling ex-
penses shall be met from the Association Treasury.

Note. Where a simpler form of organization is desired by
Associations with limited membership the duties assigned
to some or all of these several committees may be vested in
the Advisory Board as a single agency of administration,
9 — Procedure.

At the time and place specified the meeting shall be called
to order by the Moderator or the Registrar, or failing them,

210 COMMISSION ON ORGANIZATION

by the pastor of the church with which it assembles. The
names of the members present having been recorded, the roll
of the Association shall thereupon be made out and the meet-
ing formally constituted. A Scribe and an Assistant Scribe
shall be elected to record the minutes of the meeting, a copy
of which minutes shall be furnished the Registrar for record
in the proceedings of the Association.
10 — Minutes.

The minutes of each session shall be approved at its close.
11 — Quorum.

voting members shall constitute a quorum.

12 — Amendments.

These By-Laws may be amended by a majority vote of
members present at any regular meeting of the Association.

APPENDIX C

PROPOSED CONSTITUTION FOR THE
INTERNATIONAL CONGREGATIONAL COUNCIL

The Congregational Churches of the world, assembled by
delegates from all nations where such churches possess a
national organization and by representatives from other lands,
declaring the steadfast allegiance of the Congregational
Churches to that body of truth which our own churches and
the Church universal have received from the beginning, and
to that form of government which recognizes the headship
of Jesus Christ and the spirit of Christian brotherhood as
the basis of a true democracy, are united in our testimony
to this faith and polity and in our fellowship with all
churches of like faith and with the Church of Christ through-
out the world. Recognizing the opportunity for united serv-
ice which now confronts the Church of Christ, these churches
by their representatives hereby adopt this Constitution for
the government of the International Congregational Council.

I. — Name
The name of this body is the International Congregational
Council.

COMMISSION ON ORGANIZATION 211

II. — Purpose

The purpose of this International Council is to foster and
express the substantial unitj^ of the Cong-regational Churches
in faith, polity and work; to consult upon and devise meas-
ures and maintain agencies for the advancement of their
common interests; and to do and to promote the work of the
Congregational Churches in their international and inter-
denominational relations.

III. — Membership

The International Council shall consist of four hundred
members, allotted as follows :

United States of America, 150; British Isles, 150; The
Dominion of Canada and Newfoundland, 20 ; Australia, 32 ;
South Africa, 10 ; the rest of the world, 38.

Delegates from each country shall be elected by the Na-
tional Council, Union, Federation, or Association of that
country. Countries where no national association exists maj''
elect delegates in proportion to the number and in accordance
with the custom of the churches of said country.

Officers of the preceding session of the International Coun-
cil, members of the interim Committees and of Committees
appointed during the session, speakers invited to prepare
papers or deliver addresses, and foreign missionaries at home
on furlough or accredited by their respective missions or
missionary boards shall be Honorary Members of the Council.

IV. — Officers

The Council, immediateh^ after its opening service of devo-
tion, shall organize by the election of a Moderator, a first
and second Assistant Moderator each for the United States,
and the British Isles, an Assistant Moderator each for Canada,
Australasia, Asia and Africa ; a Secretary and three Assistant
Secretaries. These officers shall hold office until their suc-
cessors have been elected and have qualified. Each Council
shall be opened by the Moderator of the preceding Council, or
in his absence by the senior Assistant Moderator present from
the country' in which the Council convenes.

212 COMMISSION ON ORGANIZATION

V. — Committees of the Session
The Council, immediately after the election of its officers,
shall appoint on nomination by the Provisional Committee,
a Business Committee of twelve, and a Nominating Committee
of seven, who shall serve for that session. The Council shall
appoint such other committees as it desires to serve during
the session.

VI. — Provisional and Other Committees
The Council shall elect an interim Committee, to be known
as the Provisional Committee, whose members shall be nomi-
nated during the session by the several national delegations.
The United States shall nominate five, the British Isles five,
Australasia two, Canada two and Africa one. The Moderator
and Assistant Moderators shall be ex-officiis members of this
Committee. In each of the countries the resident members
of the Provisional Committee may organize as the Provisional
Committee for that country; and in the country where the
next meeting of the Council is to be held may enlarge their
membership for such purpose as may be advantageous in pre-
paring for said meeting; but the acts of such national com-
mittees shall be subject to the approval of the Provisional
Committee as a whole.

The Council may appoint such additional interim Commit-
tees as it may desire,

VII. — Meetings
The Council shall meet at intervals of six years, the time
and place to be determined by the Council itself, or in the
absence of definite action by the Council, by the Provisional
Committee. The Provisional Committee shall have authority
to make such changes in time and place of the Council meet-
ing as may appear to it necessary or desirable.

VIII. — Programs
The National Council or Union for the country where the
Council is to meet shall be primarily responsible for the work
of preparing for the ensuing meeting of the Council. It shall
prepare the program through its regular or special Commit-
tees in conference with the Provisional Committee. It shall

COMMISSION ON ORGANIZATION 213

determine the allotment of representation according to Section
4 of countries where the Congregational Churches are not
in association.

IX. — Rules
The rules governing the proceedings of the Council shall
be the customary rules governing the national body of Con-
gregational Churches in the country in which the Council
convenes. The Council may adopt such special rules for its
own government as it shall from time to time determine.

X. — Amendments
The Constitution may be amended at any meeting of the
Council by a two-thirds vote of the members present and
voting, provided no national delegation objects. In case of
the objection of any national delegation the amendment pro-
posed shall first be referred to the several national bodies
represented in the Council and shall be acted upon at the next
regular meeting. No amendment shall be voted upon on the
day on which it is proposed.

APPENDIX D

"A Bill for an Act concerning the vesting of the title to
real property belonging to Congregational churches which are
or shall become extinct, and declaring an emergency.

Section 1. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the
State of , That all property, both real and per-

sonal, belonging to or held in trust for any Congregational
religious society in the State of that has or shall

become extinct shall vest in and become property of the Con-
gregational Conference of and its successors
and assigns : Provided, That noth-ing herein shall aifect the
title to any Congregational church or parsonage the title of
which is held by any of the National Congregational Societies ;
and, Provided further, That this act shall not affect the
reversionary interest of any person or persons in such prop-
erty, or any valid lien thereon.

Section 2. That any Congregational church or Congrega-
tional religious society in this State which has ceased or failed

214 COMMISSION ON ORGANIZATION

to maintain worship or services according to the usages and
customs of the churches of the Congregational Conference
of for the space of two (2) consecutive years

immediate!}^ prior thereto, or whose membership has so dimin-
ished in numbers or in financial strength as to render it im-
possible or impracticable for such church or society to main-
tain religious worsliip or services, or to protect its property
from exposure to waste and dilapidation or to fulfill the
purpose for which it was incorporated, shall be deemed and
taken to be extinct.

Section 3. Wlien a Congregational church or Congregational
religious society in this State shall become extinct, as pro-
vided for in Section 2 of this act, and shall own any property,
the Congregational Conference of may file a

complaint in the circuit or superior court of the county in
which such church or religious society has been theretofore
situated setting forth such facts, and may ask that the title
to said property" be vested in it. Such complaint shall make
the Congregational church or the Congregational religious
society which has become extinct a party defendant. Sum-
mons shall be issued and served, as provided for in other
civil actions, and if no person, officer or member of such
defendant church or society can be found upon whom service
or process can be had, then, upon the filing of a proper affida-
vit by some person acting for and on behalf of such Confer-
ence showing such facts, the clerk on order of the court, if
in session, or in vacation without such order, shall cause a
notice of the pendency of such action and the term at which
it shall stand for trial, to be published for thirty (30) days
in some newspaper of general circulation, named by the com-
plainant or its solicitor, printed in the English language
and published in the county, or if none be printed or pub-
lished therein, then in the county in this State nearest thereto
in which any such paper may be printed.

Section 4. Upon the hearing of such cause witnesses may
be compelled to attend, and depositions taken under the usual
regulations of law may be read and the parties may be exam-
ined under oath, as in other cases. If upon such hearing the

COMMISSION ON ORGANIZATION 215

court shall find the material allegations of the complaint to
be true, it shall enter a decree vesting the title of all property
as described in such complaint which the court may find be-
longs to or may be held in trust for such Congregational
church or such Congregational religious society, in the plain-
tiff, the Congregational Conference of and its
successoi-s and assigns.

Section 5. Whereas an emergency exists for the immediate
taking effect of this act, the same shall be in full force and
effect from and after its passage."

REPORT OF THE SOCIAL SERVICE COMMISSION

At a joint meeting of the National Service Commission and
of the Social Service Commission held in Cleveland, Ohio,
in January last, it was decided to ask the Council to merge
the work of the two commissions under the future direction
of the Social Service Commission and that it consist of
fifteen members, the Executive Secretary of the Commission
to be the Social Service Secretary of the Congregational Edu-
cation Society.

Most of the work of the Social Service Commission since
the last meeting of the National Council has been in connec-
tion with war work under the National Service Commission,
to which work the Social Service Secretary gave his entire
time. The church, now that the war is over, faces the large
task of community building which must begin with the imme-
diate local community and extend through that ever widen-
ing circle of communities which go to make up the total world
social order. It is impossible in a few moments to go into
detail in the working out of the community building program
which should be the concern of every Christian Church, but
it is worth while to outline some of the general principles
which should determine our activity 'for the future.

The Kingdom of God and the Community
The Divine Master of the Church dedicated it to the build-
ing of the Kingdom of God on this earth. In the earthly com-
munities in which people live is the material out of which the
community of God is to be built. It does not belong to the
Christian Church to dominate over these communities. It has
no monopoly on the task of community building. We believe
in a free church in a free community. But the church roots in
a great community building experience. It does not desire to
reduce modern communities to the forms of the ancient com-
munity out of which it grows. It rather seeks to bring from
out of that ancient community a spirit, a principle and an
ideal for community building by which it may influence all
modern communities. It seeks to help by inspiration rather

SOCIAL SERVICE COMMISSION 217

than by manipulation. It desires not to exercise lordship, but
to be a helper of community joy. It would be a leaven ; it
would furnish a spirit for which the community furnishes the
body. It would furnish direction by the outlining of those
ideals of community life which naturally grow out of the
Christian message.

Christian Personality and Community Life

The world community has just witnessed the disastrous
effects which can be wrought by strong personalities acting
under wrong motives. The spirit of arrogance, the desire
to dominate, the willingness to disregard pledged word, leads
inevitably to social anarchy. "With renewed assurance the
Christian Church turns from this world tragedy to affirm once
more its belief that a Personality can save the world. It be-
licA'es more firmly than ever that there is in the personality of
Jesus Christ an integrating power which can be the organizing
center of a permanent community life. It believes that its
greatest contribution to the community of God on earth is
to multiply in human society personalities who possess the
virtues of moral sincerity, love of justice, a true self respect
and a respect for the lowliest of human creatures such as
characterized Jesus of Nazareth. Such personalities are the
"salt of the earth," the "light of the world."

The Christian Personality and a Democratic
Community

The Christian personality demands for its fullest expres-
sion moral and spiritual participation in the social order of
which it is a part. The impending moral issue in community
life is whether our communities are to be the products of
free serving vocations co-operating for community welfare
or are to degenerate into something less. The free community
or the community organized on the principles of democracy is
the only community which challenges full moral and spiritual
participation on the part of its members. Consequently it is
the only community which satisfies the Christian conscience.
Communities based on force and fear are degrading and do
not allow nor challenge the full development of the Christian
life. In a xery real sense true Christianity and a democratic

218 SOCIAL SERVICE COMMISSION

social order are inseparable. No community is large enough
to contain a dictatorship. True community life resents the
dictatorship of church, of capital, of military power, and of
the proletariat. A free community life served by free voca-
tions united in a brotherly spirit of service alone can satisfy
the Christian conscience. It is not sufficient that each voca-
tional group simply assert its rights. Where each group is
asserting its rights, community life can exist only as an armed
truce. The greatest contribution which the church can make
at the present time will be to preach to men the Christian
demand for such a democratic community and to help develop
in every community the social organization which will make
possible the discovery- and enforcement of justice for all the
groups in the community.

Christian Ethics and Vocational Service

Communities are the by-product of the association of people
in the give and take process which makes up human life. They
are made up of parents, ministers, lawyers, surgeons, mer-
chants, manufacturers, newspaper publishers, laboring men,
and the other vocations by which men take part in the com-
mon task of securing the necessities of life. The community
offers to every man some task to be performed. It is of su-
preme importance that men in accepting these vocations see
in them opportunities for community service. Any other
spirit brings chaos and disorder into community life. When
men look upon the community as something out of which they
can get a living by any other means than by rendering true
service, they are introducing into the community that which
ultimately disrupts community life.

The ]\Iinistry op the Church

The community is not to be looked upon as something out
of which the church is to recruit a membership. The church
exists for the community; the church is to build the com-
munity; it is not to build itself out of the community. When
denominational zeal causes the minister to look upon the com-
munity as the place in which he is to make a great repu-
tation for himself or as the material out of which he is to
build a church without regard to community service, the

SOCIAL SERVICE COMMISSION 219

Christian ethic is being violated and the community is being
exploited. Such a minister and such a church have no right
to declare the ethics of Christ to the other vocations in the
community.

The Profession of Law

The maintenance of a high respect for law and the methods
of public justice is imperative at the present time if we are
to successfully fight off social anarchy. When the profes-
sion of law becomes a money making profession without regard
to the high concerns of public justice, when party or class
loyaltj' take preference over community righteousness, social
anarchy is standing at the gate. We would urge upon all law-
yers, judges and policemen who have to do with the processes
of law, both on grounds of Christian duty and public wel-
fare, to accept their work in the spirit of high service.

The Surgeon and Physician

Loyal ser^dce in promoting the health of the community
has given to the vocation of surgeon and physician a noble
dignity among us. High standards of ethics have generally
characterized those who have to do with the healing of the
human body. Never before was it more necessary that this
profession should be lifted on a high plane of service where
professional ethics shall be the expression of the Christian
duty to serve. The doctor must not commercialize his voca-
tion.

The Merchant and the Manufacturer

The feeding and clothing of human society offers the op-
portunity to the merchant and manufacturer. Business is
not an end in itself. It is only the way the community gets
supplied with some of the necessities of life. Private property
gets its only justification from community service. The com-
munity gave and the community can take away. When the
manufacturer and merchant do their work well, hunger and
poverty are kept from our gates. They have no more right
to commercialize their task than has the doctor, the lawyer,
the teacher, or the minister. The merchant who profiteers is
no better than a common highwayman. The manufacturer

220 SOCIAL SERVICE COMMISSION"

who cannot think in terms of community service has not
qualified to hold private property in a community. All own-
ership must ultimately justify itself in capacity to produce
and serve.

Publishers of Newspapers
On no class of people is a democracy more dependent than
upon the publishers of newspapers. The formation of a true
public opinion is entirely dependent on the accuracy of the
news on which that opinion must be based. The distortion of
facts for any ulterior selfish purpose undermines all true
public opinion and tends to throw the community into moral
and intellectual chaos. We would urge upon our Christian
editors and publishers their Christian responsibility to help
build the Kingdom of God.

The Laboring Man
In the processes of industry some men will always contribute
the skilled labor of their hands. They are as necessary to suc-
cessful industry as is the man who furnishes the brain labor
in management. Because they are necessary, they must be
men of duty as well as privilege. To sliirk, to exploit the
community, through group effort, is as vicious on the part of
the laboring man as it is on the part of the merchant who
turns highwayman as a profiteer.

Parenthood
Parenthood is a Christian privilege and duty. Every child
has a right to be well born. This cannot be unless the grant-
ing of this privilege becomes the sacred duty on the part of
young men and young women who are to become the fathers
and mothers of the future. Membership in the Christian
church should in itself become a guarantee of the moral seri-
ousness about the duties of parenthood which shall assure a
true fitness for marriage. Definite instructions looking
toward such preparation should become a part of the moral
instruction of Christian young people.

Christian Ethics and Vocational Privileges
The coming of the community of God on earth means the
building of communities in privileges which shall be the re-

SOCIAL SERVICE COMMISSION

221

ward of those who extend service. People will give loyaltj'
to a community which offers them the chance to realize the
abiding satisfactions of life. To the community which hath
shall be given, and from the community which hath not shall
be taken away, even that which it seemeth to have. To the
community which offers the abiding satisfactions of life as a
reward for duties rendered will be added those people who
care for those things which satisfy. It is the Christian task to
build these communities in the abiding satisfactions.

Home Lite
If it is a man 's duty to prepare himself for parenthood, the
real test of a community is whether or not it offers to such a
man the opportunity to realize his parenthood. A community
must offer to the average man a chance to bring up a family
under wholesome conditions. Opportunities for home life are
dependent upon such questions as public health, public moral-
ity, opportunities to earn a living, a living wage, and the
chance to own a home. All these matters are of Christian
concern to a community which expects its people to prepare
themselves for parenthood.

Community Wealth
A sense of Christian duty should keep people from desiring
to live lives of idleness, useless luxury, and extravagance.
Christian preaching should hold before people the honorable-
ness of productive labor. With a world facing starvation,
every man should feel himself under obligation to be engaged
in some productive capacity. But if a community expects
such service from men, it should be under obligation to make
it impossible for any worker to live in poverty or for idlers to
live in luxury. It should banish all special economic privi-
leges which enable some to live at the expense of others. The
abolition of poverty for those who accept the Christian obliga-
tion to render service is a matter of Christian concern. He
who will not work should not eat, but the privilege of eating
should be guaranteed to every one who will work.

Community Recreation
The community of God cannot come until wholesome enjoy-
ment becomes the privilege of all people who render service.

222 SOCIAL SERVICE COMMISSION

Recreation must not be the privilege of any self-appointed
leisure class. The re-creation of our people by affording
wholesome opportunities for play is a Christian and public
obligation. The banishment of the saloon, the brothel, and the
commercialized dance hall from American life is a matter of
Christian duty. As a substitute for these Christians should
support all the splendid efforts which are now in progress
which have as their purpose the bringing of wholesome joy
to the lives of our people.

COMMUNITY GOVERNMENT

The sacredness of the social machinery for the securing
of public justice such as representative assembly, law courts,
police force, should be taught to all the people. The betrayal
of public trust on the part of officials should bring down the
heartiest disapprobation of Christian public opinion. Praise
should not be lacking for all those who do well. Above all
else should Christian people guarantee the Christian quality
and justice of that original source of law and order — public
opinion. The question as to whether or not men will be loyal
to the established agencies of law and order depends upon
whether or not that public opinion extends justice to the
weakest and least assertive of the members of the community.
There is a great deal of incipient anarchy at the present time
because the minorities in society often feel that public opinion
refuses to be just.

The Community Council

Community justice and right can be found only in common
counsel and discussion. Nothing is more needed than the
establishment of that piece of social machinery which shall
make it possible for men by taking counsel together to dis-
cover the w^ays of justice. Public forums will help, confer-
ences will help, the revival of the old town meeting in many
places would help. Whatever affords the opportunity for sin-
cere men to take common counsel together will make it pos-
sible for justice and peace to return and abide in human soci-
ety.

social service commission 223

Special Communities

While most of our people have eonmion problems in average
communities, we recognize that many of them live in unusual
communities with special problems. It is not always easy
to state the demands of the Christian conscience for these
communities. They constitute a special concern for the Chris-
tian at this time.

The Rural Community

Society must be fed. The appetite of the American people
is growing. This fact is the guarantee of the permanency and
the importance of the American farmer. Because of the
abundance of food products due to the opening up of the
rich soil of the Middle West, the development of modern farm
machinerj^ which made it possible for one man to do the work
of ten, the perfecting of modern means of transportation
which placed farm products upon the market, the people of
the United States have until very recently taken the farmer
for granted and have been without great anxiety about the
food problem. But now the world-wide growth of the great
city has created the need for a great country. The new un-
developed lands are no longer available. The price of food-
stuffs in the United States ha.s increased eighty-six per cent
in the last five years. Farm lands while increasing in acreage
four per cent during the last decade have increased in value
one hundred and eight per cent. Population experts promise
us a population of one hundred and fifty million in less than
forty years. All of this prophesies that during the coming
years production on the farm will be a matter of national
concern.

Hitherto in the world's history when people have become
hungry they have demanded food without much regard to the
conditions under which that food was produced. Society
has been perfectly willing to be fed by a man who has lost
his power of self-determination in the social order of which
he is a part. It has been willing to accept an increased effi-
ciency on the farm imposed with little regard for the human
values which were involved. We can have cheaper food for
society if the farmer is willing to accept organization under

224 SOCIAL SERVICE COMMISSION

landlords with expert management and cheap labor recruited
from the world's sources where manliood is cheap, making it
possible to have hand labor with little machinery, to work men
for long hours who care for few privileges and the gradual
reduction of the rural class to the conditions of European
and Asiatic peasantry. But as Christians we cannot accept
the methods of feeding society which are unmindful of the
human output of the farms. We believe that a great effi-
ciency can be secured on the part of the man who feeds society
which will at the same time build the farmer in self-respect,
an efficiency which will be self-imposed by a farmer char-
acterized by those virtues which go to make up a free man,
an efficiency which will leave him with his feet upon his own
well-tilled soil, a man with a living wage, a good home, a good
school, a good church, a man with self-imposed duties and
jealously guarded privileges.

We would therefore urge upon our rural churches that
they lay the sure basis for a better rural order in a true
faith in God, a true self-respect, a spirit of brotherliuess and
a desire to serve. The farmer must go to his task with the
conviction that the feeding of a hungry world is no longer
his private concern. He should be impelled by Christian
duty and by hiunan needs. And to the man who is willing to
render high service, a Christian social order should grant that
recognition in well proportioned privileges which is his due.
The Christian ministers should lead in the effort to secure
the better schools, the better social life, the better rewards
for labor which belong to those who have rendered Christian
ser\dce.

The Industrial Community

Another community which challenges the special concern of
Christian people at this time is the industrial community
which gathers about the modern factory. The problems which
gather about this community do not have to do so much with
the relation of the world at large to those who are the owners
and managers of these factories. The strength of organized
capital has generally made it possible for it jealously to guard
its rights. It has been more frequently the aggressor which

SOCIAL SERVICE COMMISSION 225

has disregarded the rights of the public. Too frequently or-
ganized capital has forgotten that its only justification lies in
its power to serve community need.

The real problem which at present concerns the public is
that these industrial communities have become centers of social
unrest because of the strife between capital and labor.

The interest of the church in these industrial communities
is twofold. First, because it is of concern to the church that
those industries on which society is dependent for the provi-
sion of the necessities of life are the centers of such great dis-
turbance that they are failing to meet the needs of the com-
munities which are dependent upon them. In the last analy-
sis the community itself pays the price of the strife between
capital and labor and it cannot be unmindful of conditions
which bring such great distress to the community at large.
In the second place the church is interested in the industrial
unrest of these communities because it believes that lying
underneath this unrest as a cause is the failure to apply the
principles of successful community living laid down by Jesus
Christ. There has been an attempt to build up an associated
life while neglecting the principles on which the Christian
believes associated life is alone possible.

When the cobbler at the corner store worked side by side
with the employed man who helped him cobble shoes, and
both chatted with the customer who came to be fitted to a
pair of shoes, the opportunities for brotherly relationsliips
were plentiful, the ethical situation was simple and social
unrest was at a minimum. Behold the arrival of modern ma-
chinery. That cobbler now employs four thousand men,
women, girls, and boj^s, not one per cent of whom he could
call by name. The cobbler lives in great luxury on Uncom-
monwealth Avenue. His employees are no longer his neigh-
bors; if they become so, he moves further out. He has with
purpose recruited the cheapest labor he can buy in the labor
markets of Europe. A man who will deny himself home
comforts and work his wife and children in the factory mul-
tiplies profits — and profits are the test of success in the game.
One party treats the other as a commodity to be bought and
sold. The other party rightly cries out, "Wliat moral and

226 SOCIAL SERVICE COMMISSION

spiritual portion have we in David." They organize in re-
bellion. The ethical situation has been entirely eliminated by
the economic. Social faith gives way to social hate. Both
sides are organized to dominate the situation. Multiply this
a thousand fold and you have the social situation we are facing
in America.

Now there are those who advocate not a change in spirit
but a change in dictatorship. Let the exploited take control
and dictate to the managers. Let the owner come down some
morning from his palatial residence on Uncommonwealth
Avenue and he will find his former employees in control who
will offer him, if he is well behaved, the job as janitor. The
difficulty with this solution is that, while it is probably as
good treatment as some people deserve, it only perpetuates a
bad situation. The world is too small and life is too short to
seek peace through shifting dictatorships. It is the dictator-
ship itself which must be abolished.

It is for the church to assert in modern industrial com-
munities that the first charge upon all of them is the extension
of the old spirit and the old ethic of the simpler industrial
situation to the new and complex industrial community. Com-
munities which neglect the problems of developing good will
and Ayho develop accumulated ill will are doomed to failure.
The fundamental condition of success in industry is not the
relation of man to the world of things, but the relation of
men to each other. A world which is facing starvation may
well turn once more to Jesus ' saying, ' ' Seek ye first the king-
dom of righteousness and these things which have to do with
the physical necessities of life will be added unto you."

Again since the church is interested in holding up before
every man the obligations of service, and it would make of the
laboring man no exception, it considers that a Christian civili-
zation should offer to the one who renders service the com-
pensating privileges of an adequate wage, a good home, the
privileges of culture, and a just share in the progress of the
community in which he renders loyal service.

Finally the church calls upon every man to invest a moral
and spiritual quality in his labor and this means that we
must see to it that the social institutions in which men give

SOCIAL SERVICE COMMISSION ' 227

service of any kind shall offer them a challenge to moral and
spiritual participation. A democratic social order because it
offers such a challenge is the demand of the Christian con-
science. The Christian conscience looks toward an ultimate
organization of industry which shall be democratic enough to
offer a moral and spiritual challenge to every one who partici-
pates in it. It can contemplate industrial peace on no other
terms. Just how it is going to be possible for a man
who has deliberately filled his factory with untrained cheap
labor immediately to adopt democratic methods of factory
management is not altogether clear. On the other hand, there
are industrial institutions which have cared for the quality
of their human output and have had regard for human re-
lationships and thus have built up a force of workers of high
character and intelligence. It ought to be possible for these
institutions to advance along the . democratic highway rapidly
and to their own advantage. In the meantime, while democ-
racy is the final charge upon all industry, the practice of
brotherhood is a first charge and can be given by all.

The AVorld Community

A Christian world order has come to be the demand of a
Christian conscience and fortunately there is a developing
world order which is demanding the Christian conscience for
its support. The old order based on force, fear, and the bal-
ance of power was an eternal affront to the Christian con-
science. The new order, based on representation, a common
basis of right, a total welfare which is greater than that of
any one group, and yet which grants to each group, however
small, a share in its progress, answers to the very best in the
Christian conscience. The church advances to this challenge
with the proud consciousness that for over a hundred years in
its missionary propaganda it has said that national lines are
not the limits of the obligation to love and to give justice. It
looks upon the plan for a league of nations as the fulfillment
of its own scheme of missionary activity. The church be-
lieves, however, that the fulfillment of the world plan awaits
the sincerest effort on the part of the church in the building
of the smaller communities nearest home. By thus devoting

228 • SOCIAL SERVICE COMMISSION

itself to the community which it knows best and advancing
through an ever widening circle of community life it would
seek to build up a system of communities which, because they
are organized on Christian principles, shall culminate in a
Christian world order which shall be the community of God
on earth.

REPORT OF THE NATIONAL SERVICE COMMISSION
OF THE CONGREGATIONAL CHURCHES

AVlieu the war began it at once affected the life of our own
nation and especially the life of the churches to such an extent
that it was necessary for vital readjustments to be made. The
Social Service Commission attempted to meet the demands
as best it could. When, however, our own nation entered the
conflict it became clear that some special agency must be cre-
ated to meet the new situation that we faced.

The Executive Committee of the National Council in its
report to the meeting of the National Council held in Colum-
bus, Ohio, October 10-18, 1917, said :

"It appears to your Committee that two Commissions may
wisely be added to the existing number. One is a Commission
on "War Work. The events of current days have thrown into
relief not only the moral quality of national interests, but also
the profound and exacting responsibility of the Church of
Christ for the shaping of those interests. In like way the
three years past have revealed the intimacy of our concern
for every manner of international problem. This Council has
at the present time no agency definitely charged with the
study of this great national and international field nor with
leadership in the immediate and sacred duties which war
conditions have thrust upon us. The Social Service Com-
mission has acted with reference to many matters included
in its bounds. To ask this Commission to continue in so doing
and to cover the ground fully would be to assign it tasks much
more burdensome than should be assumed by a single Com-
mission. ' '

The National Council acted upon this suggestion on Satur-
day, October 13. The Council voted as follows :

"Voted: That a National Service Commission of twenty-
five persons be appointed charged with leadership in the field
of the national and international obligations of our churches.

"That it be directed to give early and diligent attention to
the duties arising from the war, especially reinforcing the
work of the chaplains and the Y. M. C. A. ; aiding churches
near training camps to meet the demand upon them; co-op-

230 NATIONAL SERVICE COMMISSION

erating with the government food administrator; promoting
patriotic response to the nation's needs; ser^dng the welfare
of the young men whom we are sending to war ; and furnish-
ing the churches all possible help in their study of the world
problems, in the solution of which they must share.

"That the Commission be authorized to raise at its discre-
tion during the coming year a sum not exceeding $100,000,
for the purposes of its work to be expended as it may deter-
mine. ' '

On Monday, October 15, 1917, on recommendation of a
nominating committee the National Service Commission was
elected. Henry A. Atkinson was elected Secretary, and
Charles H. Baker, Treasurer of the Commission by vote of the
Council.

On Wednesday, October 17, 1917, the first meeting of the
Commission was held. The organization was perfected at this
time, and an Executive Committee elected. It was voted that
the Commission be empowered to fill vacancies in its member-
ship. It was also voted that the Commission be authorized
to open an office in New York, and that the Social Service
Department of the Education Society be requested to loan the
service of its Secretary to the Commission for the period of
the war, it being understood that the Commission would bear
half of the Secretary's salarj^ This request of the Commis-
sion was acted favorably upon by the Education Society and
Secretary Atkinson served the Commission for two months,
and during that period received half his salary from the Com-
mission. This is the only money expended by the Commission
for salaries, other than that paid for stenographers, clerks and
other office help.

The Executive Committee elected Avas as follows :

President Kenyon L. Butterfield

Dean Charles R. Brown

Mr. Herbert Knox Smith

Rev. Ernest H. Abbott, Chairman

Rev. Nehemiah Boynton

Rev. Livingston L. Taylor

Rev. Edward D. Eaton
Three meetings of the Commission were held, and fourteen
meetings of the Executive Committee ; besides serving in this

NATIONAL SERVICE COMMISSION 231

formal way, the members have assisted in the important work
committed to the Commission.

An office was secured in connection with the Home Mission-
ary Society at 287 Fourth Avenue, New York City. Half-time
of a stenographer was employed and the Commission began
its work early in November, 1917.

The work rapidly expanded. Other help had to be secured.

Program

It was recognized from the first that a work of such propor-
tions and one obligated to meet needs that our churches had
never before been called upon to meet could not at once be
defined nor even fully outlined. However, a statement was
made of the situation and this program was adopted as an
outline indicating the scope of the work and the plans of the
Commission.

1. To co-operate with other Christian Agencies in caring
for the moral and spiritual interest of the soldiers and sail-
ors, and especially those who have gone out from our Congre-
gational families. Besides the specific work indicated below,
to be ready on call to do anj^thing that our churches can do
to help our soldiers and sailors.

2. To mediate between the government and the churches in
such work as that of food conserv^ation, support of Red Cross,
war loans, etc.

3. To co-operate with the General War Time Commission
of the Churches constituted by the Federal Council. This
General Commission is a clearing house for all the churches
co-operating in war work, but it does not itself do the work.
It is left to the co-operating churches.

4. To co-operate with the Fosdick Commission and with
other churches, and all public agencies, to the end that com-
munities be kept clean and safe for men off duty. The Fos-
dick Commission, under national appointment and authority,
is working to keep a "white zone" around each camp, to re-
move and keep away from this zone evil resorts and influences
of all kinds, to fill it vnth opportunities for wholesome recrea-
tion, and to give the soldiers when outside the camp genial
and helpful conditions. It does not do this work itself, but
enlists and co-ordinates the work of other agencies. There

232 NATIONAL SERVICE COMMISSION

is mucli co-operative work for the churches to do that in the
nature of the case cannot be done by a national organization.

5. To share with the local Congregational churches the
responsibilities which have arisen from the presence of the
soldiers in the adjacent camps. It would not be fair to throw
all the work and expense of earing for the thousands who have
thus suddenly come to their doors upon these local churches,
and it would not be practically possible for them to do it with-
out such help.

6. To keep the lines of communication open between the
home church and the men who go overseas, and to co-operate
in keeping active the religious forces under whose influence
they have lived at home. The local churches are especially
adapted to aid in maintaining these home ties and influences.

7. To aid our churches in emphasizing the moral interpre-
tation of the war and the social, industrial and political recon-
struction after the war.

Activities

Under the first item of this program, the Commission has
kept in very close touch with the other Christian agencies that
are at work caring for the welfare of our soldiers and sailors.

This Commission has done much in the way of co-operating
with the government. Through an exhaustive effort, it has
secured for the government a knowledge of all that is done by
our churches for the foreign peoples located in their neighbor-
hoods, and through this effort it has suggested to the churches
the kind of work along this line which the government desires
our churches to do.

Under the second item, we have organized campaigns to help
in each of the Liberty Loans and furnished speakers. Dr.
Eaton representing this Commission was for several months
stationed in Washington as our special representative on the
Food Commission. Through close co-operation with the Na-
tional Committee on the Churches and the Moral Aims of the
War, our Committee has made a real contribution toward
mobilizing the mind of America for carrvdng on and winning
the war.

Under the third item, we have co-operated with the War
Time Commission in the closest possible way. The Secretary

NATIONAL SERVICE COMMISSION 233

has been a member of the Commission, its Executive Commit-
tee, its Advisory Committee, and Chairman of its Committee
on Building, and in all of its relationships our men have been
active and important factors in conference and semace.

Under the fourth item, we have co-operated with the Fos-
dick Commission in its campaign to make and keep the zones
about the camps clean and safe for the soldiers and sailors.
We recognized that in dealing with the problem within the
camps, we should deal through the Chaplains and the Y. ]M.
C. A. This has invariably been our method of approach.

Camp Pastors

Until the Government moved to provide the soldiers with a
large enough force of chaplains there was a very important
field for the so-called camp pastor. A Camp Pastor was a min-
ister who was not a chaplain but who did work within the
camps very much like that of the chaplains. This Commis-
sion did not undertake this work as extensively as did the
Commissions of some of the other denominations, but as long
as the demands continued because of lack of chaplains, sev-
eral men were employed.

Camp Pastors were supported at only three camps, Camp
Upton, Camp Dix, and Camp Merritt. At Camp Upton, the
Kev. Charles "Wyckoff of Walton, N. Y., was appointed for
three months. At Camp Dix, the Kev. Edmund A. Burnham
of Syracuse, was appointed. At Camp Merritt, the Rev. W.
H. Joyce. The last was appointed at the request of Major
Axton, the chaplain in charge of the work there. These men
all rendered splendid service, and it was of a particular type.
Our Commission has not been enthusiastic about Camp Pas-
tors, but has felt that our men made good. The Rev. W. H.
Joyce and the Rev. Charles Wyckoff, although above the age
when chaplains are appointed, when the order was given that
the camp pastors should be dismissed from the camps, were ap-
pointed chaplains in the United States Army.

Buildings
Before the Commission was appointed, under the intense
pressure that the war was putting upon all social and religious
agencies, our denomination had been committed to four inter-

234 NATIONAL SERVICE COMMISSION

denominational building projects ; one at Camp Upton, one at
Camp Dix, one in Ayer — adjacent to Camp Devens — one at
Camp Kearney. This Commission soon came to doubt, as
others did, the wisdom of extending this type of work.

The building at Camp Upton was used by the regular chap-
lains and will undoubtedly be turned over to the Government.
It is a symbol of inter-church activity, and in the judgment
of men who are in close touch and sympathy with current
movements, there was a great value in having this symbol of
the church before the eyes of the soldiers. The building at
Camp Dix was built in connection with the Protestant Episco-
pal Church and was really an adjunct to their Clubhouse and
activities. The church house at Ayer was used to supplement
the work of the local churches, and as part of the program
of the Fosdick Commission. The building at Kearney has
been sold to the Y. W. C. A., and is used as a Hostess House.
The building at Camp Dix has been sold to the Lutherans.

Our greatest responsibility was in connection with the fifth
item in our program, that is, to assist the Congregational
churches in the War Camp communities.

Near various large camps there were Congregational
churches which were necessarily called upon to render serv-
ice to the soldiers. Some of these churches were poorly
equipped, and several, whose pastors were already overloaded
with work, had to be provided with assistant pastors to enable
them to do anything substantial. This was especially true of
the Colored Congregational churches near the camps where
colored soldiers were located.

We have assisted churches in Tacoma, Wash., Lawton, Okla.,
and Des Moines, Iowa. This latter church is of a different
type from the others. It is a strong, self-supporting church ;
but with new responsibilities, the Secretary of our Commis-
sion appointed for service there became and is a valuable ad-
junct to the Fosdick Commission in its work in the city, Mr.
Cassel did very fine work at Des Moines. We have also assisted
the church at Fort Worth and at San Antonio, Texas, which
had a larger soldier population than any city in the United
States. The Rev. Charles A. Riley, pastor of our little church
there, has given heroic service. The pity is that we could not
assist him more than we did.

•NATIONAL SERVICE COMMISSION 235

In addition to these chnrclies ministering to the white sol-
diers in their needs, we have tried to meet the demands put
upon us by the colored soldiers in some of our communities.

Des Moines, Iowa (colored). Camp Dodge.

Plymouth Church, Wash., D. C. (colored), Camp Meade
and others.

Augusta, Ga., (colored). Camp Hancock.

Memphis, Tenn. (colored). Camp Park Field — also distribu-
tion point.

At Des Moines, Iowa, Dr. James B. Burling, pastor of the
Greenwood Congregational Church ably helped in the work
for the colored troops. The Rev. Hines E. King was secured
as pastor of the local colored church. We have helped support
him and his work.

In Washington, D. C, the Rev. A. C. Garner, pastor of the
Plymouth Congregational Church and a leader among his
race, came in close contact wuth the many negroes in the sev-
eral camps about the city. We sent a small amount of money
each month to aid him in the splendid work he is doing.

Rev. Russell S. Brown of Memphis, Tenn., pastor of the
Colored Congregational Church, found great opportunity for
meeting the needs of the negro soldiers passing through the
city. We have been helping him and his church in this im-
portant work.

To the Rev. Caesar S. Ledbetter, pastor of the local church
at Augusta, Ga., we made an appropriation.

We entered into an arrangement with the local Committee
at Newport News whereby we were to co-operate mth the Fos-
dick Commission and the other churches and formulate a pro-
gram for the negroes in the city and especially the large num-
ber of colored troops passing through that port on their way
to Europe. Dean L. B. Moore began his work there with
enthusiasm and carried it on with wisdom, but owing to cer-
tain small petty jealousies it was found advisable for us to
curtail our appropriation and withdraw from that place.

As to the sixth point in our program, this work had to be
accomplished in co-operation with other organizations and
agencies. Plans were under way for making this kind of

236 NATIONAL SERVICE COMMISSION

work much more effective when the armistice was signed and
the war came to an end.

Under the seventh item we feel that the Commission has
done a very valuable piece of service.

Soon after the Commission was appointed, a group of men
representing the Church Peace Union, The League to Enforce
Peace, The Federal Council of Churches, and The World Alli-
ance for International Friendship* through the Churches, or-
ganized the National Committee on the Churches and the
Moral Aims of the War. Eev. Henry A. Atkinson, Secretary
of this Commission was asked to serve as Executive Secretary
for that new Committee.

At its invitation. Sir George Adam Smith, Bishop Gore,
and Dr. Arthur J. Guttery came to this country. The Com-
mittee held meetings in 521 places and reached in all 700,000
people in its mass meetings and 32,000 ministers in its con-
ferences. It became recognized throughout the nation as the
educative propaganda agency of the churches in presenting
the moral aims of the war and leading the minds of our peo-
ple to a proper appreciation of the responsibility that falls
upon us in the days of reconstruction. The members of this
Commission were naturally drawn into active service with this
Committee because of the relationship of its former Secretary.

Publications and Publicity

The Commission printed reports and a series of articles on
definite phases of the war, and tried to lead the people in
thinking their way through the situation and to help furnish
the necessary stimulus for doing their full share in the
emergency of the hour.

The need for this educational campaign was very marked.
First, there was need to educate the churches as to the aims
of America in the war; second, a Program of Service for
War-time was needed; and, third, it was necessary to issue
information that could be used by our minsters in formulating
a program of reconstruction following the war. This was
undertaken by literature, study courses and speaking cam-
paigns.

NATIONAL SERVICE COMMISSION 237

The following is a summary of the publications issued
and distributed by the Commission :

Publications

I. Publicity:

1. "Keep the Church Back of the Soldier" (First Pam-

phlet printed ) 130,000

2. "Keep the Church Back of the Soldier" (Second Year)

191S-19 20,000

3. "The Soldier and What the Church Stands For" 22,800

4. "Chaplains and their Equipment" 44.000

5. "Six jNIajor Lines of Service" 57,000

6. Leaflets, etc., used in Emergency Campaign 110,000

7. Pledges used in Emergency Campaign 500,000

8. Offering envelopes 150,000

1,033,800

II. Educational:

1. "Objections" 16,000

2. "Our Colored Soldiers" 80,000

3. "Report concerning Needs and Problems of Negroes

in War Communities" (Dr. Moore) 35.000

4. "The Buffaloes" 35,000

5. "A Patriotic Service" 100,000

6. "Supplement to a Patriotic Service" 30,000

7. "A Victory Service" 90.000

S. "Supplement to a Victory Service" 22,000

9. "Discussion Outlines" 25.000

10. "Manual for Leaders" 3.000

11. "A Pageant of the Stars and Stripes" 1.000

437.000

Total printed matter distributed from this office 1,470,800

Letters and circulars sent out since Feb. 1. 1919 104,400

Chaplains

One of the most important tasks that devolved upon us was
that of providing equipment for our chaplains. Chaplains
perform for the army and navy a very important service, not
merely giving spiritual instruction and inspiration to the sol-
diers in camps and sailors on ships, also to the wounded and
dying in and after battles, but helping to maintain the morale
of the army and navy w-ithout which victories could not be
won. The government appoints the chaplains and pays them
a salary, but does not equip them for their work. They must
provide their personal equipment for themselves, costing any-
where from $300 to $600. This, however, does not include the
equipment for their work. For this the chaplains need a com.-

238 NATIONAL SERVICE COMMISSION

munion service, hymn books, a Corona typewriter, and a sum
of money to meet the constant stream of small demands made
upon them in the service of the soldiers and sailors. It was the
ambition of this Commission to provide our Congregational
chaplains with this minimum equipment, including cash to the
amount of $100.

The requests for equipment far exceeded the ability of the
Commission to meet them, but with the resources at its hand
it did the best it could. One hundred and seven Congrega-
tional chaplains were appointed and of these 78 were equipped
by the Commission, giving to each the standard equipment
that was agreed upon by the General "War-Time Commission.
Too much cannot be said of the splendid service rendered by
our chaplains.

One of the most important pieces of work undertaken by the
Commission was that of helping to secure for the Army and
Navy a sufficient number of properly qualified chaplains.
Large numbers of applications w^ere received. The names were
catalogued, letters written, recommendations secured and out
of the list of names the quota assigned to the Congregational
Churches at the War Department was secured and a large
percentage in addition. The men who served brought honor
nipon themselves as well as upon the Army and Navy. A list
of those who served is given herewith :

Adams, Chauncey A., Danville, Vt. Discharged.

Aiken, William A., Honolulu.

Axton. John T., Port Chaplain's Office. Hoboken, N. J., Promoted to
Captain.

Bacon, Alvin C, 2518 Portland Ave., Minneapolis, Minn. Discharged

Bachelor. Theodore, Madison, Conn. Discharged.

Barnes, Ernest W., Green Bay, Wis. Discharged.

Barstow, Bobbins W., Woodstock, Vt. Discharged.

Barwick, Arthur W.. Plainfield, Conn. Discharged.

Beal, Frank P., Hillsboro, N. H.

Blakney, Raymond B., Port of Embarkation, Hoboken, N. J. Pro-
moted to Captain.

Boynton. Nehemiah, Brooklyn. N. Y. Discharged.

Brodie, Donald M., Manistee. Mich.

Bronson, Oliver H., Port Chaplain's Office, Hoboken, N. .1. Dis-
charged.

Burgh, David T., Warren. Maine. Promoted to Captain. Distin-
guished Service Cross.

Campbell, Robert C. Jr., Warren. Mass. Discharged.

Cathcart. Samuel M. Westerly, R. I.

Cherington. Reed B., 3722 Bancroft Way, Berkeley, Cal. Discharged.

Clemens, John T., 1213 Pine Street, Columbia, S. C.

NATIONAL SERVICE COMMISSION 239

Cutler, Frederick M. (Capt.), 73 IMoore Avenue., Worcester, Mass.
Dischiirgecl.

Cross, Edward W., Glenwood, Minn. Discliarged.

Cutler, Elislia P., Worthinston, JMass.

Deiman, Harry, Minneiipolis, Minn., Icilled in Xammes, France,
August L'9, 1918, bursling shell.

Dunliam, Chester S., Toletlo, Ohio.

Dunlap, Roger A., Portland, Maine.

Dunn, Theodore S., 230 N. Genesee Street, Waukegan, 111. Dis-
charged.

Egerton, Thomas R.. Lacon, 111.

Errington. Frederick, Grand Ledge, Mich.

Favor, Paul G., Farmington, ]\Iaine. Discharged.

Foster, Ora D., Palo, 111.

Fox, Donald F.

Fox. Ho\^ard S., East Providence. R. I.

Hamilton, E. H., 204 West 137th Street, New York City. Discharged.

Hand, Clifford N.. Claremont, Cal. Discharged.

Hammond, Joseph, Garland, Maine. Discharged.

Hanscom. Frank I., 574 Madison Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. Discliarged.

Jockinsen, John P., Hillsboro. N. Dak.

Johnson, W. H., Campbell, Minn.

.Tones. William E., Fort Worth, Texas. Discharged.

Joyce, William H. H.. Newark, N. J.

Kellogg. Theodore, 5620 Drexel Avenue, Chicago, 111.

Lancaster, A. A., Youngstown. Ohio.

Lang, Stephen C, Quincy, Mass.

Livingston, Thomas, General Hospital, Otisville. N. Y. Promoted to
Major.

Macklin. Egbert C, Jamaica, N. Y. Discharged.

Merchant. Mylon D., Ludlow, INIass. Promoted to Captain.

Merrifield, Rov W.. Amboy. 111. Discharged.

Miller. Clifford L., 630 East 170th Street, New York City. Discharged.

Minieh, Roy L., 1192 Dean Street. Brooklyn. N. Y. Discharged.

Minkler, Merton J.. Port Chaplain's Office, Hoboken, N. J. Pro-
moted to Captain.

Montgomery, Royal J.. 2330 Lincoln Way. Ames, Iowa.

Moody, Paul D.. St. Johnsbury, Vt. Promoted to Captain.

Morse. Warren. General Hospital No. 21, Denver, Colo.

MacDonald, Archibald N., Sheridan, Ore. Discharged.

McDonald. William D., 2223 Atherton Street, Berkeley, Cal. Dis-
charged.

MacIMartin, John E.. 142 West Concord Street. Boston. Mass. Dis-
charged.

McDowell. Henry M.. Grand .Junction. Col. Discliarged.

Oldfield, Henry M.. Monson. Mass. Discharged.

Palmer, Clay B., 5757 University Avenue, Chicago, 111.

Patch, Don I., 168 West High Street, Carlisle, Pa.

Petty, Orville A.. 1505 Chapel Street. New Haven, Conn. Promoted
to Major. (Croix de Guerre.) Discharged.

Pierce, Jason N., Dorchester, Mass. Promoted to Captain. Dis-
charged.

Prentiss, Henry M., 425 West 160th Street. New York City. Dis-
charged.

Reeves. Frank H., Salem. Ore.

Preston. O. B.. Canton, S. Dak.

Reynolds, Paul R., Chicago. 111. Discharged.

Reynolds. Maurice W., Rowley, Mass. Promoted.

Schuder. Henry A.. Gallup. New Mexico. Discharged.

Seckerson. Howard A., Lynchburg, Va.

240

NATIONAL SERVICE COMMISSION

Seelye, Laurens H., 600 West 122d Street, New York City. Dis-
charged.

Sisson, Howard R., Island Falls, Maine.

Smith, Eugene B., Berkshire, N. Y.

Smith, James A., Sioux Rapids, Iowa. Discharged.

Starr, Harris E., 303 Lexington Avenue, New Haven, Conn. Dis-
charged.

Squires, Guy P., Hitchcock, S. Dak. Discharged.

Stackpole. Markham ^^^, 3S9 Main Street, Andover, Mass. Promoted
to Captain. Discliarged.

Stafford, Russell H., 2412 Lake of the Isle Boulevai-d. Minneapolis,
Minn.

Stickney, George E., Fargo, S. Dak. Discharged.

Street. Robert B., care of Mrs. J. M. Franklin. Linville Falls, N. Car.

Thomas, John M., Middlebury, Vt. Discharged.

Tuttle, George A., Amherst, Mass. Discharged.

Twitchell, Joseph H.. Jr., Danbury. Conn. Discharged.

Watkinson. Commodore R., Westbrook, Conn.

Watts, Thomas E., 1476 Harrison St., Oakland. Cal.

Weed. Earl H., Berkeley, Cal. Promoted to Captain.

Weist, Sirino C. Pilgrim Church, Cleveland, O. Discharged.

Welles, Kenneth B., 615 Vine Street, Scranton, Pa. Discharged.

Wheelock, Arthur S.. Marlborough, Mass.

Wallace. M. H., 342 Warren Avenue, Detroit, Mich.

Wilby, W. H. J.. Liberty, Neb. Died at sea Oct. 4, 1918 of Influenza.

Williams, Howard Y., New York City. Promoted to Captain.

Wismer, Ernest L.. Bristol, Conn.

Withing, Frederick B., Holworthy Hall, Cambridge, Mass. Dis-
charged.

Wood, Stephen R., Canal Zone, Panama. Promoted to Major.

Wyckoff, Charles S., AValton, New York. Promoted to Captain. Dis-
charged.

Yergan, Mar., Washington. D. C. Discharged.

NAVY

Ayers, William B., Wollaston, Mass. Radio School, Harvard.

Bare. Charles B. U. S. S. Ticonderoga.

Bate, Francis H., Ticonderoga, N. Y. U. S. S. Huron,

Boynton, Edward C, Westerly, R. I.

Boynton. Morrison R., Campbell, Minn.

Brokenshire, John J., Pawtucket, R. I. Navy Yard, Charleston.

Ferris, Frank H., Pulaski, N. Y. Discharged.

Horton. Douglas, Middleton, Conn. U. S. S. Michigan.

King, Philip C. Toledo, Ohio. U. S. S. Pittsburgh.

Merrill, Boynton, Boston, Mass. U. S. S. Pennsylvania.

Robinson, Daniel S.. Newport, N. H. Receiving Ship, Boston.

Scott, Evan W., Hampton Roads, Va.

This is the final list as given out at the War and Navy De-
partments.

A record of the activities of the men of our denomination
would not be complete without at least mentioning the hun-
dreds of men who served overseas as Y, M. C. A. secretaries,
Red Cross Workers, and in similar capacities.

national service commission 241

War Activities of the Churches

A questionnaire was sent to all the Congregational ehurches
asking for a report on war activities. This report is' not as
complete as it should be, many of the strongest churches fail-
ing to report. However, from the figures that we received,
and through personal correspondence, the following is given
as an approximately accurate report of what our churches
did in a material waj' in helping to win the war.

Summary

Men from Congregational chiu'ches in the service 10G,r)34

Men from Congregational churches, died in the service .5.423

Created and helped to maintain local welfare organizations. . 3.243

Churches in the War Camp Communities 78

Maintained social rooms for the soldiers l-")6

Classes for religious education 3.t

Extended hospitality 1,383

Total number of Testaments distributed l."),676

Maintained honor rolls 9.54

Interested Sunday School in war activities 590

Interested the Young People's Societies in war activities. . . . 340

Co-operated in food and fuel conservation 4.298

Churches located in War Industrial Communities 171

Employed extra workers to meet needs in War Industrial

Communities 23

It is needless to &a.y that figures of this kind do not begin to
tell the whole story. The best things that the churches did are
of such a nature that they cannot be tabulated.

Relation to Social Service Commission
This Commission through its activities absorbed practically
all of the efforts of the Social Service Commission. In Decem-
ber 1918. a joint meeting of this Commission and the Social
Service Commission was held in Cleveland. At this time the
following resolution was adopted which shows the close align-
ment in the work of these two Commissions :

' ' The National Service Commission was appointed for a spe-
cial piece of work. The Social Ser\dee Commission is a per-
manent task. The program and activities of this Commission
will therefore naturally become a part of the work of the
Social Service Department of the Education Society and the
Social Service Commission,"

To carry out its program there must be close co-operation
with the social service departments of other religious bodies,

242 NATIONAL SERVICE COMMISSION

and with the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in
America. This field of service offers the best opportunity for
Christian co-operation. This Commission should, in all pos-
sible ways, relate its work to the work being done in other
denominations. Continuous and effective inter-church work
is possible when an inter-church committee is composed pri-
marily of men who can speak and act with some degree of
authority. /

Financial Report

REPORT OF TREASURER

October 15, 1917 to August 1, 1919

Receipts

From Churches, organizations and individuals $76,606.41

Sales of literature 232.35

Congregational Church Building Society 3,000.00

$79,838.76

Expenditures

Appropriated for work of Federal Council of

Churches $2,500.00

fCamp Devens. $8,666.67
Camp Upton.. 5.000.00

Camp Dix 4,138.08

Carnp Kearney 450.00

Lawton, Okla.. 1,387.32 19.642.07

Appropriated Camp Workers 8,852.12

" Chaplains' Equipment 4.298.67

" Exp. of Emergency Campaign.. 15.2.54.19

" Educational Propaganda 9,066.26

" Advertising and Publicity 5,897.58

N. Y. and Boston

Offices $9,034.03

Appropriated ) Secretai-y's Office 2,656.66
Expenses ] Traveling Ex-
penses 1,725.69

Interest on Loans 53.50 13,469.88

Appropriated
Construction

Total Expenditures 78.960.77

Balance $857.99

Bank Balance August 1, 1919 $847.99

Petty Cash in New York Office 10.00

$857.99

NATIONAL SERVICE COMMISSION 243

In connection with the figures of this report it must be
pointed out that the construction work to which the denomina-
tion was committed before the Commission was formed con-
stituted a heavy handicap upon the efforts for carrying for-
w^ard the more personal work which the Directors recognized
was the real line of greatest efficiency. In order to make pay-
ment of these bills it was necessary for the Commission to bor-
row. The Massachusetts Home Missionary Society loaned the
Commission $5,000, which has been repaid. The Commission
must express its thanks and appreciation to one of its members,
Dr. Edwin G. "Warner, who at the time of greatest emergency
loaned the Commission sufficient securities so that it was able
to borrow from the bank a sum of money large enough to
permit it to perform its work. With the money thus secured
the Commission was able to get its work before the denomina-
tion and begin a collection of funds which enabled it to do its
task. As the work developed, however, it proved that con-
stant efforts for publicity and advertising were required in
order to secure funds. The churches, called upon to meet local
needs, to contribute to war loans, Y. M. C. A., Red Cross, and
other enterprises, felt themselves unable to support the work
of this Commission. More than half of the money contributed
by the churches to the Commission was secured through the
efforts of the Interchurch Emergency Campaign.

Servants of the Commission

On January 1, 1918, the Secretary of the Commission, Dr.
Atkinson, began his services with the National Committee on
the Churches and the Moral Aims of the War. This necessi-
tated his resignation as Secretary of this Commission. Dr.
Frank E. Jenkins, President of Piedmont College was released
b}^ his school and since this time has given a large part of his
time to the work of the Commission. Through his efforts axi
extensive campaign of education was carried on, plans devised
and executed for the raising of funds. We cannot speak too
highly of the valuable services rendered by President Jenkins,
and also of the generosity of the Trustees of Piedmont Col-
lege in releasing him for this service.

]\Irs. Henrv A. Atkinson as office manager has given all

244 NATIONAL SERVICE COMMISSION

of her time and attention to the M^ork of the Commis-
sion continnously since November 1, 1917. Her skill in
managing the office and carrying out the plans of the Com-
mission has made for the success of the work. She,, more
than any one else, has had the interests of this Commission on
her heart and in her mind. At the meeting of the Commis-
sion held in Cleveland, 1918, the following minute of apprecia.-
tion was unanimously adopted : ' ' The National Service Com-
mission cannot fail at this time to record its feeling of great
indebtedness to Mrs. Henry A. Atkinson for the remarkably
able and self-sacrificing service which she has given to the
work of the Commission during the past months. Rarely is
the work of any office more scientifically handled than the
work of this Commission's office has been under the peculiar
assistance of this willing helper. Her contribution in printed
exercises, as well as in numerous letters, has been indispens-
able to our enterprise."

Dr. C. Rexford Raymond, pastor of the South Congrega-
tional Church, Brooklyn, was loaned to the Commission by his
church, and gave splendid service in promoting the educa-
tional campaign. We are under obligation to Dr. Raymond
and to his church.

We also record our appreciation of the untiring and essen-
tial work which our treasurer, Mr. Baker, has done during all
the period of the Commission's service.

A large part of our activities have had to do with Wash-
ington and the War Department. Dr. Edwin S. Bliss and
Mrs. Bliss were instrumental in forming a co-operating com-
mittee in Washington, and through this Committee were able
to render most valuable service, for which the denomination
is under the deepest obligations. Dr. Bliss died suddenly,
August 6, at his home in Washington, D. C. In his death
the Congregational churches lose one of their most capable
workers. This Commission takes this opportunity to record
its appreciation of Dr. Bliss and his magnificent service, and
to extend to Mrs. Bliss its deepest sympathy in her bereave-
ment.

Dr. William AV. Leete gave very efficient service to the Com-
mission, he having practical charge of the work in New Eng-
land.

national, service commission 245

The Future
Tlie world is being shaken b}' profound unrest. All nations
are feeling the ground swell of the titanic convulsion that has
shaken society. Democracy has come to its own. This
democracy that was born in the trenches amid blood and fire
and sudden death has grown strong and powerful, and today
is knocking at the door of privilege. Peace can never come in
industry or in any other realm of social life until there is
peace between the nations. This peace must be founded upon
a new conception of the relationship that nations bear to one
another. The League of Nations, however, is merely a legal
frame work. It must be filled with the spirit of service and
sacrifice. The churches are called upon to stimulate that high
moral idealism without which any plan for bettering human
conditions or creating a new world order will surely fail.
These days are filled with threats as well as with promises.
May the churches in the new order find their place for a con-
certed, whole-hearted effort to re-establish friendly relations
between the natrons and create that atmosphere of righteous-
ness in which alone justice and peace can grow into realities.

REPORT OF THE COMMISSION ON RELIGIOUS AND
MORAL EDUCATION.

The Educational Work of the Church.

The marks of an educational enterprise are : (1) that it con-
cerns itself with growing, developing persons; (2) that it
seeks to engage these persons actively in some form of study
or work; (3) that its primary interest in so doing is the
development of the persons themselves, rather than the objec-
tive results of their activity; (4) that it seeks to communi-
cate to them, while they in turn seek to profit by, the riper
experience of others; (5) that the whole process has its face
set toward the future, aiming to promote, rather than to ar-
rest, their development and to help them gain new knowledge
and added power.

In the light of these marks, the whole work of the Christian
Church is educational. The Church's ultimate concern is
with persons ; and it seeks so to inspire and teach them that
they may both know and do the will of God, and so grow into
the fullness of the stature of the perfect man, in likeness to
Him whose children they are.

It is impossible, therefore, sharply to delimit a particular
field of the Church's activity, and to say that just this, and
no more, constitutes its work in moral and religious education.
The whole task of the Church is, from this point of view,
moral and religious education. All that it does has an educa-
tional end and involves the use of educational methods.

Yet some distinction, however rough and vague, may be
made between those aspects of the Church's work which are
more directly educational and those aspects which are more
immediately evangelistic, pastoral, philanthropic or social. In
life generally we draw such a distinction. The whole of
life may be, and ought to be, an education. Yet for the prac-
tical purposes of clearness of aim, economy of effort, and effi-
ciency in methods, we have schools as well as shops and farms,
make a distinction between those whose immediate business
is to learn and those whose immediate business is to produce,

RELIGIOUS AND MORAL EDUCATION 247

and mark off those times when we are bent upon acquiring
new knowledge or skill from the times when we seek to apply
knowledge and skill already- acquired. A similar distinction
may be drawn within the life of the Church. Those aspects
of its work may be marked off as educational which (1) deal
with its relatively immature members, especially children and
young people; (2) are concerned, in case either of old or
3^oung, with the acquiring of new knowledge and the devel-
opment of new powers, as distinguished from the repetition
of familiar truths and the exercise of established habits; (3)
employ educational methods, that is, involve continuity and
consecution of work or stud}', as contrasted with mere recep-
tivity or sporadic arousals of emotion or energy.

The Church School.

This has been called the centurj- of the child. Within the
churches of America, certainly, the opening years of this cen-
tury- have been marked by a definite awakening of interest in
children and a growing sense of the Church 's opportunity and
responsibility Avith respect to their moral and religious edu-
cation. Changing conditions of family life have thrown new
duties upon the public schools and have enlarged their share
of the work of education. But our public schools have be-
come increasingly secular. It is now clear that if religion
is to become or to remain a vital part of the education of
American children, it will be because the churches of America
undertake to maintain schools of religion that can measure
up, at least fairly well, with the public schools.

The organization of the Religious Education Associatioii in
1903 may doubtless be taken to mark the date when this con-
viction began really to grip us. The years since have wit-
nessed the rapid development of what has now become a great
movement within the Protestant churches for the betterment
of the religious education of our children and young people.
The Sunday Schools of the closing nineteenth century, with
their uniform lesson, ungraded organization, and lack of edu-
cational standards, are fast developing into the Church
Schools of the twentieth century.

It has been a time of experiment and of progress by the
method of trial and error. The working out of adequate cur-

248 RELIGIOUS AND MORAL EDUCATION

ricula in religious education, as in education generallj^, de-
pends upon the experience gained in the actual contacts of
the teaching process and in real attempts to link teaching
and life. That work of experiment, that gaining of experi-
ence, is by no means done ; it has rather but begun.

Yet certain definite principles have emerged, which seem
likely to determine the future procedure of the churches in
this matter :

(1) A curriculum of religious and moral education should
be graded in material as well as in method. The principle of
lesson uniformity, which since 1872 rendered such splendid
service in the upbuilding of the Sunday Schools of America,
has done its work and is now fast passing. Entirely aside
from the question of the success or failure, adequacy or non-
adequacy, of any particular system of graded lessons which
is now in existence, the principle of gradation has come into
this field to stay.

(2) A curricidum of religious and moral education should
he one of activity as well as of instruction, training in the
habits and attitudes of the Christian life as well as communi-
cating Christian truth. Eecognition of this principle has
been evidenced by the organization, in addition to the Sunday
School, both within and without the church, of various socie-
ties, clubs and active programs for the moral and religious
education of children and young people. We must go a step
fiirther. Instruction and activity should be correlated, not
in the sense of mere adjustment of schedules, personnel and
programs, but in the sense that each will form an organic part
of one curriculum, consistent and whole. It is idle to continue
to teach to children on Sunday what bears no obvious relation
to the programs of activity which we furnish them on week-
days, and to continue to organize them into separate societies
and clubs which cut across the educational groupings of the
Sunday School and set programs which bear no relation to the
content of its instruction.

(3) A curriculum of religious and moral education should
draw its materials from a range as wide as life itself. There
should be no lessening of emphasis upon Bible study, for
which the splendid results of modern research equip us as no

RELIGIOUS AND MORAL EDUCATION 249

former generation. But the exclusively Biblical curriculum
of the days just passing- is being- replaced by one which, with
the Bible, studies the witness of the Spirit in the life of the
Church in this present time, and seeks to fit young people to
face with intelligence as well as with energy and consecra-
tion the manifold problems and duties of a Christian in these
days of possible and necessary world-regeneration.

(4) The administration of a curriculum of religious and
moral education demands trained leadership and material
equipment adequate to the fulfillment of its purposes. If a
church is to maintain a school which will do the work of reli-
gious education with anything like the same degree of effi-
ciency in its field that we expect the public school to maintain
in its field, that church must provide for this school an ade-
quate budget. The conditions are different, of course. The
church school is in no sense a duplicate of the public school.
It has its own field, its own materials, its ovni methods, its
own appeal to volunteer service, and its own scale of costs,
quite lower than those of the public school. But it will cost
more, a great deal more, than most churches 'have been ex-
pending upon their Sunday Schools — for many have spent
almost nothing. Increasingly, churches are building parish
houses definitely designed to house their educational work,
and are furnishing both adequate materials and trained
leaders.

Problems of the Church School.

The educational work of the Church School, so conceived, is
still in its experimental, constructive stages. There is yet
pioneer work to do. Four problems, at present, are outstand-
ing:

(1) The problem of the teaching staff. AVhere shall we
get our teachers and leaders, and how shall we train them,
is a cry practically universal. Through teacher-training
classes in individual churches, through community institutes
and schools of religious education, through district and state
conventions, through short-term schools of principles and
metliods, through correspondence courses and through sum-
mer schools and conferences at centers like Northfield, Asbury
Park, Chautauqua, Lake Geneva and Silver Bay, much is

250 RELIGIOUS AND MORAL EDUCATION

being done, and very well done. But we must do more. The
problem of the teaching staff will not be solved until (a) we
enlist more men and women of experience— &igr men, and
women who are mothers — in this service; (b) churches pay
to at least a certain expert minority of their teachers such a
sum — nominal for the most part — as shall in a measure com-
peiLsate for their material investment of time and energy; (c)
directors, superintendents and principals organize and main-
tain real supervision of the teaching in their schools or de-
partments, with regular staff meetings or workers' confer-
ences to sustain the esprit de corps and develop the powers
of their teachers, and to keep the class work at a high level
of educational efficiency.

(2) The prohlem of time looms large in a world as dis-
tracted by many things as is this of ours. Most Sunday
Schools, be it admitted frankly, do not as yet make the best
use of the time which is now at their disposal. There are
hold-overs from the days of the uniform lessons in their prac-
tices ; their administration has not yet completely adjusted
itself to the new educational situation created by the intro-
duction of the graded lessons. But even if the Sunday hour
be used to the best advantage, there is need of some week-day
hours for further instruction or group activity. The pro-
posal is not as radical as it at first appears to be. For many
years the liturgical churches have conducted catechetical
classes in week-day hours from October to Easter; for many
years churches of every sort have commanded such week-day
hours for the meetings of the various clubs and societies which
they have maintained for their children. In many places the
movement for week-day religious iixstruction Xvill involve not
so much the claiming of additional hours of time as the use
to better educational purpose of hours already at the com-
mand of the church. There need be no waiting for the public
school authorities, moreover. Work in week-day religious
education may be undertaken outside school hours as well as
in hours granted out of the schedule of the public school ; and
it can be done successfully without public school credit being
given for it.

RELIGIOUS AND MORAL EDUCATION 251

(3) The prohlcm of organization is raised by the attempt
to match up religious education, in point of efficiency, with
public education. This can hardly be done so long as indi-
vidual churches try it alone, each for itself. It is almost
impossible for each church acting- alone to maintain a school
that can square up with the public schools maintained by the
community. But it is possible for the churches of a com-
munity to enter into co-operative effort in this field, pooling
their educational resources in some respects, and so maintain-
ing a system of religious education that is not unfit to stand
beside and to supplement the system of public education.
"With this in view. Community Councils of Religious Educa-
tion are now being organized in many cities and towns of the
land.

Just where the line shall be drawn between that part of the
Church's work of religious education which had best be left
to the individual church and that part which had best be
undertaken by the churches in common, through such com- .
munity organizations, no one can now tell, and we must wait
for experience to show. It seems clear that the training of
teachers and leaders, the conducting of week-day schools of
religion, especially where the public schools grant to them
time or credit, and the administration of certain programs of
educational activity, such as scouting, or certain forms of
educational service, such as vocational guidance, are fields
in which it is both natural and wise for churches to enter into
this co-operative relation.

(4) The jirohlem of curricula is, next to that of teachers,
the most fundamental of all. It is a problem, moreover,
which every church school may in these days help to solve.
For adequate curricula are not devised in committee or put
together by the discussions of a conference; such curricula
are wrought out rather in the course of actual teaching expe-
rience. The courses of study in our elementary and second-
ary public schools are what they are because of the experi-
ence of generations of teachers; and these courses of study
are continually being revised to meet changing conditions, in
the light of the experince of the teachers who are using them
today.

252 RELIGIOUS AND MORAL EDUCATION

There are several graded courses of study for church schools
in existence. One of the best of these was promulgated by the
International Sunday School Lesson Committee about ten
years ago, is published by our own Pilgrim Press, and was
last year given a thorough revision. No one can pretend
that this course, or any other, is in every respect satisfactory.
But it is good; it is much better than the uniform lessons j
and by teaching it we can learn both how we ought to teach
and what we ought to teach.

The International Sunday School Lesson Committee will
initiate in December a systematic inquiry into the experience
of those who are using the present graded lessons, and a series
of experiments, in various schools, with different types of
curriculum material, looking to the construction, out of actual
experience, and the publication, within the next ten years, of
a new graded curriculum. The Curriculum Committee of the
Religious Education Division of the Interchurch World
Movement is just beginning a wide survey of practices and
results in this field. Both committees have in view material
for week-day as well as for Sunday use.

These are experimental, constructive, forward-looking days:
in the field of moral and religious education. To those who
are used to the steady lock-step of the uniform lessons, they
may seem to be days of intolerable confusion. But it is the
confusion of initiative and of discovery, not of disorganiza-
tion and retreat.

The Work of the Congregational Education Society.

We have entrusted the leadership of our churches in this
field to the Congregational Education Society. The Society
uses to this end a staff of field workers in various geographical
districts, who, beside their direct contact with the churches,
w^ork through and with the field workers of the Congrega-
tional Sunday School Extension Society. It issues pamph-
lets, charts, survey blanks, and other material designed to
set forth and apply sound educational methods and standards
for the Church School. The Department of Educational Pub-
lications in the Congregational Publishing Society works in
close correlation with the Education Society, in the issuance
of text-books, curriculum materials and educational periodi-
cals. This Department is doing an especially notable piece of

RELIGIOUS AND MORAL EDUCATION 253

work ill editing- The Pilgrim Elementary Teacher, which is
easily the leader in its field, and which should be furnished
by every church to the teachers in the elementary depart-
ments of its school. A new departure of great interest is the
publication, in syndication with the Methodists, North and
South, beginning with October of this year, of a new maga-
zine entitled The Church School, which is devoted entirely to
religious and moral education. It offers notes on no particu-
lar system of lessons, but aims to be of general practical serv-
ice to pastors, officers, teachers, parents, and other leaders of
children and young people.

It must be admitted, however, that Congregationalism has
in certain respects lost the place of leadership in the Sunday
School world that once was ours. It is not that we are doing
less; but that in these respects some of the other denomina-
tions are doing more. Our Education Society is weak, as
compared with analogous departments in certain other denom-
inations, in what might be termed its general staff as con-
trasted with its field workers. Except for the special depart-
ments of Missionary Education and Social Service, the whole
work at the center falls upon the General Secretary, with one
Educational Assistant. If we are to go forward, to under-
take our share of the experimental, constructive work of
these days, and to reap the results of such a far-sighted educa-
tional polic}^, there should soon be added to the staff of the
Society, not only the Secretary for Young People's Work and
Student Life whose appointment has already been decided
upon, but an Elementary Division Secretary, an Adult Divi-
sion Secretary, and a Secretary for Teacher-training.

Religions Education in the Home.
However efficient we may make our church schools, they
cannot do the whole, or even the most important part, of
the moral and religious education of our children. It rests
ultimately upon the home, which has the child first and gives
him the impressions which serve as background, foundation
and apperceptive basis for all subsequent education; which
has the child in his most impressionable years and educates
him by the method of constant contact and association, with
influences all the more vital because for the most part in-

254 RELIGIOUS AND MORAL EDUCATION

direct and unnoticed; which forms the child's character in
the matrix of family life ; and which affords him, through
his experiences of loving and being loved, helping and being
helped, within the family, the basis for his understanding of
the fatherhood of God and the brotherhood of man.

It is not our purpose here to enter into the reasons why
many homes of to-day are failing to give to their children the
education in religion which is their birthright. This is the
result, we believe, of changed material and social conditions
rather than of a real decline in spiritual life. But it will
lead to the spiritual decline of the race, should the present
tendency to hand over all religious education to the church
and school continue.

In particular, we believe that the lack of family worship
in so many otherwise Christian homes is a distinct loss to the
children of our Congregational families. They are being de-
prived of their opportunity to share in the atmosphere, atti-
tude and spirit of worship in the family group. No mere
training in individual bedside prayer can take the place of
this.

Modern business and industrial life has crowded out the
family altar. But we believe that many fathers and mothers
would gladly lead the family group again in worship if they
knew how. Many lack time and understanding for choosing
suitable material. We are convinced that if the right type
of material were provided, and emphasis placed on the im-
portance of recreating family group worship, there would be a
marked increase in spiritual power in our families and
churches.

The Department of Educational Publications of the Con-
gregational Publishing Society has asked this Commission to
prepare for as early publication as practicable a Congrega-
tional Book of Family Worship, which will keep in mind the
needs and capacities of the children and assign to them a
share in the worship for which it will furnish materials. We
recommend that this Council authorize the preparation and
publication of such a book, and that it commit the work to
this Commission.

REPORT OF THE COMMISSION ON COMITY,
FEDERATION AND tNITY

The great war has had a powerful effect on the movement
toward the unification of the church. The idea had gradually
been gaining momentum before the war, that the day had
dawned for the integration of Christian forces. But the war
has made men feel that to perpetuate the unnecessary and
schismatic divisions of the church would bring the church
itself into derision and contempt. Hence, the two years past
have been busy and eventful ones for the Commission charged
with the conduct of these negotiations.

It ought not to be forgotten that, in a measure, the con-
science of the churches of America has been voiced and its
united influence felt. Through the Federal Council of the
Churches of Christ of America, both in international matters
and in regard to the grave domestic concerns of labor and
capital, it has spoken in no uncertain tones and it has rallied
the churches to the support of the program of a League of
Nations, the new internationalism, and to a fresh study of the
democracy of Jesus in relation to industrial conditions, stand-
ards and ideals. Never before, perhaps, has the worth and
meaning of the Federal Council been more clearly demon-
strated than during the past two years. Your Commission has
co-operated with it and in addition to the denominational ap-
portionment paid from our National Council treasury has
endeavored to assist the Federal Council in securing the funds
needed.

The growing demand for a union of church forces to meet
the needs of the new world has resulted also in the great
Inter-Church Missionary Movement for the pooling of the
intelligence, strength and finances of the churches in a com-
prehensive effort : first, to survey the home and foreign mis-
sionary fields and then to plan a united and constructive pro-
gram to accomplish the task which they present. This has
been one of the most interesting and promising of the Move-
ments w^hich have sprung up as the result of the war. If
philanthropic agencies could unite in meeting the demands of

256 COMMISSION ON COMITY, FEDERATION, UNITY

the war, it has been felt that churches should be able to unite
behind the program of the "Prince of Peace." A descrip-
tion of the Movement in detail belongs, however, to the report
of the Commission on Missions.

The most important work of our Commission has been in
co-operation with the movement initiated by the General
Assembly of the Presbyterian Church, which extended an invi-
tation to the national bodies of evangelical communions of
America to meet for the purpose of formulating a plan of
organic union. A preliminary conference was held at Phila-
delphia, December 4-6, 1918, and an Ad Interim Committee
was there chosen to carry forward the movement initiated by
that conference. Representatives of this Commission have
shared in the labors of this Committee, which has finished
its preliminary labors and has called a Council of all co-operat-
ing churches to meet at an early day to consider its proposals.
While no final decision has been reached as to the form of
these proposals, the Committee appears up to the present time
to be united in its judgment that a plan of Federal Union
should be submitted. The chief features of this plan will be
as follows :

1. The adoption of a brief declaratory statement summa-
rizing the common evangelical faith of the churches thus en-
tering into association.

2. The selection of a name, such as ' ' The United Churches
of America," to be used in connection with the various
denominational names as a symbol of their association.

3. The creation of a representative Council which would
meet biennially and to whose hands would be committed the
guidance of certain great common interests, notably matters
of missionary promotion and policy. The Council would also
constitute a forum in which American Protestantism would
meet for discussion of its major responsibilities.

It is manifestly inexpedient at this time to attempt a con-
sideration of the possibilities of this plan or its bearing upon
other movements which seek to unify the churches of America.
This will be in order when the contemplated Council on Or-
ganic Union shall submit its proposals.

While this plan is in the nature of a federal union rather
than an actual merging of denominations into one single

COMMISSION ON COMITY, FEDERATION, UNITY 257

church, it will be noted that it is a genuine union in that the
Council has definite duties and functions, and that through
the operation of this practical method of action the churches
will be prepared for a more complete union. Thus the United
Churches of America may become the United Church of
Christ in America. The serious attention of the National
Council should be given to this important forward step in the
unification of the churches in the United States.

Not much progress has been made so far as the North Ameri-
can churches are concerned toward realizing the World Con-
ference of Faith and Order. Since the termination of the war,
however, efforts have been made by the Episcopal Commis
sion to secure the participation of the Church of Rome and
of the Eastern churches in this conference. Rome has declined
these overtures, but it seems increasingly likely that the East
em churches will be represented. The new attitude of the
Eastern churches to the Western churches outside of the
Roman communion is one of the significant church tendencies
of the times.

A few individual members of the Protestant Episcopal and
of the Congregational churches, acting on their own initiative
and in no official sense representing either communion, have
issued in recent months certain proposals bearing on the ques-
tion of Christian unity. This Commission as a body has no
relation to these proposals and no opinion to express upon
them. It simply reports their essential features for the infor-
mation of the Council. The fundamental judgment contained
in the paper issued by the individuals indicated is to the
effect that certain valuable practical ends would be attained if
the Protestant Episcopal Church were to adopt a canon per-
mitting its bishops to give Episcopal ordination to non-Episco-
pal ministers, and if the opportunity thus tendered were to
be accepted by ministers so situated that such double ordina-
tion would give them mder access to persons of different
tyipes of training. The main details of the canon proposed are
as follows :

1. Each bishop to be free to decide at his o-svn discretion
what ministers, if any, he will accept for such ordination.

2. In all eases his action to be conditioned upon the ap-

258 COMMISSION ON COMITY, FEDERATION, UNITY

proval of the body to which the minister making application
may belong.

3. The minister upon whom Episcopal orders may be thus
conferred would not be required to renounce his previous or-
dination nor to alter his relation to his own communion.

4. The minister in accepting such ordination would under-
take to administer the Lord's Supper with the use of the
words and acts recorded in the New Testament, together with
the Apostles' Creed, and to meet with the bishop as he might
request for prayer and conference.

5. Such minister would have the full status of a minister
in the Episcopal Church, but in case he were appointed rector
of a parish would be required to take additional engagements
with reference to the use of the prayer book, etc.

The proposals thus outlined have, of course, no peculiar
reference to the Congregational communion, but apply equally
to ministers of every non-Episcopal body. Their authors arge
that a large number of men serving as chaplains in the army,
navy or public institutions, together with a still larger num-
ber at work on the foreign field and in communities where
there is or ought to be but one church, would find their task
simplified and their influence broadened by bearing the cre-
dentials of two types of religious organizations.

REPORT OF COMMISSION ON TEMPERANCE

The National Council of Congregational Churches in Amer-
ica in the years gone b}- may have had manj^ Commissions
on Temperance more efficient than the present one, but
it has never had a commission with a more interesting
report to make. This you are aware is not due to the ex-
traordinary' ability of the Commission to plan and achieve,
but rather to the great unforeseen movement of events that
has characterized the two years that have intervened since-
your Commission was appointed. Little did we dream, when
we took up the work you had assigned to us, that we were
so near the goal for which we had striven through these long,
weary years.

Before opportunity presented itself to get the Commission
together for the first time, the prohibition amendment to the
Constitution of the United States had been adopted and sent
back to the States for ratification. Our National Secretary
being in Kansas City during the early part of the year 1918
made it seem an advisable time and place to call the first
meeting of the Commission. The Commission was unanimous
at that meeting in its thought that our work was already cut
out for us, namely, securing the support of our entire de-
nomination, in so far as we could influence it, in aid of all
existing temperance organizations in the various States in
the campaign for the ratification of the national amendment
to the Constitution. This we undertook to do by asking a
strong man or woman in every State to assume the respon-
sibility of leadership and to bring together a State Com-
mittee that would stir up all our people to co-operate actively
with every influence in that State for the ratification of the
amendment. The response to this proposal was generous, and
we believe efficient and practical work was accomplished.

The result of this combined effort began immediately to
manifest itself and is now a matter of historj^ but the sum-
mary of the results makes interesting reading. In January,
1918, five States ratified — Mississippi, Virginia, Kentucky,

260 COMMISSION ON TEMPERANCE

South Carolina and North Dakota. In February three States
- — ^Maryland, Montana and. Texas. In March two States —
Delaware and Sovith Dakota. In April one State — Massachu-
setts. In May one State — Arizona. In June one State —
Georgia. In August one State — Louisiana. In November
one State — Florida. In all, fifteen States ratified in 1918.
In January, 1919, twenty-nine States ratified — just two less
than one for every day of the month. They were : Michi-
gan, Idaho, Ohio, Oklahoma, Illinois, Maine, Tennessee, West
Virginia, California, North Carolina, Indiana, Nebraska,
Washington, Alabama, Arkansas, Kansas, Colorado, Iowa,
New Hampshire, Oregon, Utah, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Mis-
souri, Vermont, Wyoming, New" Mexico, Nevada and New
York. In February one State, Pennsylvania, making in aU
forty-five States, a number far in excess of the required num-
ber. Thus National Prohibition became an accomplished fact,
the authorities in Washington establishing January 16, 1920,
as duly certified, the date when the law would go into effect
and America should become a saloon-less nation. Praise
God from whom all blessings flow !

One interesting bit of history in connection with our work
as a Commission is fitting to be told at this time. At our
meeting in Kansas City we agreed that some literature should
be gotten out to aid our people in the various States in their
campaign for ratification. We agreed upon the nature and
amount of this literature and the persons who should be asked
to prepare it. This was done as rapidly as the pressure of
other obligations would permit. We immediately made plans
to get it at once into the hands of those who would make use
of it in the various state legislatures that were then in ses-
sion; but as before indicated these plans had to be made by
correspondence, and about that time the States came tumbling
over one another in such rapid succession with their ratifica-
tion enactments that we are loath to prophesy as to the
measure of the influence of our literature on the net result,
but like many of the things, possibly unnecessary, that we
did in our determination to help win the war, we did it in
the spirit of leaving no stone unturned that would contribute
in any possible way to the final goal.

COMMISSION ON TEMPERANCE 261

The leaflets above meutioned were two in number; one
entitled "A Dream Come True," reviewing the situation as
to prohibition up to the present hour; and the other, "After
Thirty-Seven Years," containing testimonials from prominent
citizens of Kansas concerning the working of prohibition in
a State where a whole generation of men and women have
passed from childhood to middle life without having ever
seen a legalized saloon. Many thousands of these leaflets
have been distributed.

This report is in preparation during the last days of June,
Two daj's ago the world was electrified by the news that
the World's Peace Treat}- had been signed. Tomorrow the
war time measure for National Prohibition goes into effect ;
the President has announced by cable that, while it is beyond
his power to act until our troops have been demobilized,
when that is accomplished he mil regard the war time measure
as no longer operative, having accomplished its purpose, and
will use his authorit}' to proclaim a. return to pre-war con-
ditions so far as the temperance question is concerned until
the operation of the constitutional amendment becomes ef-
fective.

Far be it from this Commission to impugn the motives of
one who has had such large responsibilities and such arduous
tasks and has in the main stood for such splendid ideals as
has our President; we could wish, however, that that portion
of the law that explicitly stated that "No product necessary
for breadstuff's should be used for the manufacture of spirit-
uous liquors so long as it is needed to feed the starving
populations of the world," might have been considered as
sufficient reason to continue war time prohibition until the
time when the Federal Amendment should become operative.
Because of the necessit}^ of preparing this report at an early
date it is impossible to give any idea of what the coming days
may bring forth in the endeavor to enforce the war time
prohibition law. When it is in print all of this will be a
matter of history and therefore something about which all
will be fully informed. Whatever may have occurred, the
days are not far distant when the National Amendment will
become operative, and complete anj' of the incompleted be-
ginnings of the war time law.

262 COMMISSION ON" TEMPERANCE

Perhaps this report is sufficiently complete at this point,
but your Commission begs the privilege of submitting one
or two observations that may be easily deducted from the
history of the past two years.

First of all, the temperance history of the past half century
is one of the finest examples the world has ever had of the
power, the principle and the efficiency of democracy. We
have just« completed a war that was fought for world wide
democracy; thrones have toppled over and crowns have gone
into the discard. The world stands waiting for the great
experiment of democratic government. Now what is the
fundamental principle of democratic government? It is
that each individual has the right to self-expression. That
is, the right to live his own life according to his own ideas,
choose his own wife, his o\\ti place to live, his own work in
life, his own religion, worshipping God as he chooses, or not
worshipping him at all, in so far as his choice does not inter-
fere with the rights of other individuals with whom he lives
in social, industrial or governmental relationships and that
the boundary lines of these rights between individuals in a
commonwealth shall be established, not by arbitrary decree
of an individual, not by the ultimatums of a class, not by
riot and bloodshed, but by reason and brotherhood, by the
voice of all the people gathered into sovereign law, by the
intelligent exercise of the right of franchise. The funda-
mental principle of democracy holds it to be a truth that
the judgment of no one man, however wise he may be as to
the boundary lines that mark the rights between individuals,
is as good as the combined judgment of all the citizens of
the commonwealth, the state's collected .will. There may
be one man in Grand Eapids that the citizens of the com-
munity would readily say has superior judgment as to the
boundary lines that should mark the rights between indi-
viduals of this city, but there is no man w^ho has wisdom
superior to the collected wisdom of all the citizens of Grand
Eapids. This is the rock upon which democracy is grounded.
The most acute home problem we -have today is the labor
problem. The fundamental question in the labor problem
is what is labor's share of the combined products of toil.
That question can never be settled in a democracy by ulti-

COMMISSION ON TEMPERANCE 263

matuiiis from the Central Labor Ijnion or decrees from the
Employei-s' Association; ultimatums and decrees that make
the pursuit of the ordinary activities of life by other vast
areas of humanity impossible without peril of violence. These
questions can only be settled by a program of education,
information and moral suasion that will come into the light
of day and plead their cause before a democratic public and
abide by the collected will of the whole community enacted
into law, and in the judgment of your Commission the hour
has come when we must speak with no uncertain tone, even at
the risk of being misunderstood and persecuted, against the
violation of law and the disturbance of the peace of the
community in the accomplishment of its purpose by any or-
ganization, institution or individual. Whenever either laboi
or capital violates law, the collective^ will of the community,
and produces a state of violence for the accomplishment of
its purposes, that moment it reveals itself to be undemocratic,
autocratic, and uuM^orthy of the protection of a democratic
community. Now perhaps some one is saying what has this
to do with the temperance question? Simply this, that the
temperance fight of a half century is the greatest world reve-
lation of what can be accomplished in a democratic govern-
ment by the program of education and information and moral
suasion when a just cause comes into the open and pleads its
case before the jury of all the people.

Twenty-five years ago those of us who believed in the
abolition of the American Dram Shop as our greatest breeder
of strife, corruption, disease, disorder, crime and poverty,
were in a small, painful, persecuted minority. We did not
undertake to bring in the reign of that day for which we
dreamed by deeds of violence, but by continued patience and
long suffering we took our cause to the people of a great
democratic commonwealth, we educated, we informed, we en-
lightened, we legislated in small areas, we appealed, we
prayed, we pleaded, and at last the gathered judgment of a
great commonwealth, the state's collected will, like a mighty
avalanche swept the country clean of its most deadly enemy,
its most terrible foe. Here is the program for the settlement
of the great questions, not only of our own land, but for the

264 COMMISSION ON TEMPERANCE

reconstruction of the world in this new clay of a democracy's
long delayed opportunity.

One more observation may be permitted in a closing word.
It relates to the work yet to be accomplished.

First, in the conservation of the victory already achieved.
Let no man deceive himself by thinking because we have
secured the National Amendment to the Constitution abolish-
ing the traffic in strong drink that our task is done. -By one
fell stroke we have annihilated, or will annihilate, the most
outstanding social institution in our American life. What
have we to offer in its stead? You cannot successfully and
permanently destroy except by creating. The expulsive power
of a new motive, a new interest, a new ideal is reform's most
effective weapon. Mr. Gompers, speaking for labor, has said
he know^s labor and he knows what labor wants — it wants
beer. Passing over the fact that it is a slander upon vast
areas of labor, you and I know that it is not simply begr that
labor wants so much as it wants the social contact that comes
with beer — the good fellowship, the forgetfulness sometimes
of inherited squalid surroundings and morbid appetites. Are
we ready to meet thi^ great challenge ? Have we the virility
and the initiative and the consecration to supply this demand ?
The task of conservation is mightier than the task of achieve-
ment.

Nor is our conservation task with lal)or alone. How are we
going to convince the so-called respectable class, many of
them ill our churches, that it is far better for them to abstain
from even a moderate use of liquor than to entail upon the
commonwealth the blight of its scorching, withering curse?
And again think not that in these times of financial pressure
which will inevitably follow the war our enemy will not
be on hand with his age-long insidious argument that we need
the revenue from the licensed saloon, and thus undertake to
undo our work. At that great Anti-Saloon League conven-
tion held a few months ago, Superintendent Baker said that
during the dark days of the Civil War representatives of the
drink traffic gathered under the very shadow of the Capitol
and volunteered their business as a subject for taxation to
help bear the burdens of the war. Out of this suggestion

COMMISSION ON" TEMPERANCE 265

came the enactment of the internal revenue law that caused
the sainted Lincoln to say, "If this traffic becomes rooted in
the revenues of the Republic, it will cause us more trouble
than slaver}'." Our campaigrn is far from complete, our vic-
tory is not 5'et securely won :

"Ne'er think the battle won.
Nor lay thine armor down;"

The greatest task is still before us. Gird up your loins for
completed victory.

But the second part of this final observation of our uncom-
pleted task is the vision of AVorld Prohibition that is inevi-
table in our program of world reconstruction. Time forbids
us to enter into the discussion of a theme of such vast out-
reach. The Anti-Saloon League has already outlined its
World Program. It includes witness and testimony to all
the nations of the earth through speakers, literature and con-
ventions, as to the benefits of the operation of Prohibition in
our ovni land. It includes financial assistance and other
means of co-operation with the other nations of the earth in
temperance, education and information leading up to the
establishment of national legislation. It includes taking up
the great question of international action by conference and
conventions that shall have for their ultimate aim a saloon-
less world. Vast is the undertaking, great is the oppor-
tunity. ]\Iay every man and everj'- woman in our Congrega-
tional Fellowship give earnest heed to the poetic proclama-
tion that has so often stirred us to deeds of valor, heroism and
patriotism in the days gone by.

"He hath sounded forth His trumpet, it shall never call re-
treat.
He is sifting out the souls of men before His judgment seat,
0 be swift, my soul, to answer Him, be jubilant, my feet,

Our God is marching on.
In the beauty of the lilies, Christ was bom across the sea.
With a glory in His bosom that transfigures j'-ou and me.
As He died to make men holy, let us die to make them free.
His truth is marching on."

REPORT OF THE
PILGRIM MEMORIAL FUND COMMISSION

At the meeting of the National Council, New Haven, Conn.,
October 27, 1915, the Commission on Missions was in-
structed to prepare a plan for "a notable effort on the part
of our entire fellowship" which should mark the Pilgrim
Tercentenary. The Commission reported at the meeting of
the National Council, at Columbus, Ohio, October 13, 1917,
recommending that our Congregational Churches should make
the culminating feature of the five-fold Tercentenary Pro-
gram the task of raising the sum of $5,000,000 as a Pilgrim
Memorial Fund, to be held in perpetuity, for investment and
reinvestment, under the care of the Corporation for the Na-
tional Council. Expressing their profound conviction of the
imperative obligation of exalting the dignity of the ministry
in order to promote its effectiveness and to deepen the con-
sciousness of the high and sacred mission of the church,
they recommended that the income of this Memorial Fund
should be used to provide old age annuities, disability and
death benefits for Congregational ministers, in connection
with contributory pajonents by the ministers themselves.

These recommendations were heartily adopted and The
Pilgrim Memorial Fund Commission of One Hundred was
appointed to endeavor to secure this proposed fund. This
Commission, now in the midst of the period designated for
the fulfillment of its objective, reports herewith the progress
made since the last meeting of the Council.

The Commission and its Executive Committee.
The Commission, chosen to represent our entire fellowship
from the Atlantic to the Pacific, was not adapted or designed
for immediate, detailed executive work. To gather its mem-
bers at any one point would manifestly involve such exten-
sive journeyings and such expenditure that upon its appoint-
ment an executive committee was designated with the purpose
that to it should be given authority and responsibility, with

PILGRIM MEMORIAL FUND COMMISSION 267

the advice of the Commission in major matters as far as prac-
ticable, for the organization of the campaign and the direct
supervision of the executive work.

In confirmation of this working policy, it was voted at the
first formal meeting of the Commission, held in New York, De-
cember 17, 1917, that the Executive Committee should have
all the powers of the Commission when the Commission
was not in session. Further meetings of the Commission
held during the period in Chicago and New York were onh^
for the purpose of formal action in matters immediately im-
perative, in which the Executive Committee needed its coun-
sel, but the co-operation of the members of the Commission
has been earnesth^ sought by the Chairman and Executive
Secretary and there have been many important conferences
by groups of members in various sections of the countrj^.

Vacancies occurring in the Commission by • resignation or
death were filled from time to time. One severe loss deserves
special mention. "With deep sorrow we record the death of
Professor Fred. B. Hill, Professor of Biblical Literature in
Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota, one of our foremost
lajTiien in devoted and inspiring service and among the ear-
liest and most generous friends of the Memorial Fund and
Chairman of the Minnesota State Commission. A prince of
men he was indeed ! Would that we had more of his kind !

The Executive Committee entered upon its task while the
Council was in session at Columbus, gathering for informal
conference such members of the Commission as were in the
city and taking steps for immediate action relative to the care
of the funds, the appointment of an executive secretary, and
the opening of a central office in New York. At the first
meeting of the Commission, the resignation of Kev. Oscar E.
Maurer, D.D., of New Haven from the Executive Committee
was regretfully accepted as he was about to leave for a pro-
longed term of service with the Young Men's Christian Asso-
ciation in France. Mr. Lucius R. Eastman, President Hills
Brothers' Company, New York, was chosen in his place. At
Coliunbus Dr. William E. Barton was chosen as Recording
Secretary of the Committee. In addition to its formal meet-
ings from time to time, the Committee, through constant cor-

268 PILGRIM MEMORIAL FUND COMMISSION

respondence and informal meetings, has been practically in
continuous session during the entire period.

Executive Leaders

At the meeting of the Commission in New York, December
17, 1917, the Executive Committee recommended the election
of Rev. Herman Frank Swartz, D.D., Secretary of Missions,
Congregational Home Missionary Society, as Executive Secre-
tary. He was unanimously chosen. His experience, giving
an unusual acquaintance with our entire fellowship, his
power of organization, his vigorous leadership and his sus-
tained enthusiasm have been of great value. He entered upon
his labors in January, 1918. To him has been committed
the chief oversight of the campaigns in the various states and
the gathering of an adequate field force, while he has been
a most effective advocate of the cause in important centers
East and West.

The Board of Ministerial Relief has from the first fostered
the movement for annuities with earnest devotion and, as the
campaign for the Memorial Fund began, relinquished for its
service Dr. F. L. Hayes, Western Representative and Rev. F.
W. Hodgdon, New England Representative. Their experience
as advocates of the Annuity Fund enabled them to enter with
the intelligence of experts upon this larger undertaking under
the direction of the Executive Secretary. A group of pastors
and other workers were gathered around each of these leaders
for the chief work of pulpit and personal presentation of the
cause. With them also have effectively labored Rev. E. S.
Shaw and Rev. H. J. Hinman, former Field Representatives
of the Annuity Fund, with many others appointed in the
progress of the canvass.

The Literature of the Campaign

The first months of the work were necessarily given to the
development of organization, the determination of the meth-
ods of campaign, and the provisions for the care of the Fund.
Many technical questions were involved. As a result of
these months of study a booklet of sixteen pages was issued
in March, 1918, designed to set forth the history of the move-
ment, the objective of the Memorial Fund, its imperative claim

PILGRIM MEMORIAL FUND COMMISSION 269

upon the churches, and the significant results which would
follow its ministries.. It gave in detail the plan devised for
guarding the integrity of the fund, for its investment, and
for the distribution of its income. It contained also an out-
line of the original plan of the Annuity Fund and of the
expanded ' plan adopted at Columbus. It has been printed
in tens of thousands of copies. Later a brief leaflet was
printed by the Executive Secretary — "The Pilgrim Memorial
Fund in Outline" — for constant use in the active campaign.
The more technical booklet setting forth the details of the
Expanded Plan, together with statistical tables and explana-
tory schedules for permanent use, has been in preparation
during the entire period with the counsel of the actuary,
Mr. George A. Huggins, and in conference with the Trustees
of the Annuity Fund, the Board of Ministerial Relief and a
Committee of the Commission on Missions. It was deemed
advisable to take all the time needed for the most painstaldng
study in perfecting details. While no serious obstacles have
been found, there were many technical points of great impor-
tance to he exactly stated and adjusted under the compre-
hensive outline, which has not been changed in any essential
particular. The advice of the foremost actuaries has been
sought and the entire plan has been under the scrutiny of
eminent representatives of the science of pension and annuity
plans. The most generous assistance has been given by these
experts, often without a dollar of expense, and the plan has
received, in the highest quarters, the strongest commendation
as the best plan devised for the application of the modem
scientific pension system to th» life of the minister.

Late in this last summer a legal inquiry, starting many
months before in the discussions of the Board of Trustees
of the Annuity Fund, revealed the advisability of certain
amendments in the charter of the Annuity Fund to admit a
broader basis of operation for the best interests of the min-
istry' under the Expanded Plan. These amendments are now
being undertaken by those appointed to guide the matter
through the courts with the expectation that they will soon
be completed. Meanwhile, a tentative edition of the actu-
arial booklet with its schedules is now in print for distri-
bution to members of the Annuity Fund. It should be under-

270 PILGRIM MEMORIAL FUND COMMISSION

stood that it is not necessarily in its precise, final form and
is subject to the securing of the amended charter.

The Care of the Memorial Fund
Under the vote of the National Council at Columbus, the
Commission was given full discretion and authority as to
methods of procedure in the solicitation of subscriptions, but
the responsibility for the care of the funds, not only on the
completion of the Memorial Fund, but during the process of
its collection, above reasonable expenditures for the campaign
and for administration, was vested in the Corporation for
the National Council, whose charter had been purposely drawn
in the broadest terms to admit of any such trust. As it was
manifest that the central office of the Fund must be in con-
nection with the office of the Board of Ministerial Relief and
the Annuity Fund in New York, it was essential that in the
membership of the Corporation there should be a group of
financiers of the metropolitan district to whom the investment
of the funds might be committed. It was further deemed
advisable, in order to promote effective action, that a consid-
erable proportion of the Executive Committee of the Pilgrim
Memorial Fund Commission should be members of the Cor-
poration. The changes were readily made under the guidance
of Judge Simeon E. Baldwin, LL. D., Vice-President of the
Corporation, and by the gracious courtesy of the members of
the Corporation who resigned their membership to admit of
this reorganization.

The Corporation thus reorganized elected as treasurer, Mr.
B. H. Fancher, Vice-President Fifth Avenue Bank; and as
Finance Committee, Messrs. fe. H. Fancher; S. H. Miller,
Vice-President Chase National Bank; Samuel Woolverton,
Vice-President Hanover National Bank; Willard E. Edmis-
ter, President Hamilton Trust Company, Brooklyn, and Rus-
sell S. Walker, President Dime Savings Bank, Brooklyn. The
Finance Committee, with the approval of the Corporation,
designated the Bankers Trust Company, New York, as the
depositary of the Fund.

The Form of Subscription

In order to avoid any possible alienation of funds in future
davs much thought was given bv the Executive Committee

PILGRIM MEMORIAL FUND COMMISSION 271

of the Pilgrim Memorial Fund Commission and the Cor-
poration for the National Council with the advice of coun-
sel, in devising the form of subscription, and the following
form was finally adopted :

Whereas, the Congregational Churches in the United
States, in conneetion with their celehration of the Ter-
centenary of the Landing of the Pilgrims, desire to raise
a fund of at least Five Million Dollars ($5,000,000), to
he known as

THE PILGRIM MEMORIAL FUND
to provide old-age annuities, disability and death bene-
fits for Congregational ministers. Now, therefore, the
undersigned agrees to give the amount written below for
the above purpose as a part of such a fund which shall
be held by the Corporation for the National Council of
the Congregational Churches of the United States and
invested and reinvested by it. No part of the principal
shall be used for the purposes above stated, but the net
income, determined from time to time by said Corpora-
tion to be applicable to the purpose of providing for the
payment of old-age annuities, disability and death bene-
fits for Congregational ministers and their dependents,
shall be paid over to the Annuity Fund for Congrega-
tional Ministers.

The amount of this subscription is $ per

year for five years.

First payment date 19

and the subsequent payments to be made

quarterly 1
semi-annually [ thereafter.

annually )

It will be noted that in this form the subscriber is given
the option of five annual payments, it being concluded that a
far greater sum could be realized by such a plan than if the
entire pajnnent were asked in cash. Later experience shows
that a large proportion of the gifts are made on this plan.
It is also possible to discharge subscriptions through the gift
of Liberty Bonds which are taken at par.

Memorial Gifts
The Executive Committee, believing that gifts to the Pil-
grim Memx)rial Fund afford a natural opportunity for memo-
rials to the fathers in the gospel ministrj^ and to other honored
men and women of our fellowship, worked out a special form
of subscription whereby any gift of $1,000 or more may be
named as a memorial of any one designated by the donor
with the understanding that the gift will stand as a part
of the Pilgrim Memorial Fund under the designated name.

272 PILGRIM MEMORIAL FUND COMMISSION

It is, however, provided that none of these gifts are segre-
gated, but that all are component parts of the Fund as a
whole and are entirely under the control of the Corporation
for the National Council, the memorial being the motive
for the gift and not its condition. Already there have been
made the following memorial gifts :

The Hannah Caroline Bovey Memorial.
The Amory Howe Bradford Memorial.
The Nettie Marion Buseil Memorial.
The Lewis F. Clark Memorial.
The E. M. Condit Memorial.

The Christopher M. and Lydia G. B. Cordley Memo-
rial.
The Joshua Davis Memorial.
The Emerson Davis Memorial.
The Warren F. Day Memorial.
The Lucius R. Eastman Memorial.
The Martha C. Gallagher Memorial.
The Fred B. Hill Memorial.
The Elijah Horr Memorial.
The Asa McFarland Memorial.
The Charles Lewis Mills Memorial.
The John Nutting Memorial.
The George Uhler Memorial.
The Augustus Goodnow Upton Memorial.
The James G. Vose Memorial.
The Thomas P. Wilkinson Memorial.

Doubtless other sons and daughters of noble sires who
gave their lives to the ministry or other forms of Christian
service will honor the fathers by similar gifts, and many a
church which looks back with inexpressible gratitude to the
fruitful ministries of one who for long years broke unto it
the bread of life will make record, by its generous offerings
of its sense of indebtedness to him.

Conditional Gifts

It is further provided by vote of the Corporation for the
National Council that conditional gifts may be received, a
stipulated income being paid to the donor for his life and
the gift reverting at his death to the Memorial Fund, the

PILGRIM MEMORIAL Fl'ND COMMISSION 273

same being through a form of gift duly adopted by the cor-
poration, which may be had on application to the Executive
Secretary.

Bequests

From the first, special attention has been called to the
opportunity of making bequests to the Pilgrim Memorial
Fund. It is known that a number of persons have written
the Fund into their wills. Already $10,000 has been received
from the settlement of one estate. Not only in the immediate
objective, to be completed in 1920, but through all the years
that follow, this Fund should appeal to the benevolent in-
stincts of those who have means to leave for the work of the
Kingdom after their decease. The object should appeal with
special directness to those w^hose advanced years, passed in
comfort, make them sensitive to the struggles of the ministers
and their widows who, having served the churches with
fidelity in the days of their strength, come to old age without
the opportunity of adequate provision for their personal
needs.

All pastors are particularly requested to note the oppor-
tunity of suggesting legacies to the Fund.

State Quotas
In order to have a concrete objective in each state cam-
paign, a table prepared for the work of the Apportionment
Committee by Dr. Lucien C. Warner of New York, based on
the resident membership of the churches in 1916, with the
benevolent gifts and the expenditures for church support in
that year, has been used as a suggestive basis for determin-
ing the minimum amount to be raised in each state, if the
full amount of the Memorial Fund is to be secured. Ten per
cent was added to the face of the Fund to provide for the
inclusion, in certain state apportionments, of the subscrip-
tions to the endowment of the Annuity Fund in the years
1913-1917, for the necessary expenses of the campaign and
for some shrinkage inevitable in such a large number of sub-
scriptions. This provision was essential to obtain a net sum
of at least $5,000,000. The suggested figure was never levied
upon a state as an assessment, or even as an apportionment,
but each state was asked in turn if it would take the desig-

274 PILGRIM MEMORIAL FUND COMMISSION

nated figure* as the minimum to be raised within its borders.
In no case was the proposed figure lowered. In some cases
it was enlarged.

The State Quotas are as follows:

Massachusetts $1,320,000

Connecticut 660,000

Illinois 500,000

New York 415,000

Ohio 275,000

Iowa 220,000

Michigan 200,000

Southern California* 200,000

Wisconsin 185,000

Minnesota 175,000

New Jersey 154,000

Vermont -. 150,000

Maine 145,000

New Hampshire 145,000

Washington* 135,000

Nebraska* 125,000

Northern California* 125,000

Rhode Island 88,000

Kansas* 88,000

Missouri 88,000

Colorado 60,000

North Dakota 50,000

South Dakota* 50,000

- Oregon* 35,000

Pennsylvania 27,000

District of Columbia 22,000

Indiana 18,000

Florida* 11,000

Montana 10,000

Idaho* 10,000

Utah 7,000

Oklahoma 5,500

Texas 5,500

Wj^oming 5,500

Maryland 4,400

PILGRIM MEMORIAL FUND COMMISSION 275

Georgia* $3,500

Arizona* 3,000

West Virginia 2,200

Nevada* 2,200

New Mexico* 1,100

Louisiana 1,100

Kentucky* 1,100

Virginia* 1,100

Tennessee* 1,100

Alabama* 1,100

South Carolina* 1,100

Arkansas* 1,100

Hawaii* 50,000

Porto Kico* 1,100

Alaska* 1,100

Colored Churches 12,000

*The states thus marked have not yet taken final action in
establishing their quotas, but the available figures would in-
dicate that the several amounts given are equitable and likel.y
to be designated.

THE FIELD WORK

Reported by the Executive Secretary

In the field work we have had a fine variety of experience
and have secured much enlightenment regarding the personnel
of our fellowship. It may be safe to say that the field staff
for the Pilgrim Memorial Fund can give a more accurate de-
scription of both the piety and the purses of the members of
our churches than can be secured from any source other than
the journal of the recording angel himself.

There are two main sources from which gifts can be drawn.
First, the churches as such subscribing in their own name
and carrying the responsibility of securing the money on their
own shoulders; and second, individuals approached either
through and with the help of the churches, or directlj' and
without regard to church agencies.

After much consideration we think it decidedly undesir-
able, if not impossible, to attempt to secure the Pilgrim
Memorial Fund through the action of the churches as official

276 PILGRIM MEMORIAL FUND COMMISSION

bodies. The trustees in general are already overloaded with
responsibility. The benevolent committees have the appor-
tionment matters which serve to keep most of them in per-
plexity and the pastor, of 'all people, is not the individual to
be burdened with the raising of this Fund. A few churches
here and there have acted in their corporate capacity in mak-
ing their subscriptions, but we have not thought it desirable
to encourage this method.

We have, therefore, turned to direct solicitation of indi-
viduals for subscriptions to be collected directly by the Com-
mission. The outcome has demonstrated the wisdom of our
procedure.

In the solicitation of gifts there are two possible methods.
We might seek subscriptions on the per capita basis, so much
per member regardless of the inequalities of ability to give,
or we might approach individuals with the expectation of in-
teresting them in subscribing in amounts really proportioned
to their resources. We have met earnest advocates of each
plan, but our decision has been in favor of the latter and our
juccess has vindicated the soundness of the judgment.

We, therefore, make our approach directly by handing cards
to people gathered in public meetings and by solicitation in
the home or in the office, with the request that subscriptions
be made in amounts related to the $5,000,000 on the one hand,
and on the other to the donor's knowledge of his ability to
give.

The process of the field work has been as follows: First,
the State Conference has been asked to take action on the
subject of the Pilgrim Memorial Fund and to appoint a State
Commission of the strongest men, chiefly laymen. This Com-
mission has appointed an Executive Committee to carry
through the details of the campaign. The State Conference,
directly, or the Commission under its authority, has early
sought to set a quota as the minimum to be solicited in the
state. This so called quota, has generally been about three
times the amount of the assigned Benevolence Apportion-
ment, or about five times the actual gifts under the Appor-
tionment. Individual churches have also often asked that a
quota be assigned to them. It has been found impossible to

PILGRIM MEMORIAL FUND COMMISSION 277

secure a uniform coefficient by which . the benevolence ap-
portionment can be multiplied with the hope of securing a
just result for the Pilgrim Memorial Fund. The chief dif-
ficulty is that some churches, like some individuals, are sure
not to participate in anj' adequate way and that others must
bear the burden in their stead. We, therefore, in no instance,
have approved a quota of less than three times the assigned
benevolence apportionment, while a number of the stronger
churches with magnificent generosity have accepted quotas
running as high as eight times their assigned apportionment.
For example, Plymouth Church of Minneapolis, whose ap-
portionment is $10,000, thought it might seek to raise $50,000,
but actually subscribed over $80,000.

In working out a plan of the canvass itself, teams have
been organized under the supervision of district leaders. At
the present time the following teams are in operation :

The Eastern District, Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont,
Massachusetts, and Rhode Island, under the leadership of Rev.
Frank W. Hodgdon of Boston. Connecticut under the leader-
ship of Rev. William S. Beard. New York under the leader-
ship of Rev. George L. Cady, D. D. Indiana, Iowa, Illinois,
Wisconsin, Minnesota, Colorado, Missouri, under the leader-
ship of Rev. F. L. Hayes, D. D. Ohio and Michigan under
the leadership of Rev. Charles L. Fisk. The Pacific Coast
District under the leadership of Rev. Henry H. H. Kelsey,
D. D. The Colored Churches under the leadership of Profes-
sor William H. Hollo way.

With these leaders are associated a group of field men some
of whom are under the salary of the Commission ; others
are pastors and other religious workers who have been re-
leased to us for a period by the gracious action of their or-
ganizations as a part of their contribution to the " general
cause.

Under the leadership of the State Commission and of the
dean of the team, plans are worked out for the presentation
of the Fund, appointments made with pastors and churches
and a rapid canvass of the whole state carried out. Often
groups of influential lajnnen are gathered in the large cen-
tres to afford opportunities for the frank interchange of sug-

278 PILGRIM MEMORIAL FUND COMMISSION

gestion and to promote familiar acquaintance with the ob-
jective of the movement in the state. Usually the main re-
liance is placed upon the presentation of the Fund at a Sun-
day morning service with subscriptions taken at the time,
followed by personal interviews by the representative of the
Fund with the aid of the pastor or a local committee to make
a genuine and thorough canvass of the entire congregation.
There have been many variations from this plan, but in gen-
eral this method has been most dependable in securing re-
sults.

The state canvass is today substantially completed in Colo-
rado, Louisiana, Minnesota, Montana, Oklahoma, Rhode Isl-
and, Texas and Wisconsin, and the work is well on toward
completion in Maine, New Hampshire,^ New Jersey, Missouri,
Pennsylvania and Vermont, while it has recently been com-
menced and is now in full swing in Connecticut, Illinois,
Indiana, Iowa, Massachusetts, Michigan, New York, North
Dakota and Ohio.

At the request of the churches on the Pacific Coast the can-
vass of that section is deferred until January and February.
Plans for states not included in the lists named above will
be announced later.

Larger Gifts

In addition to the organized state campaigns careful effort
has been made to reach those having the larger resources in
the hope of interesting them to make great gifts as people
of wealth in other denominations have given in similar move-
ments. Up to the date of this report the results at this point
have been far below what could reasonably be expected from
the success in other fellowships. The largest single gift thus
far received is for $50,000, and there are two others of $25,000
each, one of $15,000, and several of $10,000 each. These con-
trast sharply with many of $100,000, $250,000 and upwards
received by the canvass of the Protestant Episcopal, Presby-
terian, Baptist, and Methodist Episcopal churches for the
same cause. It is fair to say that the period covered was
peculiarly unfavorable for the greater gifts and it is hoped
that the months before us may show a better result in this
regard.

pilgrim memorial fund commission 279

The Pilgrim Memorial Fund and the Missionary Societies.

It might be imagined that the administration of the Mis-
sionary Societies, their progress dependent on the gifts of the
churches, would view this great effort to raise from our con-
stituency two and half times the total of annual missionary
apportionments with some solicitude. But one of the most
notable features of our experience has been their kind and
unselfish assistance. None have given more freely of counsel.
Our missionary boards have with one consent put themselves
at our service. They sincerely believe that this cause is
absolutely central, that in its success lies the hope of the fu-
ture. Their contributions are worth noting. The Congre-
gational Home Missionary Society, yielding in noblest spirit
its Secretary of Missions as the Executive Secretary of the
Pilgrim Memorial Fund Commission, followed their Godspeed
to him later by releasing a portion of the time of their
treasurer, Mr. Charles H. Baker, to superintend the financial
details of the office management, and by permitting the Pro-
motion Secretary, Kev. W. S. Beard, to become the dean of
the team for the State of Connecticut, while the State Su-
perintendents have been foremost in the service of the cause.
The American Board, giving Dr. C. H. Patton for the work
of the Executive Committee, releases Dr. H. H. Kelsey for
the leadership of the campaign on the Pacific Coast. The
American Missionary Association gives one of its secretaries.
Rev. George L. Cady, D. D., as the dean of the team for
New York. The Education Society has released Rev. Charles
L. Fisk to lead in Ohio and Michigan and the National Coun-
cil has generously assigned Dr. W. W. Scudder to us to take
charge of the publicity interests. Beyond all these notable
instances is the fostering care of the Board of Ministerial
Relief, with the kindly offices of the genial secretary, Dr.
William E. Rice, who from the first has interpreted his in-
timate relationship with this work in the most gracious and
generous terms and who has counted it all joy to serve the
cause of the Memorial Fund in any way in his power, uniting
the appeal for his own dearly beloved aged men of God in
their need with urgent and eloquent pleas for our success.

280 pilgrim memorial fund commission

Financial Results
During the first year of its service the intense patriotic
absorption of our churches in the prosecution of the war,
with the accompanying drives for Liberty Loans, and war
charities made the time exceedingly unfavorable for the
active solicitation of subscriptions on a large scale. Any such
attempt, in the judgment of the Commission, would have de-
feated itself and would have aroused prejudice against the
cause by making it seem a competitor with these urgent na-
tional appeals. The members of the Commission, yielding to
none in patriotic devotion, gave themselves with their fel-
low-citizens to the service of the country, while keepuag ever
on the alert for opportunities for the discharge of their trust
for. our fellowship. Entering the field as fast as the way
opened, beginning quietly in districts least affected by the
conditions, they felt constrained to defer the principal cam-
paign in the states of the greater resources until the fever
of the war should be over and men could give more patient
and earnest heed to the challenge of this cause dear to the
heart of the church. With the more resourceful sections still
to be canvassed, with only a few personal contributions from
the heart of New England, where naturally our greatest re-
sults may be expected, we report subscriptions, September 24,
of $1,148,046, from 23,815 subscribers. This represents
chiefly the giving of the rank and file of the churches whose
cheerful and generous aid is greatly appreciated. When our
wealth shall have added its due share a very great increase
may be expected. Moreover, our 23,815 subscriptions are ex-
pected to reach at least 75,000. '

Expenses
Up to July 1st the expenses, as tabulated at the office of
the Fund, including the early months of small receipts, and
all outlay for organization, solicitation, and administration
were approximately 6% of subscriptions received, a consider-
able proportion representing the abnormally great expense at-
tached to travel, postage, clerical help, etc., in these days of
the high cost of living. It is hoped that with the expected
receipts in the fall campaign this proportion may be re-
duced to 5%,

pilgrim memorial fund commission 281

The Immediate Future

In view of the results today, and the kindly reception of
the cause everywhere, the leaders of the work have felt con-
fident that if the Memorial Fund could have the right of
way through 1920 they would secure at least the entire amount
sought and probably much more. Although we are now com-
pelled to make a radical change of campaign we still hope for
the same result, but the exigency challenges our fellowship
for prompt and powerful assistance.

With the A'ast activities of the Interchureh World Move-
ment proposed for the closing months of 1920, we are
obliged to bring forward into this fall work which had been
planned for next year. Within the space of three or four
months we propose to canvass ]\Iassachusetts, Connecticut,
New York, New Jersey in the East; Ohio, Michigan, Illinois
and Iowa in the Central West. The concentrated drive has
its advantages. The work of the IMemorial Fund, however,
in the judgment of the Executive Committee, will succeed
best by the patient, careful methods hitherto in vogue. These
will be kept as far as possible, but they must be adjusted to
the new conditions. Our field men are eager for the strain of
the sharp campaign. Their ranks have been largely increased.
They will soon number more than fifty men, fine in per-
sonnel, devoted in service. The clerical force at the office
has been corresponding!}- augmented. By the gracious action
of his church the Chairman is released for the work for the
entire period. Other members of the Executive Committee
will give themselves as far as practicable to the task. Many
of our best known pastors, their churches kindly co-operating,
have put themselves at the command of the Commission,
without any emolument.

The outlook is inspiring. It brightens every hour. As
this report goes to press, although the fall work is only in its
initial stages, subscriptions are coming in at the rate of five
hundred per day. Hearty and unanimous support for this
forward movement is everywhere manifest. Its imperative
grips our churches. The most fruitful period is undoubtedly
just before us. We go forward with confidence. If our
wealth will give its generous aid and the members of our

282 PILGRIM MEMORIAL FUND COMMISSION

churches, whatever their resources, will take their share in
personal service as well as gifts, we believe that under the
divine favor we shall reach the great objective within the
time designated. Then shall we be prepared to celebrate the
Tercentenary of the Pilgrim not merely with conventions
and popular acclaim, but by establishing this memorial of
his labor, fortifying the churches for their work at their
weakest point and facing the future with the faith of those
who, three hundred years ago, sought freedom here and by
their faith and fortitude laid the foundation of "the church
without a bishop and the state without a king. ' '

To this end we call upon our churches everywhere and
upon all our fellowship, in the words accompanying our ap-
pointment, to "co-operate with us to the utmost measure of
their power. ' '

REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL
COUNCIL

At two preceding Council meetings your Committee has
submitted a forecast of its plans for a meeting of the Inter-
national Congregational Council in the year 1920. The
prolongation of the Great War practically destroyed the hope
of holding such a meeting. When the armistice was signed,
however, it once more appeared possible to put the under-
taking through. Correspondence with England and the
Dominions has been vigorously prosecuted and preparations
are well under way.

The date and place of the Council have been matters of
very considerable difficulty. It was the earnest hope of your
Committee at the outset that it would prove possible to hold
the meeting at Plymouth. To do so it would be necessary to
have an adequate auditorium and some increase, either per-
manent or temporary, in the provision for local entertain-
ment. The building of an auditorium was at first proposed
as a state matter but was later abandoned. The town of
Plymouth then took up the project and decided to erect an
auditorium, but there is no possibility of its being ready by
mid-summer, 1920. It, therefore, appears to your Committee
that we should hold the meeting in Boston. Pilgrimages
will, of course, be made to historic spots.

As to the date, it seemed imperative that it be held during
the vacation period if we were to secure anything like the
attendance, either from England or from tliis country, which
such an occasion demands. We, therefore, laid the matter
before the English Committee suggesting that it fix a date
somewhere between June 20 and September 15. There were
many factors of perplexity and a final decision was consid-
erablj^ delayed, but in September we w^ere advised that in the
judgment of the Committee in England the conditions of
the case would be best met if we were to select the period
from June 29 to July 6, inclusiw, as the time for holding the
International Council meeting. This will, therefore, be the
date of the Council unless unexpected circumstances in the
near future suggest a change.

284 COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL

It will be observed that the Fourth of July falls within
the date named. It seemed to your Committee that nothing-
more suitable could be imagined than that an international
gathering of the sort contemplated should be in session on
Independence Day. Effort will be made to secure public
men of the most representative character, from both England
and America, to speak on that day at great mass meetings.

Your Committee is giving diligent consideration to the
question of a suitable exhibit. It is not prepared at the
present time to report as to details. It will be agreed that
ideally we ought to present in connection with the Council
such a portraiture of the history of the last 300 years in
picture, pageant and historic mementos as should greatly
reinforce the impression made by the Council upon the na-
tion.

The plan of Commission Reports originally submitted has
been somewhat modified and is in process of execution. Ten
Commissions in this country and the same number in Great
Britain are preparing parallel reports upon an agreed list
of topics. These topics, with the Chairmen chosen in Amer-
ica, are as follows :

1. Congregationalism and Spiritual Ideals. A review of
the spiritual beginnings of Congregationalism with the out-
working and influence of its special contribution to the
spiritual welfare of mankind.

Rev. Harry P. Dewey, D.D.

2. Congregationalism and Its Polity. The history of begin-
nings and development of Congregational polity with an
appraisal of its present features and a forecast of anticipated
developments.

Rev. William E. Barton, D.D.

3. Congregationalism and Literty. The service rendered
by Congregationalism to personal liberty in the intellectual,
political and religious history of the last three hundred years.

Rev. Ashley D. Leavitt, D.D.

4. Congregationalism and Theology. The influence of
Congregationalism in the field of theological thought with an
analysis of its present trend and duty.

Rev. John W. Buckham, D.D.

COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL 285

5. Congregationalism and Education. The achievements
of Congregationalisin in education with a statement of the
present situation and demand.

President M. L. Burton, LL. D.

6. Congregationalism and Missions. The missionary his-
tory of Congregationalism with an outline of its responsi-
bilities and the policy and program required.

Eev. Frank K. Sanders, D.D.

7. Congregationalism and the Social Order. A review of
the service rendered in creating a Christian social order with
the obligations now resting upon it.

Rev. Arthur E. Holt, Ph.D.

8. Congregationalism and Unity. The past influence of
Congregationalism in promoting Christian unity and the
lines upon which its future effort should be exerted.

Rev. "Willard L. Sperry.

9. Congregationalism, and International Relation's. The
international obligations laid upon the Church of Christ by
present conditions and the special bearing of these upon the
Congregational Churches.

President "W. D. Mackenzie, LL.D.

10. Congregationalism and Its Young People. The ideals,
aims and methods needed in order to conserve, upbuild and
train the young people under the care of the churches.

Rev. Ernest Bourner Allen, D.D.

These reports, twenty in number, with perhaps the addi-
tion of a few from the British Dominions will be printed
early in 1920 and circulated among those expecting to attend
the Council. They will be included in the bound volume of
proceedings. The Commissions will be urged to present not
merely a review of the history which has been made by our
fellowship but also, with special care, to portray the existing
situation in their respective fields and to indicate the lines
upon which thought and effort ought to advance. The pro-
gram of the Council will be based upon these reports, but will
of course be given a wide range in historical reminiscence
and discussion of current issues.

286 COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL

The Committee has asked for time at this meeting of the
National Council to present in oral form various aspects of
the large, practical significance of the anniversary of the com-
ing year. Profound and moving as are the records of the
past we shall celebrate, they are overshadowed by the oppres-
sive issues of the hour in their relation to the principles by
which that past was shaped. We shall be sadly remiss if
we do not summon ourselves and all whom our influence can
reach to fresh consideration of the bearing of the Pilgrim
message upon the life of the world of our time.

REPORT OP THE CONGREGATIONAL HOME
MISSIONARY SOCIETY

For the most part the following condensed report is based
upon the work of the Society for the two years beginning
April 1, 1917, and ending March 31, 1919. The statistics of
results are for the calendar years of 1917 and 1918. Some
observations are added in occasional sentences having to do
with the time since April 1, 1919 ; these are ob\'ious.

The Church Extension Boards

The Congregational Home Missionary Society is intimately
associated with the Congregational Church Building Society
and the Congregational Sunday School Extension Society in
accordance with the plan adopted by the National Council
in 1915. This association is secured by having the Board of.
Directors, Executive Committee, General Secretary and
Treasurer in common. For convenience this group is termed
the Church Extension Boards.

These societies and especially the Home Missionary Society
are closely I'elated to the State Conferences. Nineteen such
conferences are self-administering in their home missionary
work, but are constituent units of the National Society, work-
ing under definite agreement with the central organization,
particularly in the matter of division of receipts. In the
remainder of the country Home Missionary work is admin-
istered from the national office, but with the vital co-opera-
tion in most states of well organized bodies whose universal
practice is to elect as superintendent the incumbent in that
office of the Home Missionary Society. Furthermore, in a
score and a half of the larger cities there are local organiza-
tions through which both state and national bodies function.
The statistical reports incorporate the figures of all of these
agencies in the totals.

An Epochal Biennium
This report covers the period in which America took part in

288 CONGREGATIONALi HOME MISSIONARY SOCIETY

the world war. Doubtless this has been the most significant
epoch making period thus far recorded in history. In it
America played the important part of furnishing the deciding
factors of the struggle. Did Home Missions have any part to
play in this service, and if so what part?

Insignificant indeed would be the part of Home Missions
if it were confined to the immediate participation of men and
women in the employ of missionary societies. They did do
their part and right nobly. But the contribution of Home
Missions to the conflict began a century ago, when forces were
set at work which have been increasingly active ever since and
which have been making men who were not found ^^^anting in
the great test. The America of which we are proud is the
product of home missionar}^ effort.

Financial Showing

Probably a much better showing would have been made in
' the Treasurer 's reports if it had not been for the war. Never-
theless, the concerted efforts of the denominational forces in
this Tercentenary period have made it possible to make this
the best financial showing of any biennium in the history of
the Society:

1915-'17 1917-'19 Increase
Receipts of National, State and

City Societies $1,323,339 $1,356,130 $32,791

National Society Funds 1,122,489 1.360,740 238,251

Total R(;ceipts from beginning.. 29,346.051 30,702,181 1,356,130

National Legacy Equalization Fund 99,796 133,416 33.620

Total increase for current uses (adding first and last)' 66,411

No tabulation has been made of invested funds held by
state and city societies; these just about duplicate those of
the National Society as shown above. The Legacy Equaliza-
tion Fund is used to stabilize the varying receipts from leg-
acies and conditional gifts which may be very large in one
year and ver}^ small in another.

It is the polic}" of the administration to avoid debts. For
the first time in eight years a small deficit was shown on
closing the books for the year March 31, 1918, but this was
removed during the succeeding twelve months and a small
balance was shown in the national treasury at the close of the
last fiscal year. A few of the constituent States, however,
report debts, which they are endeavoring to remove.

congregational home missionary society 289

Spiritual Showing
The war called not a few home missionaries into the ranks
of service ; lay workers on the field went in large numbers as
did the young men in all the parishes. Not a few stations
suspended activities. Others merged their work with other
denominations temporarily or permanently. In the autumn
of 1918 Spanish Influenza closed the churches in a large part
of the country for weeks and months, taking hundreds of
thousands of victims and calling for the undivided attention
of missionaries. These two causes account for the apparent
falling off in the effectiveness of home missionary endeavor.
The important services rendered in war work and epidemic
relief cannot be tabulated; if they could be the following
tables would look different.

191.5-'17 1917-19 Loss

Number of missionaries at end of biennium 1,727 1,696 31
Churches and mission stations at end of

biennium 2,423 2,054 369

Of these foreign spealiing (22 languages). 469 359 110

Members at end calendar year 103.839 92,292 11,.547

Additions 28,751 22.132 6,619

Additions on confession 18,431 13,994 4,437

New churches organized 138 83 55

Churches coming to self-support 106 307 1 more

Churches built 118 90 28

Parsonages built 62 35 27

The membership and the accessions are reported on the
calendar year. It should be observed that since Januarj^ 1
there has been a decided recover}^ in the item of additions to
membership. Both the falling off and the recovery in mis-
sionary churches are paralleled in the denomination as a
whole and were to be expected. Church and parsonage build-
ing has been done uniformly with the co-operation of the
Building Society. Patriotic considerations alone would ac-
count for the falling off in the number of buildings con-
structed.

The Developing Home Missionary Task
In an unimportant sense the frontier is' gone. It is easier
to get to any place in America than it once was. But in an
important sense the frontier is greater than ever; there are
more people living where the gospel must be taken to them if
they are to hear it than there were when the railway left
much of our territory' untouched.

290 CONGREGATIONAL HOME MISSIONARY SOCIETY

There is a New West. Most of the western half of the
United States is but sparsely settled. The railway, telegraph,
telephone, and especially the automobile, have removed most
of the remoteness from any given community. At the same
time these and other modern conveniences have taken the
suffering out of pioneering and everywhere in the great West
little communities are springing up, some to die, others to
become great, and still others to remain small. Here churches
must be organized, manned and maintained if the people are
to be constrained with the gospel.

There is a New East. Likewise, though dissimilarly, there
is newness in the older East. Village and rural life have
completely changed in the present generation. With the
coming of new populations of diverse religious ideas and
ideals, the removal of large sections of the old population
and the changed conditions of life for those who remain, the
rural and village church of New England and the Middle
West can be maintained in strength only by the assistance
which the missionary society secures from other quarters.

There is a New South, and Congregationalism has a mis-
sion to perform in the most democratic and most American
part of the country. People from the North are moving to
the South and immigration from Europe is beginning to find
its way thither. Industrialism is making inroads on the
land of plantations. Big cities are springing up. Moreover
there are questions of brotherhood that are broader than the
race question, on which the message of the modern Pilgrim
should be blended with that of other fellowships.

The growing City introduces the need of the new com-
munity which will have a church adequate to its need only if
help is available from without. There is also the problem of
the city in the slum district, the industrial section, the foreign
quarter and the downtown population. This field grows ever
larger.

The distinctly Rvral Fields present new conditions calling
for special treatment. If the church is to match the service
of the state in the development of rural life there must be a
greatly enriched missionary service to the open country in
both the old and the new parts of the land.

The leavening of New Americans with the spiritual ideals

CONGREGATIONAL HOME MISSIONARY SOCIETY 291

of our finest traditions is doubtless the outstanding task of
home missions in the present day. Thus far little has been
done beyond the simplest provision of more or less routine
church life. Here the Church is challenged to furnish the
compelling program that shall spiritualize this great lump and
turn possible calamity into blessing to America and the world.

But the home missionary task is a broadening one when the
range of service is considered. In the several States — all but
two of the self-administering ones — the conference form of
home missionary organization blends the entire task of ad-
vancing the fellowship of the churches with that of home mis-
sions. The same situation is approached in the missionary
districts, and in not a few particulars the national fellow-
ship is furthered as a regular part of the work of the home
missionary force. For example there now centers in the mid-
winter conference of the Societ}" and in meetings grouped
about it many of the most practical movements of the de-
nomination. At the conference of 1918 the Every-Member
Drive was inaugurated and at that of 1919 the Tercentenary
Evangelistic Campaign was set in motion. In carrjdng out
both of these campaigns the home missionary force, both
national and state, rendered fundamental service and money
was invested in making these movements successful.

The effort to increase ministers' salaries was initiated by
the Society; valuable co-operation has been afforded the Pil-
grim jMemorial Fund, the offices of the state and national field
force do large service as ministerial supply bureaus and in
securing recruits for the ministry- and missionars^ service.

The future will doubtless see the Society serving the
churches in constantly broadening fields, and the home mis-
sionary task grows ever larger.

Church Unity and Co-operation

The most frequent question concerning the value of home
missions relates to the possibility that there is competition
between the several active denominations on the field. Realiz-
ing the danger the administration of the Congregational
Home Missionary Society is constantly giving the most earn-
est attention to this possibility. As a matter of fact there is
very little of such waste in purely missionary projects and

292 CONGREGATIONAL HOME MISSIONARY SOCIETY

most gratifying progress is being made in eliminating what
appears, and even more, in removing what has developed in
non-missionary parishes. In Vermont, for example, in a
period of about two years, some thirty towns where there was
more than one church have been led by the home missionary
superintendents of the several denominations to get together
in unified ministr}^ to their communities with most satisfac-
tory results, including increased salaries, larger contribu-
tions from the people, larger aggregate audiences and more
adequate equipment and community programs. This policy
of exchanging fields for the sake of unifying communities is
the general plan of the Society and is coming to be recog-
nized by other denominations as sane, economical and Chris-
tian.

Under the lead of the Home IMissions Council much is
being done to eliminate competition and to foster mutual
understanding and Christian co-operation. An outstanding
instance of this is the Every-Community Service Endeavor
in Montana, in which nine denominations working in the state
got their state and national administrators together for the
purpose of agreeing upon a plan under which some denomi-
nation should assume responsibility for each community in
the State, however small, guaranteeing adequate religious
ministry to that community. Three weeks were spent in the
.state, and with the finest spirit of mutual regard and con-
fidence the entire state was allocated to the different home
mission agencies. Another case in point is Alaska, where
all the churches receive home mission aid. In this case all
the denominations having work in Alaska have instituted
"The Associated Churches of Alaska," with a central com-
mittee charged with the function of unifying the work in
the entire territory for whites, Indians and Esquimos. Simi-
larly, four denominations, Presbyterian, Methodist, Baptist
and Congregational, have arranged for common approach to
the lumbermen of the Northwest, where radical sentiment
runs rampant and where sane religious service is desperately
needed.

In these and other endeavors to unify the efforts of the
evangelical churches the Congregational Home Missionary
Society takes active, yes, leading part.

CONGREGATION^ HOME MISSIONARY SOCIETY 29S

The g-reat needs of the Society are for more adequately
endowed and equipped men and sufficient money for doing
thoroughgoing work. Too often missionary enterprises have
had to go oil the supposition that beggars cannot be choosers,
and get along with pitiably inadequate equipment and be
served by wliomever inadequate equipment and insufficient
support could command. In these days of high cost of living
and working and of success attending only outstanding en-
deavors, there is crying need for manning and underwriting
the home missionary enterprise in a way commensurate with
the size of the task and the ideas of the age.

REPORT OF THE AMERICAN MISSIONARY
ASSOCIATION.

The American Missionary Association closes its seventy-
third year with the announcement that it has been on the
whole the most successful in its history, — in spite of many
obstacles which were presented by war and influenza. Our
receipts have been larger and, barring- certain difficulties, our
work has been more productive.

Shortage of funds and of teachers has alone required the
closing or suspension of certain schools this year.

A further increase in the salaries of workers has been found
imperative. The increase has not nearly kept pace M-ith the ad-
vancing cost of living. The classes of workers receiving the
lowest salaries have had an advance for the new year of
twenty-five per cent., other classes of fifteen per cent., and
practically all salaries have been advanced at least ten per
cent.

The seriously run-down condition of numerous plants now
in faithful use for twenty, thirty and forty years, compels a
definite policy of rehabilitation. It has been estimated that
$300,000 would be the least sum necessary to put even the
present plants in proper repair. When it is realized that
many of the present buildings need to be supplanted by new
structures, the estimate must run much higher still.

Plans for the larger development of several schools have
at least been sketched, notably those for Emerson at Mobile,
Alabama ; Knox at Athens, Georgia ; Avery at Charleston,
South Carolina. It is manifest that in the case of such schools
the institution must soon be discontinued under American
Missionarj^ Association auspices, or else a radical transforma-
tion must be effected, involving large expenditure.

american missionary association '295

The Southern Educational Work

1917-18. 1918-19

Schools Negro White Negro White

Theological 2 . . 2

College 5 1 5 1

Secondary 22 4 21 4

Elementary 4 .. 5 1

Affiliated 1 1 1 1

34 6 34 7

Pupils Negro White Negro White

Theological 151 . . 176

College 341 104 351 97

Secondary 3,249 657 3.049 539

Elementary 4.337 393 4,624 300

Special 389 34 114

Night 587 . . 73

Total 9,054 1.188 8.387 936

Boarders 1,386 237 1,596 469

The demoralizing effect upon the educational program of the
enormous turn-over in the teaching force has continued to
deepen the anxiety of those engaged in the administration.
At the beginning of the 3'ear 1918-19, more than two hundred
vacancies were to be filled. The number was even greater at
the beginning of the j^ear 1919-20. This is a startling phe-
nomenon when it is recorded that during certain preceding
years the changes did not run above forty. It is earnestly
hoped that with a marked increase in salaries and more settled
conditions throughout the country this menace to thorough
and efficient work shall be removed.

The thrilling advance in public education in the State of
Louisiana has imposed peculiar responsibility upon Straight
College. The public authorities have called during the sum-
mer of 1919-20 for one thousand additional Negro teachers.
An important institute was held under these auspices in the
college plant during the summer and the utmost supply of
trained teachers which Straight can turn out will be forthwith
absorbed in desirable positions by the public school system.

By vote of the Executive Committee the work at Grandview
and Pleasant Hill has been consolidated for the year 1919-20.
The choice of Pleasant Hill was made in view of its location
where the mountain young people can be effectively reached.
The Grandview plant is being utilized as noted above for a
school maintained largely under local auspices. The superior

296 AMEEICAN MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION

opportunities for service to the mountaineers at Pleasant Hill
are marked under every consideration. It is in a region from
whence the war has drawn heroes. The home of Sergeant
York is not far distant, and during recent j^ears two of the
students in attendance have borne his family name.

Missions for Spanish-Speaking Peoples

New Mexico, Texas and Florida.

Schools, Elementary and Secondary 7

Pupils 404

Boarders (Rio Grande Industrial School) 35

Financial and other strain has led to readjustments on the

New Mexico tield. The program at the Rio Grande School,

Albuquerque, has been maintained throughout the year, though

with a reduced enrollment of students. Here, as at so many

other points, it has been difficult to maintain a full teaching

force. After careful weighing of the conditions, the Executive

Committee has decided to suspend the active program at Rio

Grande during the year 1919-20, pending increase in resources

and the findings of a group of mission board representatives

who have been expressly appointed by their administrative

bodies to establish more efficient relations between the four

mission boarding schools now located at Albuquerque.

Utah

Schools, Secondary 2, Elemetary 3 — ."5

Secondary Pupils 110

Elementary Pupils 266

Special 4

880
The present year is the last during which the community
work at the three stations of Lehi, Bountiful and Heber is
maintained under American Missionary Association auspices.
These are essentially parish enterprises, and the equities and
responsibilities are, as the year closes, being transferred to
the state Congregational organization and The Congregational
Home Missionary Society.

At Provo and Vernal two secondary schools are maintained
and are provided for in the American Missionary Association
budget of 1919-20. Secretary Cady paid a visit to this field
during the year, met in conference leaders in the state and

AMERICAN MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION 297

from the communities concerned and presented to the Execu-
tive Committee a strong recommendation that these schools
be continued and their program strengthened. The traditions
of the Procter Academy at Provo are a valuable asset and
promise large fruits from future cultivation. The Willcox
Academy at Vernal stands at the head of one of the richest
vallej's recently opened to intensive development. Increased
resources, when they are available, promise a useful and large
future for these schools.

Indian Missions

Progressive changes in the Indian country of the Northwest
profoundly affect the status and program of the Santee school.
This important educational enterprise was located wisely in the
pioneer days. It stands on a commanding site at a bend of the
Missouri River. The Agency of the federal government, ad-
ministering affairs over a wide area, has been stationed here
for more than two generations. Now this Agency is being
closed. The community was even threatened this year with
the loss of the phj^sician. The lines of rail transportation
leave Santee on one side and the river has long since ceased
to be a commercial highway.

Santee has served as the literary, spiritual and cultural
center of the Dakota people. Here is the printing press, and
from it have "been issued the two periodicals in the Dakota
language. The workers at Santee inherit the prestige and
responsibility of those remarkable pioneers who reduced the
Dakota language to writing and have built up its literature.
The situation is unique in the history of the American Indian.
The language of a few other tribes has been reduced to writ-
ing, but none of them today boasts so large or so creditable a
literature. Yet the Dakota people, like other Indian groups,
are merging in the common civilization of the United States.

The Oriental Work.
The work being done among the Orientals upon our coast is
one whose importance, from the standpoint of future results, is
out of all proportion to its size. The Chinese have been min-
istered to for many years and there has grown up a splendid
class of young men. One addresses more young men in an

298 AMERICAN MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION

average Chinese mission than in most of our Eastern churches.
The Chinese are returning to China in large numbers and it
is exceedingly important that when they go back they become
Christianizing centers. By the stream that runs to and fro
our missions on the coast have contributed hundreds of Chris-
tians to the Chinese life.

The Japanese question is just now full of peril on account
of the new tide of race prejudice which seems to be rising
everywhere in our land. The fear of the Oriental is not un-
founded if he is to remain Oriental, but if Americanized and
Christianized the Japanese will make just as strong and fine
citizens as any who come to our eastern shores. The work
done now is utterly inadequate. Eight thousand Japanese in
the Utah and Idaho basin are now ministered to by one mis-
sionary at a single mission. The Japanese mission at Los
Angeles is meeting in a store room unfit and undignified.
We owe it to these people that a new building be provided for
the housing of the most interesting work that is being done in
the city. Twenty-five thousand dollars should somewhere
be raised for this purpose. "We must attack this problem with
a more aggressive program, one commensurate with the im-
portance of the work among a race that has in it most mar-
vellous strength for American citizenship if it can be Chris-
tianized.

Hawaii

The Hawaiian Islands are just celebrating the one hun-
dredth anniversary of the coming of the first missionaries, who
left Boston in October, 1819, and landed in Hawaii in April,
1820. These hundred years have been full of miraculous mis-
sionary fruitage. After the American Board had ceased its
work there, it was taken over by the Hawaiian Board and con-
nected with the mainland churches through The American
Missionary Association.

The problem confronting the Hawaiian Board is one of the
most interesting and challenging that is to be found under
the flag. The whole situation has changed within the last few
years, because of the slow dying out of the Hawaiian race and
the incoming of the Orientals. There are today in the Islands
5,000 Koreans, 20,000 Filipinos, 22,000 Chinese, and 110,000

AMERICAN MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION 299

Japanese. The Hawaiian Board is attacking this problem of
the foreigner Avith the ntmost enthnsiasm. The question of the
Christianization and Americanization of these Orientals is
one in which the mainhmd is tremendously concerned.

Inside of twenty years enough Japanese have been born un-
der the flag to control the vote of the Islands. Will this vote
be Buddhist and therefore Japanese, or will it be Christian
and therefore American? The Buddhists have seventy-eight
temples in the islands, thoroughly manned with Buddhist
priests and Buddhist teachers imported from Japan. Over
against this Japanizing influence is placed the public school
and the Christian churches. The coming generation of voters
must be reached now, or it will be too late. The American
]\Iissionary Association is represented in this field by an an-
nual grant of $4,000. This sum should be very largely in-
creased, that we may save this strategic center for Christianity
and America.

The South : Churches and Evangelism
Our Southern churches are increasingly co-operating in the
national denominational program. The Every Member Can-
vass has proved an effective means toward the ends of larger
local responsibility for church life and support. After an
extended trip of visitation among Southern churches, both
colored and white, Secretary W. W. Scudder reported that
our group of churches had put the Every Member Canvass
plan through as efficiently as any churches in the country.
This achievement has meant an increase in the scale of sal-
aries though by no means matching the increase in cost of liv-
ing. Benevolences have been largely augmented in all state
groups. In Louisiana the benevolences of the churches have
been doubled during the past year. The Alabama churches
will raise $900. The churches of North Carolina have raised
their full apportionment of $1200, as against $1000 a year
ago. Nearly two-thirds of the $15,000 apportioned the
churches for the Pilgrim ^Memorial Fund has been pledged.

As for the three years past the Northern emigration has
made serious inroads on our Southern groups. With the
Association continuance of a policy of work only for the

300 AMERICAN MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION

South there has been no adequate provision made as yet for
Congregationalists meeting their just share for missionary and
church work in rapidly augmented Negro sections in Northern
centres. The Association has recently appointed Rev. Eugene
A. Hamilton for church and missionary work in St. Louis,
Missouri. Mr. Hamilton has rendered valuable service to the
Association in years past and comes back into church work
after invaluable service as chaplain and Y. M. C. A. worker
in home camps. A group of Congregationalists from Southern
cities, including a considerable number from our Montgomery
church, have organized a Congregational church in Detroit.
Their meeting place is in the chapel of the First church
of Detroit and their pastor, Rev. William Speights, recom-
mended but not supported by the Association, was graduated
last June from the Union Theological College of Chicago.

Expenditures in Plant ]Maintenance and Upkeep

Repairs and upkeep $11,768.11

New buildings 31,793.75

Installation of utilities 9,499.26

Equipment 3.338.32

$59,399.44

Proper consideration of the above figures can only be given
after the following facts are known. First, only money which
passes through the American Missionary Association treasury
is accounted for, the income from the local and outside sources
not being considered. Second, these figures do not represent
all the money from the Association treasury which has been
applied toward these ends, but only special funds and appro-
priations over and above the regular school and church budgets.

The past year has been a trying one. Excessive costs of
material and labor have made all expenditures but those of
prime immediate necessity unwise. Labor has been scarce
as well as high, hampered transportation has delayed deliveries
of material, reconsideration of program has delayed certain
work while advancing other details. In the early part of the
3'ear wartime embargoes made building of any sort impossible.

It is the aim of the Association to bring its plants to mod-
ern standards, and while limited resources prevent a wholesale
rehabilitation this end is being advanced each dav. Old build-

AMERICAN MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION 301

ings are altered that they may serve more efficiently until the
day for replacement, steam heating plants, electric light plants,
water and sanitation systems are being added to the equipment
of the schools as fast as possible. These latter are listed in the
foregoing statement as "Installation of Utilities."

The matter of general repair is one which occupies consid-
erable thought and effort on the part of those responsible for
the property both locally and in New York and much can be
shown as a result of the effort. But it is in the curtailment of
repair woriv that the limited resources are most keenly felt and
the mind finds relief in visions of the possibilities were the
available monej^ more nearly suffiqient. The item of equip-
ment is largely met by special donation. Complete furnish-
ings are being thus supplied for the new Saluda buildings,
thereby allowing them to function completely from the start.

The past year has seen more accomplished than the above
report would indicate, for a new activity toward rehabilita-
tion has been awakened and extensive plans for the coming
year have been prepared. This is a critical period for our
American Missionary Association schools; to hold their proud
place in the field of Christian education they must advance
with the times. Strong support is needed to equip them
suitably for the proper discharge of their duties. With this
aim in view the Association carries on with all determination
into the new year.

Financial

We close the fiscal year 1918-1919 with a credit balance of
$3,270.20.

The total receipts for current work, exclusive of the Hand
and Pierce Funds reported separately, but including a credit
balance from last year of $1,680.96, were $644,638.17, and
the payments $641,367.97.

The following table shows the current receipts and expendi-
tures of the year compared with those of the fiscal year 1917-
1918:

302 AMERICAN MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION

Keceipts and Expenditures, Twelve Months, prom October
1 TO September 30

12 Months 12 Months
Receipts 1917-18 1918-19 Increase Decrease

°*Fro*m "churches $118,191.27 $124,421.90 $6,230.63

From S S ■ 9,790.07 10,583.74 793. 6<

Fioin Y P S'C E . 1,661.21 1,175.99 $485.22

From W MS ....... 41768.81 39,281.12 2,487.69

From Other Societies 93.50 155.95 62.45

Total from Churches, „,.,„„,

etc $171,504.86 $175,618.70 $4,113.84

From Individuals 84,187.01 114,023.12 29,836.11

Total $255,691.87 $289,641.82 $33,949.95

^7o" S ""''■ ^"'': 10.000.00 16,785.00 6.785.00

^"t^r Flsk'^'' '''''^■' .... 12.500.00 12,500.00
Conditional Gifts Released. 67,550.02 0,966.66 $60,583.36

Total Donations .$333,241.89 $325,893.48 H'^iHl

Legacies 83,133.55 79,331.59 3,801.96

Total $416,375.44 $405,225.07 $11,150.37

Income 128,537.50 144,568.88 16,031.38

Tuition 85.531.68 88.613.26 3,081.58

Slater Fund 4,550.00 4.550.00

Total Receipts $634,994.62 $642,957.21 $7,962.59

Expenditures ~. 599,886.07 641,367.97 41,481.90

Cr. Balance on the year... $35,108.55 $1,589.24
Cr. Balance on previous year 1,680.96

Dr. Balance on previous year 33,427.59

Cr. Balance September 30. . $1,680.96 $3,270.20

From the above the following increases and decreases in re-
ceipts will be noted.

The total amount received from Churches and affiliated or-
ganizations, including Women's Societies, was $175,618.70, an
increase of $4,113.84 over the previous year, the Churches,
Sunday Schools and small societies showing gains of $6,230.63,
$793.67 and $62.45, respectively, while the Y. P. S. C. E. shows
a loss of $485.22, and the Women's Societies of $2,487.69.

Gifts from Individuals increased $29,836.11, being $114,-
023.12. Of this amount $104,367.82 was contributed direct to
our institutions, including Fisk University and Piedmont Col-
lege, and could not be applied upon the annual budget of the
Association.

The gifts to Fisk University of $16,785 from the General
Education Board and the $12,500 from the Carnegie Corpora-
tion are also outside of our budget.

Income account shows a total of $144,568.88, an increase of
$16,031.38 over the past year representing additional Endow-

AMERICAN MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION 303

ment Funds and a satisfactory interest rate — the rate of in-
come return upon our School and General Endowment Funds
being .054.

The receipts from tuition show a further gain of $3,081.58
over those of a year ago, when they were considered as re-
markable— the present figures being $88,613.26, which is more
than half the total amount received from all of our churches
and all of their affiliated organizations, including the Women 's
Societies.

The amount released from the Conditional Gift Fund was
$6,966.66, as against $67,550.02 the previous year when the
Mary J. Barnard gift became available.

$79,331.59 of the receipts from legacies were used on ac-
count of the current year's expenses, and the Committee has
passed $86,144.83 to the Reserve Legacy Accounts for use dur-
ing the fiscal years 1919-1920 and 1920-1921, following the
usual custom regarding legacies from one thousand to twenty-
five thousand dollars by which only one-third of the amount
received from such legacies is used upon the current year and
the remaining two-thirds is credited in equal amounts to the
Reserve Legacy Funds for use in the two succeeding years.

The amount now standing to the credit of Reserve Legacies
is as follows :

For current work of 1919-1920 $65,551.55

For current work of 1920-1921 43,072.42

The amounts received from Matured Conditional Gifts are
treated in the same way, and the reserve funds so accumulated
are:

For current work of 1919-1920 $6,150.00

For current work of 1920-1921 4,416.67

An analysis of the payments of $641,367.97, showing com-
parisons with those of the previous year, is as follows :

For Missions, $545,714.14, an increase of $22,717.22, which
is due to increases in salaries and to expenditures on building
and repair accounts. The following new buildings have been
purchased or constructed during the past year in part from
the above total:

304 AMEKICAN MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION

Teachers' Home, Straight College, New Orleans, La.

Teachers' Home, Burrell Normal School, Florence, Ala.

Barnard Hall, Saluda Seminary, Saluda, N. C.

Boys' Dormitory, Saluda Seminary, Saluda, N. C.

School and Church, Peabody Academy, Troy, N. C.

The Payments for publications are $12,361.98, an increase
of $3,203.41.

Agencies and Co-operative Activities, $25,575.12,' a decrease
of $957.04.

Administration, $42,192.35, an increase of $5,860.42, which
is due to increases of salaries and travelling expenses.

War Service, $1,881.87, a new expenditure.

Sundry Expenses, covering the salary of the Honorary
Secretary, Annual Meeting Expenses and Expenses relating
to Wills and Estates, $3,642.51, a decrease of $1,223.98.

In the above total of payments there is also included $10,-
000.00, which has been credited by the Executive Committee
to a Sinking Fund to stabilize investments.

During the year the following amounts have been received

for Endowment Funds :

Strong Memorial Fund (additional) $8,207.17

Thomas S. Johnson Fund 40,000.00

Julia A. Merrill Endowment Fund 1,500.00

Timothy Smith Endowment Fund 2.500.00

Talladega College Endowment ( additional ) 1,000.00

$53,207.17
The Daniel Hand Income Account showed a credit balance

October 1, 1918, of $2,434.90.

The income for the year has been $71,951.26, and there has
been expended $67,915.57, leaving a balance on hand to the
credit of this account on September 30, 1919, of $6,470.59.

The Edwin Milman Pierce Fund Income Account had a
balance on hand October 1, 1918, of $1,934.89.

The income for the year has been $6,280, and the amount
paid out $4,196.12, leaving a balance on hand September 30,
1919, of $4,018.77.

AMERICAN MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION 305

The Income for special objects not in current receipts was:
Income for African Missions, paid to the A. B. C. F. M. . . $4,291.91

Income for Berea College 246.87

Income for Atlanta University 543.11

$5,081.89
The Summary of Receipts for the years is as follows :

For Current Work— General Receipts $642,957.21

Daniel Hand Fund Income 71,951.26

The Edwin iNIilman Pierce Fund Income 6,280.00

$721,188.47

Income not in Current Receipts 5,081.89

Sundry Endowment Funds $.53,207.17

Daniel Hand Fund (additional) 222.75 .53,429.92

Making the total receipts for the year $779,700.28

It is hardly necessary to say that The American Missionary
Association is confronted by the most challenging hour since
its birth. It sprang out of the challenge of a small band of
friendless slaves shipwrecked on the Long Island shore some
eighty years ago. Then it was that the fathers of this Asso-
ciation arose to become their champions and defenders.

From that day to this we have stood for equal rights, politi-
cal, religious and industrial, for all men upon the common
ground of manhood. AVe have stood for every upward hope
and instinct that has made for human advancement. We have
steadily resisted the threatening tides of race prejudice.

In the early days, when it was claimed that the Negro had
neither mind nor soul, our teachers faced shot, rope, lash
and faggot, for the cause of Negro education. We can take no
lower ground toda3^ As we witness this recrudescence of race
prejudices, race hatred, and race discrimination in its fiercest
and most passionate forms, as we see black men and women
mobbed on the main streets of our cities in the North as well
as the South, and Ij-nching more prevalent than at any period
since the day of emancipation, it becomes our historic duty in
the name of humanity and Christianity most solemnly to pro-
test against such enormities. It is also our historic duty to
take up with new emphasis and a burning zeal a constructive
program for the remedy of these vast evils.

There can be no doubt that the Association's program of
Christian education is the one adequate reply to the challenge
of race prejudice. We believe that the only way out is to fit
the Negro for citizenship; for a citizen of our republic he is

306 AMERICAN MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION

and will be for many a day to come. We must live with him
and he must be fitted to live with us. The difficulties he pre-
sents to the nation are difficulties born of immaturity and ig-
norance. Whatever fits the Italian, the Polish or the white
American boy for good citizenship will also fit the Negro
boy.

We solemnl}^ warn one and all that what is said to have
happened in Arkansas is due to happen in many other places.
The great benighted masses of the colored people, uneducated,
inexperienced, less able than even the Russians to think for
themselves, sore to the very marrow with an accumulated
sense of injustice, proud of what their boys have done in the
world war, discriminated against in France as well as on these
shores, finding their very uniform no barrier to the rope and
the stake in the hands of white mobs — these have become
fertile fields for social discontent and possible revolution. Jus-
tice administered through legal processes and education im-
partially bestowed will alone make such things impossible. We
believe that the war and what has followed it, even more
terrible because so shameful, has uncovered the damning ig-
norance in which these neglected, unfortunate folks have been
suffered to seethe, and that, to quote Dean Moore of Howard
University, "We must resolve never again to be caught with
so great an amount of ignorance on our hands."

EEPORT OF THE CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH
BUILDING SOCIETY

Once more we are glad to report the most prosperous
bienniiim in the history of the Church Building- Society. In
spite of embarrassments which the great world-war brought
to many of our churches, the receipts of this Society in the
last two fiscal years exceeded those of any previous biennium.
The year 1918 was our banner year, and the total brought
into our Treasury in two years was $608,030.37.

Of this amount $73,844.48 went to increase our Church
Loan Fund from legacies and conditional gifts, and $18,705.25
went to increase our Parsonage Loan Fund from gifts speci-
fically made for that purj^ose.

Our Grant Fund was aided not only by contributions from
churches and their affiliated societies, but by $15,582.65 re-
ceived from the repayment of our former grants, and $42,-
523.58 received from the sale of abandoned churches.

The contributions of churches and their affiliated societies
were nearly $200,000 ($199,111.36). The repaid installments
of loans were a little more than $200,000 ($202,928.24).
About one-fourth of this amount ($47,070.54) were repay-
ments of parsonage loans ; a. little more than three-fourths
($155,857.70) were repayments of church loans. The income
from interest amounted to $46,358.14, and miscellaneous
sources gave the balance of the receipts.

It is encouraging to note that the contributions of churches
and their affiliated societies in this latest biennium exceed
those of the previous two years ($143,301.01) by more than
$35,000. But they are still far below the apportionment
mark set many years ago, which should have given us $340,000
from this source.

Distributing the Money

"War conditions brought serious interruption to the churches
in the matter of improving their equipment. The cost of
labor and material increased so greatly that we advised them
to postpone building except where delay would have been
disastrous. Yet in many places they were forced to complete

308 CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH BUILDING SOCIETY

buildings which had been begun, or to erect buildings im-
peratively needed at once.

Many of the churches could not do this without our aid.
So during the two years we helped to complete two hundred
and twenty-seven (227) buildings for church use. Of these,
fifty-four (54) were parsonages, and one hundred and
seventy-three (173) were houses of worship. This brings up
our total record since 1853 to the following: Churches built,
4912 ; parsonages built, 1334 ; or 6246 buildings completed for
church use. Tliis includes, of course, the rebuilding of
churches in some places where the first building was out-
grown, or destroyed by fire or storm.

The wide reach of our aid is seen in the fact our appro-
priations were paid to churches in forty-one States and
Territories. It is interesting to remember that our work is
as broad as the continent; yes, broader, for it extends from
Alaska to Porto Rico, from Maine to Hawaii. In the two
years now reviewed, we helped to build in New England nine
churches and one parsonage; in the Middle Atlantic district
fourteen churches and three parsonages ; in the South twenty-
three churches and nine parsonages ; in the Pacific district
thirty-four churches and twelve parsonages; and in the In-
terior district eighty-seven churches and twenty-nine par-
sonages. This indicates that the great virile Middle West is
forging rapidly ahead in its Congregational development,
while remarkable progress is seen also in the Far West where
the ideals of the Pilgrim Fathers are increasingly appre-
ciated. More than two-thirds of our church building and
more than three-quarters of our parsonage building has been
in these two sections.

Other Phases of Work

The gathering of funds and distributing them as grants and
loans for the completion of new houses of worship and homes
for ministers, however, constitutes only a part of the work
of this Society. It is a rescue station for churches in diffi-
culty. AVhen disaster or distress overtakes a church it is very
apt to appeal to this Society for a helping hand. If a tornado
sweeps through a town wrecking our church, or if lightning
smites it, reducing it to ashes, or if an earthquake breaks it
asunder, or if a church has declined in strength till it is at

CONGREGxVTIONAL CHURCH BUILDING SOCIETY 309

death's door, and a renovation of its equipment will help to
save it, we are apt to hear of it with a cry for aid. These
appeals are constant. A considerable part of the time of the
Executive Committee in its monthly meetings is occupied by
the presentation of these problems and tlie perplexities of
churches which are in peril and are struggling- out into safety.
We are glad to be a life saving station for them, and help
them into good condition for new and larger service.

Sometimes the church is staggering under a debt which
cripples or imperils it. We have done much in the last dec-
ade to help the churches get rid of these burdens. Debt is
an incubus which hinders progress. It discourages pastor
and people. It frightens some away who might become
members ; it diminishes benevolence ; it saps the courage and
prevents aggressive work; it weakens the standing of the
church in the community; it wastes the money of the church
in a perpetual drain of interest. The combined debts of our
Congregational churches amount to nearly four million dol-
lars. On this sum they are paying ' an annual interest of
about a quarter of a million dollars. These debts are a heavy
■drag on our denominational life.

What shall a church do with its debt ? Get rid of it ! It
can if it will. We are glad that the representatives of this
Society have helped to sweep away hundreds of thousands of
dollars of debts in the past ten years, setting the churches
free for the work they ought to do. The gratitude of the
churches thus delivered from the bondage of debt has been
outspoken and gratifying.

Abandoned Churches
During the last ten years 1055 new Congregational churches
have been organized, most of which have been equipped
with church buildings by the aid of this Society in order to
save their lives. During the same period there have dis-
appeared from our rolls no less than 1042 churches. They
may have been needed at first. They may have done a valu-
able work, and the money put into them was wisely expended.
But circumstances beyond their control may have rendered
their continued existence impossible. The community may
have faded away. The constituency for its support may have
vanished. Perhaps the church has been crowded out by

310 CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH BUILDING SOCIETY

others of a different faith or language or race. Such a church
may die to the glory of God as truly as it lived.

Wherever such a church was aided by this Society the
denominational money put into the buildings is recovered
from the proceeds of sale. Sometimes, indeed, there is a loss,
for old church buildings are often of little commercial value
and often will not sell for a quarter of the original cost. But
usually our claim is very nearly met, and, including the con-
tributions during its active life, it often happens that we
recover from an aided church which fails quite as much as
was put into it, so that it is again available for the assistance
of churches elsewhere.

Last year thirty-two such churches in the Interior dis-
appeared, and had their properties disposed of. The salvage
effected by this Society for the denomination amounted to
more than $25,000, during that year.

Protection of Church Building Funds

From the beginning of its work this Society has realized
its obligation to carefully protect from loss the money en-
trusted to its care. More than any other organization it is
regarded as the natural guardian of the property interests of
the denomination. Our more than six thousand churches
have property valued at a sum approximating a hundred mil-
lion dollars. The increase of these tangible assets is not far
from three-quarters of a million dollars each year. The
financial strength of the denomination as indicated by the
real estate in its possession is one of the elements of its
power for usefulness. Money given for this physical equip-
ment is therefore to be carefully safeguarded. It is a sound
ethical principle that money contributed for a particular pur-
pose must be kept sacredly for that purpose; to use it for
something else, even though the object be a worthy one, is a
perversion of funds.

In the early years of this work it was thought sufficient
protection to accept from the trustees of a church an agree-
ment duly signed by them that, in case of the failure of the
church, the grant which it received would be returned to our
treasury. But this method was found to have too many
drawbacks. Trustees die ; memories are short ; communities

CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH BUILDING SOCIETY 311

change; the vicissitudes of a score of years may produce an
entirely new situation. This method seemed too precarious
to be satisfactory.

For nearly half a century, therefore, the more business like
method has been followed of taking a first mortgage upon
the building and the lot on which it stands, and this instru-
ment, duly executed and recorded, gives a protection for the
grant or loan given to the church which never goes out of
date and is never uncertain. A *' grant" mortgage is not of
the nature of a commercial mortgage, since it is not due and
payable so long as the church is a "going concern." The
grant is for the perpetual use of the church so long as it is
doing its work, and fulfilling its obligations. A loan mort-
gage, on the other hand, is paid off by installments, and when
the last one is paid the mortgage is released.

One of the advantages of the mortgage is that it enables a
church to know absolutely whether it owns the land on w^hich
the building stands. If the deed shows that the donor of the
land, or some other party, has a reversionary claim upon the
property so that it reverts to that party if the church dies or
moves, or if the land is "for church purposes only," then the
church is only a tenant, and not the real owner. The deed in
that case is practically a lease. We have assisted many
churches to clear up the title and establish actual ownership
of the property occupied. As we do not believe in "squatter
sovereignty, ' ' the Society requires that a church which it aids
must be actual owner of the land on whicli it builds with
unclouded title.

Additional protection is given to the grant or loan put
into these buildings by insurance for at least the amount of
our aid, the policy to be sent to our Treasurer in accordance
with the usual business custom. We urge churches to carrj-
additional insurance up to eighty per cent of the value, since
churches are peculiarly liable to bum and the destruction is
often complete. Five or six hundred churches burn up every
year according to insurance statistics.

It has been the custom of this Society from the beginning
to protect for the denomination other contributions from
Congregational sources outside of the church receiving our
aid, so that if the work fails and is given up, this money

312 CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH BUILDING SOCIETY

given specifically for church building will be conserved for
the purpose intended. Formerly the amount was included in
the "agreement/' but afterwards in the grant mortgage.
Originally given for the specific purpose of building a house
of worship where the ideals and principles of our Pilgrim
sires should be proclaimed, these are in a peculiar sense trust
funds, and if a church fails which enjoyed the benefit of
them they should be recovered from the wreck and set free
for building elsewhere. This Society has safeguarded many
hundreds of thousands of dollars of such "special" funds,
and when the first beneficiarj- has been obliged to give up
its work, this money has been available for other needy
churches in the time of their building crises. It has been the
custom of the Society to use this money thus recovered to aid
churches in the same city or State when possible. Of late
years where City Unions or State Conferences have become
incorporated and are well equipped to transact financial busi-
ness, this Society has often arranged to have the local organ-
ization undertake the protection of these "specials." It is
clearly of great importance that such denominational funds
should not be lost or imperiled. Indeed it would be well if,
whenever a house of worship is erected, the church would
give to the National Council, or to the State Conference, or
to this Society, such a reversionary claim to its entire prop-
erty that in case of ultimate failure all the equity would be
conserved for use elsewhere.

Americanization

The great world- war has awakened our people to a realiza-
tion of the polyglot character of the population of the Re-
public. We are a conglomerate of many races. The Orient
and Occident have sent their overflow hither to our shores.
This is not a misfortune, but an advantage if we can thor-
oughly Americanize the new-comers so that we may have a
homogeneous people. They must all be familiar with the
language in which the Declaration of Independence and the
Constitution were written. They must be brought to cherish
the ideals of justice, freedom and brotherhood, for which our
Republic stands. They must love this country of their adop-
tion with patriotic devotion.

CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH BUILDING SOCIETY 313

The churches understand that the work of Americanizing
these newcomers is to a large extent their work, and they are
earnestly engaged in the task. This Society is glad to do its
part. By the exhibition of practical fellowship, by making
these strangers in a strange land feel at home in our great
church family, by the touch of sjniipathetic friendliness which
they feel through our aid, by bringing them into alliance with
our great denominational life, we bring them to a keen ap-
preciation of American institutions. Most of the older
people must still use for a time the language in which they
were brought up, and it must for a while be the tongue in
which they worship. But the children and young people
prefer English, and easily master it, and it is used in part of
the church services. Eventually it will be used in all.

For many years we have been aiding these foreign-speaking
churches, many of which have now become well Americanized.
During the two years now under review we helped to build
churches for Armenians, Finns, Germans, Japanese, Nor-
wegians, Swedes, Porto Ricans, and Welsh. We have voted a
generous grant to one Indian Church. While the colored
people of the South are thoroughgoing Americans, they need
our sympathy' and fellowship though differing in race, and. ten
of their churches and parsonages we have helped build. In
these thirty churches the same gospel is preached and the
same songs of praise arise as in the other six thousand Con-
gregational churches.

Parsonages
No part of the work of this Society is more interesting and
appealing than our aid in providing homes for ministers and
their families. During the first thirty years of its history the
Society concentrated its efforts on church building: it had
helped to build only two parsonages up to 1882. But when
Dr. Cobb came to the Secretaryship, fresh from a wide home
missionary experience and observation and keenly alive to the
discomforts and perils of homeless pastors on the frontier, he
began the development of a Parsonage Loan Fund to be used
exclusiveh^ to assist churches in obtaining permanent shelter
for the shepherds of the flock. This fund has grown slowly
by contributions given specifically for this purpose. The an-

314 CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH BUILDING SOCIETY

nual increase from new donations has been usually from five
to ten thousand dollars. But the returned installments of the
loans have been added to the fund, so that there is generally
somewhat more than $20,000 available for use each year.
This has enabled us to build about one parsonage every ten
days in nonnal times. During the last two years the receipts
have been larger than usual, and we have been able to vote
Parsonage Loans to eighty-three (83) churches.

Even yet the importance of the parsonage to the church
life is but faintly appreciated. The failure of the church to
provide a home for the minister is a, frequent cause of a short
pastorate. He is often compelled to live in most unsuitable
quarters. The health and even the life of his dear ones is
sometimes endangered by the cold, unsanitary abode which
they are forced to occupy. A shack, a sod-house, a room over
a stable or a saloon are still occasionally found in new com-
munities as the preacher's home. When conditions are better
and he can rent a decent cottage, he is still at the mercy of a
landlord, and forced to move frequently. One minister re-
cently wrote us of the need of a parsonage because he had
been compelled to move four times during a single year.

A parsonage means comfort for the family, permanence for
the pastorate, self respect for the parish, and strength for the
church life.

Yet, although we have helped to build 1334 parsonages,
more than half our Congregational churches provide no home
for the minister. This is one secret of our weakness for
aggressive work. Our motto is "A good minister for every
church, and a good home for every minister." If that ideal
were reached it would double our power.

But this means that there must be a large increase in our
Parsonage Fund to help equip the more than three thousand
churches with ministers ' homes where now there are none ; and
to assist the hundred new Congregational churches each year
(which ought to be the minimum annual growth of our de-
nomination) with parsonages will call for much larger re-
sources. We cannot now meet the demand except after long
delay.

Developments in the South

We have been gratified to find that more and more there

CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH BUILDING SOCIETY 315

has been given in the South a hearty welcome to the Pilgrim
ideals of Faith, Freedom and Fellowship which our churches
represent. Old suspicions and prejudices are gradually dis-
appearing. Our Evangelical and unsectarian spirit is more
and more recognized. AVithout antagonizing any of our sister
denominations in that region we find many fields where we
are needed.

During the past two years we have assisted in building
twenty-four houses of woi'ship and eleven parsonages in this
great section. Some of these have been "first aid" cases of
unusual interest and importance. While as a rule it is better
and safer for a church to have our grant and loan to pay last
bills, we have not hesitated, when extraordinary circum-
stances required it, to take hold of an enterprise at the be-
ginning. Very interesting examples of this are found in such
important cities as Salisbury and Ashville, N. C. ; Anderson,
S. C. ; Miami Beach, Florida ; Chattanooga, Tennessee ; and
Houston and San Antonio, Texas. We hope to see a fine
development in these important Southern cities.

After- War Needs

While we advised churches to postpone building during the
world-war, we now anticipate a great increase in the demands
made upon our Treasury after conditions have been read-
justed and prices stabilized. There is yet too much unce"r-
tainty and prices are still too high for an immediate rush.
But the time is near when a flood of applications will pour
in upon us, asking us to help the churches get their needed
equipment. Houses of worship, modern Sunday school
buildings, parish houses, community buildings, parsonages
will be needed more than ever and of better quality.

Are we ready for them? Only partialh^ Our monthly
docket carries appeals for more than $200,000, and we usually
have about one tenth of that amount with which to respond
to them. This means that new applications must wait many
months, often more than a year, before they can be considered
and action can be taken. This means anxiety, often distress,
and sometimes danger for the waiting church.

What is the remedy? Nothing else than a large increase
in our Funds. J\Iore than 2400 of our churches had no share

316 CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH BUILDING SOCIETY

in this work last year, sending nothing to aid their struggling
sister churches in their building crises. The contributing
churches sent to us only a little more than half the appor-
tionment. If all the churches would give something, and all
would try to reach the amount recommended by the National
Council, we could do twice as much in the way of grants.

But that would not meet the prospective needs. Our loans
will be called for more than grants, and we ought to have
a million dollars more in our Loan Fund to be able to
promptly answer calls for help. Then the National Council
has repeatedly urged that we create a special First Aid Fund
of a million dollars with which to assist city churches in the
initial stages of their building work, helping to buy the land
and lay the foundation. Undoubtedly this would greatly
promote the development of our Congregational usefulness.

Add to this the increase demanded in our Parsonage Fund,
and the other needs of our growing work to equip the churches
adequately for enlarging usefulness, and we may safely say
that two and a half million dollars ought to be added to our
resources. Perhaps the great Interchurch World Drive will
enable us to get it. We have a closer relation to it than
many suppose. Everything in our denominational work
rests back at last upon the local church ; and the measure of
the strength of the local church is indicated by its physical
equipment.

Team Work

The three societies which constitute the Church Extension
Boards have worked together in happy co-operation during
the biennium. At the last National Council the necessary
changes were made in the Constitution of this Society, making
possible the complete federation of the three branches of kin-
dred work. Each month the same Executive Committee takes
up for consideration and action successively the work of the
Home Missionary, Church Building, and Sunday School Ex-
tension Societies. General Secretary Burton has the leader-
ship and oversight of the three Societies. Treasurer Baker
looks after the financial interests of each. A new Church
Building Secretary, Dr. James Robert Smith, has just come
from successful pastorates in the Middle West to have the
immediate responsibility in this department. Secretary

CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH BUILDING SOCIETY 317

Richards who has carried the burden for more than sixteen
years, will assist him as Associate Secretary. The growing
work makes necessary also an Assistant Treasurer of this
Society, and ]\Iiss Sallie F. Fletcher has been elected to the
position. City Director Royce continues his admirable serv-
ice as joint representative of the three Societies. Rev.
Frederick T. Persons of Bangor Seminary, who has given
much attention to church architecture, has been asked to give
a portion of his time to awaken a deeper interest in our
ministers and churches in this important subject, that our
churches when built may be noble and beautiful as well as
commodious.

Our Field Secretaries, Dr. Leete of New England, and Dr.
Sanderson in the Interior district, have continued their ad-
mirable work with great efficiency. Our Assistant Field Sec-
retary, Mrs. Tainter, has been indefatigable in arousing a
deeper interest in parsonage building, and her efforts have
been fruitful in results. We suffered a great loss at the end
of last year in the death of Rev. H. H. Wikoff, who had been
for twenty-five years the devoted and successful Field Sec-
retary of this Society on the Pacific Coast. His memory will
stimulate us to more earnest effort in the cause which he
loved.

REPORT OF THE CONGREGATIONAL EDUCATION

SOCIETY

The past two years have seen significant developments in
the Education Society. Witliin that time complete adjust-
ments between this Society and the C. S. S. E. S. and the
development of co-operative relationships with the Publishing
Society have been practically consnnnnated. The division of
work and workers gave to the Education Society the matter
of initiating the entire religious education program and seeing
that it is carried to the churches, while the Extension force
is to act as lieutenants in the latter part of this project.

The Society is now organized under five departments, viz. :
The Institutions and Student Life, Social Service, Missionary
Education, Young People's and Field Work Departments.
The Institutions and Student Life Department covers all the
field formerly occupied by the Education Society. It has also
added a number of training schools, taken on the entire re-
ligious program as it relates to work among college and uni-
versity students, and the program for recruiting Christian
leaders. Reports from the Social Service, Missionary Educa-
tion, and Young People's Departments and plans for their
work are incorporated as parts of this report.

The total receipts of the Society for regular appropriation
purposes for the two years ending June 1, 1919, have been
$198,488 as compared with $145,500 for the two years pre-
ceding. In the readjustment the apportionment was increased
from 5}^ to 6^/2 per cent. The results of this increased appor-
tionment, as also some of the results from the Every Mem-
ber Drive, are showing in the increased income which is espe-
cially apparent during the last six months.

Secretary Miles B. Fisher, D. D., began his work as Secre-
tary of the Missionary Education Department immediately
following the last meeting of the Council. He is well qualified
for this important task, having a splendid general religious
education background, a wide acquaintance and a warm inter-

CONGREGATIONAL EDUCATION SOCIETY 319

est in missionary work. Through his untiring efforts the De-
partment is now a real and rapidly growing factor in mis-
sionary education.

Secretary Henry A. Atkinson, D. D., had charge of the work
in the Social Service Department until this last year, when
he was called to be Secretarj^ of the Church Peace Union. The
Society and the denomination are to be congratulated on
securing Rev. Arthur E. Holt, Ph. D., to take that responsible
position. He has a practical grasp of sound educational prin-
ciples, is intimately acquainted ^^'ith rural life problems, is a
keen student of industrial affairs, and is possessed of deep
insight and broad sympathies. By training and by experience
he is well equipped to lead the denomination in its social serv-
ice efforts.

The Young People's Department was created something
over a year ago, and has been steadily gathering data and
formulating plans which it is now ready to bring to the atten-
tion of our churches. The report which is printed in full in
pamphlet form gives certain general conclusions drawn from
the questionnaire, states the principles which should guide in
young people's work, describes present organizations and
efforts among young people with the larger possibilities of
some of these, proposes a federation of these organizations
or groups, with plans for unifying and expanding the work.
Emphasis is placed upon the advisability of a strong Religious
Education Committee in the local church and provision is
made for a counselor, wiio shall advise with the young people
regarding their entire program.

INSTITUTIONS AND STUDENT LIFE DEPARTMENT

Student Aid

The total number of students aided for the year ending
June 1, 1918, was 143. These w^ere distributed as follows:

Theological Seminaries 91

Colleges 30

Union Theological College 17

Congregational Training School 1

"Ward Scholarships 4

143

320 CONGREGATIONAL EDUCATION SOCIETY

Fourteen of these received the aid as a loan, the remainder
as grants. The amount granted on regular scholarships was
$50.00 for each student, and on the Ward Scholarships $40.00
each.

For the year ending June 1, 1919, the total number of
scholarships was 98, distributed as follows:

Theological Seminaries 71

Colleges 12

Union Theological College 11

Ward Scholarships 4

98
The number who received the aid as a loan was six. The
amount of aid granted to each student, both regular and Ward
Scholarships, was $75.00.

The heavy decrease in the number of students aided during
this last year reflects the inroad made upon our theological
schools and even upon our colleges by the war. It is earnestly
hoped tha.t the present year will see a large increase in attend-
ance upon these institutions.

Work Among Students in State Universities

The denomination through this Society is endeavoring to
meet a growing sense of responsibility for its students who
attend tax supported colleges and universities. Other
denominations are increasing their efforts along this line and
the developments in Congregational work have been consider-
able. The proportion of students at these institutions is on
the increase, and the religious forces which have been working
in them, both in the Christian Associations and those of the
local church, need to be supplemented by special church
workers. This movement is recognized and endorsed by
the Christian Associations, and plans for co-operative effort,
and even identity of organization in many of these centers,
have been developed.

These great tax supported schools find it impossible, in
many cases, to do anything in an official way for the students
along religious lines. The possibility of Christian leader-
ship to be obtained from these schools cannot be ignored by
the churches, and there is no more strategic opportunity to

CONGREGATIONAL EDUCATION SOCIETY 321

reach some of the finest young manhood and womanhood of
the country than in these large school centers.

The Society is now helping to maintain work for Congre-
gational students in California, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Michi-
gan, Nebraska, and North Dakota State Universities ; in Iowa,
Kansas, IMiehigan, and New Hampshire State Colleges of Agri-
culture; and in Leland Stanford University. There are a
number of other places where we ought to take up work in
the immediate future and the amount being invested in cen-
ters already occupied should be increased as soon as possible,
to the end that we may secure and hold the most effective
workers.

The Colleges and Academies

During the two years, aid has been given, by direct appro-
priation, to five colleges, five academies, and four training
schools, and to eight schools which have had all or part of
the Society's apportionment for the state in which that insti-
tution is located.

Special two-day conferences were held in twelve Middle-
West colleges for the purpose of co-operating in the Christian
work of the schools and particularly to present the claims of
Christian leadership callings.

These institutions are a large source of our sorely needed
Christian leaders. The increased cost of living has placed
peculiar burdens upon the leaders of these schools, increas-
ing the cost of operation from twenty-five to seventy-five per
cent over pre-wnr expenses. Other denominations are rally-
ing to the needs of their institutions and it is high time Con-
gregationalists came to the help of the splendid group of
schools affiliated with our churches.

MISSIONARY EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

1. The Department of Missionary Education found the
Tercentenary chart left on its doorstep. It was taken in, nur-
tured, and has grown to twice its original size. About 1700
schools are now enrolled, and are carrying forward this minia-
ture educational program involving instruction, interest and

322 CONGREGATIONAL EDUCATION SOCIETY

giving. All boards co-operate freely in preparation of neces-
sary literature.

2. For 1919, Twelve Missionary Topics for Young People's
meetings have been prepared with suggestions for the conduct
of the several meetings and with references to periodicals,
leaflets and boolcs. Similar topics have been chosen for 1920.
From month to month fresh notes are provided in our Con-
gregational periodicals.

3. Twelve monthly missionary topics for the midweek
church meeting have been published and annotated in The
Congregationalist and Advance. A similar series is planned
for 1920.

4. The department has promoted the presentation of Mis-
sionary Education on programs of district associations and
state conferences. As a help to speakers upon such topics,
seven leaflets have been prepared giving grist for seven ad-
dresses on various phases of Missionary Education.

An elective course of thirteen lessons for young people's
classes is nearly completed on ''Our Congregational Mission
Boards, Their History, Work, Great Names and Needs." A
plain statement of facts vitally connected will lead students
into acquaintance with all the boards, will satisfy their reason-
able desire for knowledge and will thus cultivate a proprietary
interest in the boards.

6. The department has outlined a week-day course of relig-
ious education for Primaries and Juniors with particular
regard to social attitudes of obedience, sympathy, helpful-
ness, loyalty, friendship, and giving. With effective co-opera-
tion of the Religious Educational Publications Department
the work is well under way.

7. The Church School of Missions has been commended to
our people in many ways. When for eight consecutive weeks
a church — the whole church — sets aside one evening a week
for mission study, in classes grouped by subjects studied,
and graded by ages — juniors, intermediates, young people,
adults — it is preparing for a new era of intelligence, enthusi-
asm and power.

The department undertakes to pass to writers of Sunday
School lesson notes material coming from the various boards.

CONGREGATIONAL EDUCATION SOCIETY 323

The idea is to furnish illustrative material from the mission
fields at home or abroad.

SOCIAL SERVICE DEPARTMENT

The work of the Social Sei*vice Department for the past
biennium has been chiefly in and through the National Service
Commission created by the last Council. That Commission
asked the Education Society for the release of Secretary
Henry A. Atkinson. The Society was happy to grant this
request, since the work of the Commission was the most signifi-
cant Social Service it was possible to render. However, the
office at 1-i Beacon Street was kept open and some real service
rendered to the churches. '"

The work of the department has been so closely identified
with the National Service Commission that a digest of the
Commission's report is given as a report for the department.

In accordance with the resolutions of the National Coun-
cil, the National Service Commission was created. Offices
were established in New York and the Commission served in
the following ways :

1. Co-operated with other Christian agencies and with the
government in all efforts for the welfare of our soldiers.

2. Organized campaigns in our churches in co-operation
with the government, along the lines of Liberty Loans, Food
Conservation, and to make clear the moral aims of the war.

3. Co-operated with the Wartime Commission of the Fed-
eral Council of Churches, the secretary rendering special
service in this field.

4. "Worked with the Fosdick Commission in its efforts to
keep the army clean and with chaplains and Y. M. C. A.
workers within the camps.

Camp pastors were supplied at three centers.

Part of the cost of four buildings in as many cantonments
(vas provided.

The churches near army camps were assisted for a long
period and a large number in less extensive fashion.

Four negro churches near negro soldier camps were given
substantial aid.

324 CONGREGATIONAL EDUCATION SOCIETY

Our Commission through its secretary rendered peculiarly
valuable service in interpreting to the churches and the coun-
try the moral aims of the war.

The Commission carried on extensive publicity and educa-
tional work using nearly one and one-half million leaflets and
over one hundred thousand letters. Patriotic and Victory
Services for use in the churches were part of this literature.

One of the most important services rendered was in equip-
ment and aid furnished to chaplains. One hundred and seven
Congregational chaplains were appointed and of these
seventy-eight were equipped by the Commission.

The total amount raised for all purposes to August 1, 1919,
was $79,838.76. The total expended was $78,960.77.

In addition to the splendid leadership given by Secretary
Atkinson, Dr. Frank E. Jenkins, president of Piedmont Col-
lege, has given loyal and extended service, even when the
needs of the school were imperative. Mrs. Henry A. Atkinson
has labored constantly, untiringly, and efSciently, handling
the office and looking after all manner of detail. Mrs. Atkin-
son and Dr. Jenkins merit the unstinted gratitude of our
Congregational constituency. Dr. W. W. Leete for New
England and Dr. and Mrs. Edwin S. Bliss in Washington
have also rendered most valuable service.

What remains of the war work will doubtless be carried
on by Secretary Holt through the Social Service Department
of the Education Society.

FIELD WORK DEPARTMENT

This department is under the direct care of the General
Secretary, much of the. detail work being done by Miss Mabel
E. Patten, the Educational Assistant. At the beginning of
the two years which this report is intended to cover, this
department took full charge of the eight field men who were
doing the largest amount of religious education work in their
former connection with the Sunday School and Publishing
Society.

The territory is divided with Rev. Arthur W. Bailey in
charge of all New England except Connecticut; with Rev.
Milton S. Littlefield, D.D., in charge of Connecticiit, New

CONGREGATIONAL EDUCATION SOCIETY 325

York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware, District of Colum-
bia and Maryland.

Rev. Charles L. Fisk has charge of Ohio and the territory
south of the Ohio and east of the Mississippi rivers.

Rev. R. W. Gammon, D.D., is in charge of Michigan, Indi-
ana, Illinois, Missouri, Wisconsin, Minnesota, North and South
Dakota.

Rev. C. G. Murphj', D.D., gives the major portion of his
time to Nebraska, but also has charge of Oldahoma, Arkansas
and Louisiana.

Rev. Fred Grey is secretary for Kansas.

Rev. Franldin J. Estabrook, with headquarters at Denver,
Colo., has Colorado, Montana, Wyoming, Southern Idaho,
Utah, New Llexico and Texas.

Rev. John H. Matthews, with headquarters at Seattle,
Wash., has charge of Washington, Oregon, Northern Idaho.

Miss Sarah E. Bundy, giving part time only, has charge of
Southern California.

Rev. Paul R. Reynolds and ]\Iiss Sallie McDermott are
assistants to Dr. Gammon in the Middle West District.

These secretaries, with the help of Extension Society work-
ers who serA^e as their lieutenants, are the chief force for
carrvdng the entire program of the Education and Publishing
Societies to the churches. It is their business to be acquainted
with all departments of the work and to give our churches
the largest possible aid in the entire religious education
program. In state conferences, district associations, special
religious education institutes, young people's society conven-
tions, summer conferences of various kinds, and as time and
energy permit, in individual churches on Sundays and week-
days, these people are giving the finest type of help and co-
operation to our pastors and churches.

These workers do not usually visit a conference or a church,
give an address and immediately leave for another field or for
home. "V\nierever possible, they have conferences with groups
of workers in local churches, or with the groups and indi-
\nduals at the various gatherings which they attend. In this
conference work it is possible to come into close contact with
the problems which our churches are facing.

It is sufficient indication of the vital value of the service

326 CONGREGATIONAL EDUCATION SOCIETY

which the society is rendering to the churches in this manner
to know that the demands upon the time and the calls for
the service of most of these workers have more than doubled
in the last eighteen months. They cannot begin to fill the
appointments which press upon them.

REPORT OF THE CONGREGATIONAL SUNDAY
SCHOOL EXTENSION SOCIETY

Since the Congregational Sunday School Extension Society
assumed the responsibility of administering Sunday School
Missionary and Extension work, January 1, 1918, and also
during the interim when the field work of the Congrega-
tional Sundaj' School and Publishing Society was directed
from the New York office, the entire oversight of the affairs
of the society was in the hands of the General Secretary, who,
until it was felt best to appoint an associate as Extension
Secretary, cared for all the interests of the work.

When on December 19, 1917, the actual organization of
the Congregational Sunday' School Extension Society took
place, no particular change was made so far as the field
work was concerned. The entire force was re-elected to serve
under the new society, and, pursuant to the action of the
Board, the policy was carried out of placing the superin-
tendence of Sundaj' School work in the hands of the men who
superintend the Home Missionary work. Necessary adjust-
ments were made to harmonize the terms of commissions
of the two organizations, and the entire force was included
under the new working plans. Duplicate reports are made
and filed, separate books kept, and each society makes its
own payments to its commissioned men. But in all field
work there is unity of action and, in consequence, greater
efficiency along all lines of service as well as economy in
finances. Notwithstanding some difficulties that of necessity
had to be faced in connection with reorganization plans, and
with very moderate financial resources, the activities of the
society have gone forward successfully, and the outlook is
encouraging.

There are now on the regular field staff, twelve superin-
tendents and thirty-two field workers. These have led since
the reorganization in the formation of fifty-two new schools
with a total membership of one thousand four hundred and
twenty-seven. During the same period, thirty-one have been

328 REPORT OF SUNDAY SCHOOL EXTENSION SOCIETY

reorganized, with a membership of one thousand eight hun-
dred and' seventy-four. The entire number of mission schools
is two hundred and sixty-two, with a total membership of four
thousand five hundred and fifty-one. A larger number of
schools could have been organized, but only those were
brought into being that could be under the direct supervision
of some pastor, so that the new work might have, not only a
measure of pastoral oversight, but the strength of an estab-
lished church organization behind it.

In addition to actual extension work during 1918, our
field force participated in six hundred and fifty conventions,
institutes and group conferences, thereby helping carry out
the educational program of the denomination.

Grants of literature to needy schools numbered two hun-.
dred and ten for the year, the total value being $1,670.83.
Sixteen of these grants went to schools in Hawaii, eight to
Colored Congregational schools, seven to Porto Rico, two
were for Italian schools, and one for a Slavic school.

Regarding the new alignment of the Sunday School work
with the Home Missionary activities, constant testimony is
borne that it is proving exceedingly effective, and we belieA'e
it will result in more carefully co-ordinated plans and in
the doing of the work that is most needed in the best possible
way. Of the forty-six persons on our list, thirty-five are
joint workers, and the remaining eleven are doing definite
church work.

A growing number of churches supporting mission schools
is reported,' a life membership list is an actual achievement,
and a beginning has been made in connection with invested
funds. The plans for the annual Children's Day service
include increasingly definite and comprehensive features to
meet the needs of the average school and adapted to the
requirements of schools of different types. A questionaire
sent out'with the 1919 Service brought back replies indicat-
ing general satisfaction with it and useful suggestions for
future exercises.

Efforts are being made to reach more largely than ever
before the New Americans in the country, and our special
mission in this direction is evident. The emphasis placed on
evangelism in our Sunday School program meets with in-

REPORT OF SUNDAY SCHOOL EXTENSION SOCIETY 329

creasing favor and proves increasingly helpful. Socially
there is a marked advance in many directions, and as a com-
munity force this organization of children, youth and parents
is assuming a place of recognized power. So, while for recog-
nized causes there has been a falling off in the enrollment of
our Sunday- Schools for 1918, as in other denominations, there
have been forward movements inaugurated and brought to
fruition that have in view the supreme purpose of the devel-
opment of character. Now we are facing, during these recon-
struction days, a great field for the extension of Sunday
School work in places not hitherto reached, and for enlarging
the present enrollment in existing organizations.

The literature of the society is being developed along strong
lines, the endeavor being made to issue that which is con-
crete and inspirational in its character, dealing with actual
experiences in field work in addition to setting forth the
plans and ideals of the society.

Financially we have reason to be encouraged. The total
receipts for the year amounted to $36,202.56, with total ex-
penditures of $32,437.94. On the basis of the National Coun-
cil apportionment of three per cent, the regular income of
the society should reach $60,000. Extra giving from individ-
uals for special work outside the apportionment is to be
expected, but is at present small. Eventually legacies will
add to the income, and adjustments are now being perfected
with the Religious Education Boards for a just share of the
invested funds of the Congregational Sundaj^ School and
Publishing Society in accordance with the action of the
National Council.

The many and increasing calls for service present an open
door of opportunity. The Sunday School Missionary and
Extension work, which under different names and varied
direction has for eighty-six years been supported devotedly
by the interest and gifts of our churches, needs a larger
support than ever before in order that it may do its full
share in ushering in the Kingdom.

REPORT OF CONGREGATIONAL
PUBLISHING SOCIETY

Following the instructions of the National Council two
years ago, the words "Sunday School" have been dropped
from the name of the Society, leaving the official name as in-
dicated above.

The most notable change in the personnel of the Society
has been the coming of Mr. Albert W. Fell as business mana-
ger of The Pilgrim Press. This relieved the general secre-
tary from acting as business manager, and put at the head
of that department a man of wide experience and technical
ability. Further mention of Mr. Fell's coming will be found
in the report of the Business Department.

In conference with the Commission on Missions and the
Sunday School Extension Society, arrangements have been
made whereby the income from permanent funds held by the
society and also such distributable legacies as might from
time to time be received should be used for the purposes indi-
cated by the donors under the charter of the Publishing So-
ciety. Total receipts from income on permanent funds and
from legacies and annuities in the last two years amount to
$16,195.35.

The work of the Publishing Society and that of the Educa-
tion Society is closely correlated. The Congregationalkt and
Advance and the publications of the Religious Education De-
partment have made their columns available for carrying the
message and programs of the various departments of the
Education Society. Thus the work of the Social Service, Mis-
sionary Education, Young People's, Institutions and Student
Life, and Field "Work Departments are brought to the atten-
tion of large numbers of our constituency.

There is close working relationship between the Religious
Education Publications Department and the departments of
the Education Society in the production of all courses of
study, pamphlets and program material put out by the Edu-
cation Society.

CONGREGATIONAL PUBLISHING SOCIETY 331

The Business Department finds in the National and District
Secretaries of the Education Society a splendid publicity and
advertising medium, especially in connection with religious
education books, periodicals and pamphlets, which constitute
the major portion of the Publishing Society's output. This
is of mutual advantage, since these materials are most effec-
tive in advancing the religious education program which the
Education Society seeks to furtter.

The reports for the three departments of the Society follow,
and indicate something of the efforts and developments of
the past two years.

ANNUAL REPORT
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATIONAL PUBLICATIONS

For the Year Ending February- 28, 1918
Sidney A. Weston, Ph.D., Editor

Committee — Hugh Hartshorne

Luther A. Weigle

Eobert Seneca Smith

E. V. Grabill

Stephen A. Norton

Or^'ille A. Petty
The work of the Department of Educational Publications
has been carried on along the lines outlined in the more ex-
tensive report of last year. In the present survey attention
may be called to some of the unusual types of work that have
been undertaken.

Armenian-Syrian Kelief

At a meeting of the Sunday School War Council held in
September, 1916, representing the Sunday schools of evan-
gelical denominations and the International Sunday School
Association, representatives of that body were appointed to
co-operate with the Y. M. C. A., the Food Administration, the
Red Cross, and the American Committee for Armenian and
Syrian Relief for the promotion of these various phases of
war work among the Sunday schools. The editor of this
department was asked to serve with the American Committee
for Armenian and Syrian Relief as Director of Sunday School

332 CONGREGATIONAL PUBLISHING SOCIETY

Relief Work, and tlie Board of Directors of tliis Society
granted him permission to accept the invitation. Plans had
already been started for a Christmas campaign among the
schools, as the Christmas season is an especially appropriate
time for the sending of gifts to sufferers in the land of Christ 's
birth. The preparation of educational material for use in the
schools, and the planning for the promotion of the campaign,
made it necessary for the editor to spend much time during
that part of the 3^ear in New York at the central office of the
relief committee. Considering the late date when the organi-
zation for work was finally completed, we felt a certain degree
of satisfaction with the results of the campaign. The total
returns up to February 28, 1918, showed that $654,006.34
had been contributed by 22,741 schools of 28 denominations
in the United States and Canada. Aside from the inspiration
of the relief work in itself, all those interested in the cam-
paign were conscious of a new spirit of brotherhood as over
thirty denomina,tions entered whole-heartedly into the accom-
plishment of one task.

Conferences

This department has held two important conferences this
year — one on December 31 in Boston when professional
leaders in religious education met with the staff and entered
into a thorough discussion of the department's policy and
program. The other on January 20 in St. Louis, Mo., with
the district secretaries of the Department of Field Work. The
continuation of these two types of conference is essential to
our work, for on the one hand we receive the help of experts
in planning our publications, and on the other hand we are
informed through the field representatives of the problems
confronted in the individual church, of the success of our
material in meeting these problems, and of the needs which
must be met by new material.

A plan of co-operation between the National Council and
this Society for the publishing of educational material has
also been agreed upon. This is a forward step in centralizing
the publishing work of the denomination, and officially recog-
nizes a wider scope for the educational publications of this
Society.

congregational publishing society 333

New Age Groupings

The new age groupings for Sunda}' schools adopted by the
Sunday School Council at its 1917 meeting, have been care-
fully considered by the department this year, and plans made
to rearrange our publications on this basis. These plans ^Yill
go into effect in the fall of the present year. The new group-
ings are as follows :

Beginners" Department — Ages 4, 5
Primary- Department — Ages 6, 7, 8
Junior Department — Ages 9, 10, 11
Intermediate Department — Ages 12, 13, 14
Senior Department — Ages 15, 16, 17
Young People's Department — Ages 18-24
Adult Department — Ages 25 and over

Pilgrim Training Course

The first two units — ten lessons each — of the second year
of the Pilgrim Training Course (New Standard) have been
issued. These are : ' ' The Teaching Values of the Old Testa-
ment," by Prof. A. J. W. Myers, Professor of Religious Edu-
cation at the Hartford School of Religious Pedagogy; and
"The Teaching Values of the New Testament," by Dr. J. ^L
Duncan, Associate Editor Presbyterian Publications of the
Canadian Presbyterian Church. This course is based on out-
lines adopted by the Sunday School Council and approved by
the National Council Commission on Moral and Religious Edu-
cation. The last two units of the second year have been out-
lined as follows: "The Program of Christianity," by Dr.
Frank K. Sanders, Director Board of Missionary Prepara-
tion, New York City; "Training the Devotional Life," by
Prof. Luther A. Weigle and Prof. Henry H. Tweedy, of the
School of Religion, Yale University.

Lesson Courses, ^Magazines, Books and Papers

The improved Uniform Lessons were first issued in the first
quarter of the present year. Uniformity is maintained by the
use of a common title for the whole school, a common brief
lesson text and a common Golden Text. In a few lessons each
year uniformity is surrendered for a given department, usu-

334 CONGREGATIONAL PUBLISHING SOCIETY

ally the Primary, in order to provide a suitable lesson for
every department in the school. Special topics, special mem-
ory verses and reference material have been designated wher-
ever it seemed possible in the hope of making the lessons more
helpful to the pupils in the different departments. In accord-
ance with this plan our Uniform Lesson helps are now ar-
ranged as follows :

Pilgrim Bible Stories for Children (Ages 6-8), teacher's and
pupil's editions.

Little Pilgrim Lesson Pictures.

The Pilgrim Boys' and Girls' Quarterly (Junior, ages ap-
proximately 9-12), teacher's and pupil's editions.

The Pilgrim High School Quarterly (Intermediate-Senior,
ages approximately 12-18 )»

The Pilgrim Advanced Text-book (Young People's Dept.,
ages approximately 18-24).

The Home Department Magazine.
The Adult Bible Class Magazine.

The revision of the International Graded courses has also
been continued through the second year Intermediate,

In addition to the teacher-training text-books, the following
books have been published:

The American Girl and her Community, Margaret Slattery.
The Use of Motives in Teaching Morals and Religion, T. W.
Galloway.

Missionary Education in Home and School, Ralph E. Dif-
fendorfer.

Monday Club Sermons for 1919.

Talks with the Training Class, (Revised Edition) Mar-
garet Slatterj^

The Story of the Prophets, (Revised Edition) Eleanor
"Wood Whitman.

The preparation of a book for boys and girls, giving inter-
esting stories of our Congregational heroes and heroines, has
also been under consideration this year.
Leaflets have been issued as follows:
Circle of the Morning Light, Sophie H. McKenzie.
A Program of Religious Instruction and Training in the
Local Church (Revised Edition), National Council Commis-
sion on Moral and Religious Education.

CONGREGATIONAL PUBLISHING SOCIETY 33 5

The Committee on Religious Education in the Local Church
(Revised Edition), National Council Commission on Moral
and Religious Education.

The following services have been issued :

Freedom and Peace, Grace Wilbur Conant.

Faith of Our Fathers (A Service for Rally Day), Arthui
L. Goudy.

Luther and the Protestant Reformation, Luther A. "Weigle.

The Immortality of Love and Sendee (An Easter Service),
H. Augustine Smith.

ANNUAL REPORT

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATIONAL PUBLICATIONS

FOR THE YEAR ENDING FEBRUARY 28, 1919

The Department of Educational Publications has had the
good fortune this year of securing Prof. Edward P. St. John,
author and specialist in the field of religious education, to
serve as Contributing Editor, Prof. St. John held a similar
relationship to the Society a few years ago, and our staff
gladly welcomes him to our conferences again.

Teachers' Magazines

Our two monthly magazines continue to serve a constantly
increasing constituency: The Pilgrim Elementary Teacher,
designed for teachers and parents of pupils in the elementary
grades, and the Pilgrim Magazine, intended for teachers in
the upper grades, officers, pastors and others interested in
religious education. These magazines are the central organs
of expression of our denominational educational work, and
are the only publications of the denomination directly con-
cerned with the Christian nurture of our boys and girls and
young people. Reports from the field regarding the value
and need of these magazines show that they hold an important
place in our educational program.

As an emergency measure to meet the critical financial con-
dition of the last war year, both of these magazines were
reduced one-third of their size. This reduction of space seri-
ously limits the service of the magazines. "We have tried con-
stantly to increase their efficiency, however, and as soon as
such action is warranted we hope to publish the Pilgrim. Ele-
mentary Teacher again in its regular size.

336 congregational publishing society

The Pilgrim Magazine Becomes the Church School

Beginning with the October, 1919, number The Pilgrim
Magazine will appear under a new name and in an enlarged
and improved form. Henceforth, The Church School — a
Magazine of Christian Education will take the place of the
present title, and instead of thirty-two pages, forty-eight pages
of popular size will be its regular monthly issue.

These changes are only surface indications of a very signifi-
cant forward step in the making of a magazine of religious
education for the church school, home and community. The
new magazine is to be the product of the combined editorial
and publishing interests of the Congregational, Methodist
Episcopal Church North, and Methodist Episcopal Church
South, the S3'ndicate which has published so successfully the
International Graded Lessons for the last ten years. Under
a new trade name. The Graded Press, the three denominations
indicated are working together to make one co-operative prod-
uct instead of three competing publications. That these great
denominations are willing to embark on such an enterprise
shows the unity in principles, standards, and methods which
prevails today among leaders in religious education.

The new magazine, The Church School, is prepared for
pastors, parents, teachers, superintendents, directors of relig-
ious education in the local church, leaders of young people's
work, and all others who are interested in the program of
Christian Education. It is hoped that it will be of service
also to those responsible for community work, and to Y. M.
C. A. and Y. W. C. A. secretaries who are trying to work
through the church school in the training of our youth. The
editors recognize, however, that the chief responsibility in
Christian education today is carried by parents, pastors,
teachers and executive officers of the church school, and it is
for them especially that the magazine is planned. Through
its columns the editors hope to popularize the principles, pro-
grams, and methods that should prevail in our church schools,
to relate the home and church school in a more vital way, to
suggest ways and means of developing character through serv-
ice, to convince every one of the fundamental character and
importance of the task of the church school, to enlist them

CONGREGATIONAL PUBLISHING SOCIETY 337

in its army, and g'ive them a training adequate to the needs of
the new America.

The Pilgrim Teacher Quarterly

The Improved Uniform lesson helps are being published as
outlined in the last annual report, with the addition of a new
quarterly for teachers— 'T/?e Pilgrim Teacher Quarterly" —
which will first appear in October, 1919. This will be pre-
pared especially for teachers of classes of high school age and
over, and will contain much of the material which has ap-
peared recently in the Uniform Lesson Section of The Pilgrim
Magazine. Teachers will find here illuminating treatments
of the basic historical and spiritual truths of the lessons. The
Quarterly will also offer suggestions as to adaptation of the
lesson and varying methods which m.ay be used with classes
of high school, adolescent and adult age. We hope to furnish
in this publication the most complete and usable notes which
can be procured for classes studying this special course of
lessons.

Revised Pilgrim Graded Lessons

The revision of the Pilgrim Graded Lessons (International
Series) has now been completed through the first year senior.
The new edition of "The World, a Field for Christian Serv-
ice" will be ready for use October, 1919. A thorough study
of this series has been made by authors and editors, and we
are confident that the revised courses will meet the needs of
a much larger circle of schools than were familiar with the
first edition of this series.

The International Lesson Committee has outlined some valu-
able elective courses for seniors and adults. There is a con-
stant demand for courses of this character and the department
is planning to publish the following :

Significant Experiences of Jesus (three months' course),
senior elective.

Beacon Lights of Christian Service (three months' course),
senior elective.

Hints on Child Training (three months' introductory course
for parent training), adult.

Fundamentals in Christian Living, adult elective.

338 congregational publishing society

Weekly Papers

Our weekly papers have been published as in previous
years : The Mayflotver for children under nine, Boyland and
Firelight, for boys and girls respectively from nine to twelve,
The Wellspring for young people of high school age.

Books

For a part of the year this department has had oversight
of the books of general interest in addition to those directly
concerned with religious education. The second year of the
Pilgrim Training Course has been completed with the publica-
tion of the last two parts : The Program of Christianity by
Prof. Frank K. Sanders, Director Board of Missionary Prepa-
ration, New York; Training the Devotional Life, by Prof.
Luther A. Weigle and Prof. Henry H. Tweedy, of the School
of Religion, Yale University. Progress has also been made
in outlining the books required for the third year of the train-
ing course. These will be published through an informal syn-
dicate of denominations of which we are members. Other
books have been published as follows :

The Seven Laws of Teaching — Gregory, Bagley, Laj^on —
Spanish translation by A. S. Rodriguez.

Pilgrim Followers of the Gleam, Katharine S. Hazeltine —
This is a reading or study book of Congregational History for
boys and girls from eleven to fifteen years of age.

Childhood and Character, Hugh Hartshorne.

Monday Club Sermons for 1920.

Christian Approach to Islam, J. L. Barton.

Report of Young People's Work Committee
The National Council instructed the Congregational Edu-
cation Society to make a careful study of work among young
people in our churches, to plan for strengthening that work,
and to provide such leadership as the enlarged program might
require. Such a study has been made by a committee of
which the editor of this department is a member. Corre-
spondence has been. carried on with pastors and young peo-
ple's organizations and several days have been spent by the
committee in studying and discussing this matter. In brief
the plan of the committee 's work has been as follows :

CONGREGATIONAL PUBLISHING SOCIETY 339

First, the outlining of various types of young people's
organizations found in the local church. This outline included
(a) the Sunday School class, (b) Christian Endeavor, or cor-
responding society, (e) the societies which have sprung up
because of some specific object, such as a local Grenfell Asso-
ciation or mission study class, not clearly provided for in
either the Sunday School or Christian Endeavor, (d) com-
munity organizations such as the Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A.
over which the church has no control but in which its young
people are found. The second part of the task as the com-
mittee saw it was to suggest a plan for federating these vari-
ous interests and such a federation is outlined in the com-
mittee 's report which has been printed separately. An article
setting forth the proposed federation will also appear in the
October issue of "The Church School."

The International Sunday School Association and the
Sunday School Council

The year has been of special significance in actions taken
hj important conferences which have a direct bearing on our
work. Chief among these have been the meetings of the Inter-
national Sunday School Association and the Sunday School
Council. Friends of both the Council and the International
Association have been interested in an effort to bring these
two associations into some working agreement so that there
would be no duplication but rather harmony and efficiency on
the field. Committees were appointed by both bodies to con-
fer and arrange if possible a basis of co-operation between
the two organization. These committees submitted sugges-
tions for reorganization which if followed out will unify the
two organizations. It will surely be one of the greatest ad-
vance steps of our day when these two leading organizations
in the field of religious education join forces and work to-
gether for the religious training of the children and youth
of the nation.

Financial

A word should be said as to this department's effort to do
its share in meeting the financial pressure of the past montlis
due in part to war conditions. The reduction in the size of the

340 CONGREGATIONAL PUBLISHING SOCIETY

two teachers' magazines has already been mentioned. These
reductions afford a substantial saving in the cost of articles
and manufacturing. The subscription prices of both Uniform
and Graded publications have been raised, thus providing an
absolutely new source of income.

' The Business Department and the Department of Educa-
tional Publications are co-operating effectively, and the spirit
and purpose of the whole force is such as to promise the best
things for the denomination in the future.

THE CONGREGATIONALIST AND ADVANCE

Throughout another biennium The Congregationalist — bear-
ing for the first time in its history the title, The Congregation-
alist and Advance — has sought to inform, serve, unify, and
inspire the nearly six thousand churches of our order from
Maine to California, not forgetting Canada, as well as groups
and individuals- scattered throughout the thirty-two foreign
lands to which the paper goes. Its primary endeavor, as in the
one hundred and three years past of its history, has been to be
a living link between the far separated followers of the Pilgrim
faith and polity, who otherwise would be very loosely bound
together.

This fundamental obligation to represent the denomination
made more imperative by the combining into one paper The
Congregationalist and The Advance two years ago and the
fact that The Pacific is no longer a weekly, but a monthly,
naturally imposes certain clearly defined limits beyond which
the paper cannot go and fulfill the denominational duty. It
must carrj' from Aveek to week material not eagerly sought and
quickly appreciated by the average reader of periodicals and
magazines. It cannot be an Atlantic or an Outlook or a
Saturday Evening Post. For example, about one-fifth of the
reading material each week consists of items and articles re-
lating to our local churches. Even so large a proportion of
space does not suffice to do justice to all the sections of the
country which we desire to represent with equal fairness, but
yet we consider this Church News altogether necessary and
desirable for a paper of our class, and we hope to publish more
rather than less of it, and to improve the quality.

CONGREGATIONAL PUBLISHING SOCIETY 341

On the side of our common denominational enterprises, the
paper has put its shoulders constantly to the activities, pend-
ing; or prospective, that were enlisting the energies of our
administrators and challenging the attention of the Church.
Early in the bieunium, the Tercentenary Correspondence
Course, originated by Rev. E. H. Byington, was given prom-
inent space and its progress has been noted from time to time.
The "Every Member" canvass has found a strong friend in
the paper, and in different ways it has been constantly before
the constituency of the paper. When the Commission on
Evangelism undertook systematically, through proper litera-
ture, to arouse and help the churches in their important task
of winning individuals, fallow ground was alreadj^ found in
the League of Intercession which The Congregationalist had
established earh^ in the war. It was easy to adjust this depart-
ment to the pre-Lenten readings and petitions which the Com-
mission on Evangelism scattered so widely among the churches.
Editorials and contributed articles enforced the meaning of
this particular campaign.

When Secretary Miles B. Fisher came to his post as Mis-
sionary Educational Secretary, he quickly included The Con-
gregationalist as one of his chief mediums to inculcate his
ideas upon the Congregational public. A similar welcome
was extended by the editors to Secretary Arthur E. Holt, when
he came to take charge of the Social Service work, succeeding
Dr. Henry A. Atkinson. Dr. Holt's articles, signed and un-
signed, have helped to keep The Congregationalist in line with
social movements of the daj'. The Executive Committee of the
National Council and its secretary. Dr. Herring, have also
made free use of the columns of the paper in order to further
undertakings bearing on the welfare of the churches. More
than in former years Congregational schools and colleges have
been brought within range of vision of the readers of the
paper, and the interests of these important institutions. East,
West, North, and South, have been advocated.

When it comes to the definite missionary endeavors of the
denomination, The C ongregationalist and Advance has com-
mented upon and chronicled numerous phases of effort, both at
home and abroad, in the Southland, the Par West, and in the
old New England communities. Secretaries of the American

342 CONGREGATIONAL PUBLISHING SOCIETY

Board who have gone to other lands have described in graphic
contributions their discoveries and experiences — Dr. James L.
Barton for Turkey, Dr. C. H. Patton for Hawaii and Japan,
Dr. E. L. Smith for China, Rev. Enoch F. Bell for the Philip-
pines and Mexico.

All through the biennium, intimations of the greatest single
piece of M'ork in which the denomination has been engaged
have appeared on the pages of the paper as the Pilgrim Memo-
rial Fund, and the successive stages of the interesting process
have been reported. At present, as the movement draws nearer
its culmination, the paper every week plays the part of a
barometer and mirror in this most interesting and inspiring
common enterprise, and during the next few months the paper
will redouble its energies in behalf of the success of the fund.

Parallel with this effort to assure ministers when they retire,
of added support, has been the movement started by the paper
itself to increase the ' ' going ' ' salaries of ministers. The Roll
of Honor, listing the churches that have increased the salaries
of their pastors since January 1, 1918, has been an incentive
to many churches to go and do likewise. Though nearly seven
hundred have thus far reported themselves as having taken
this desirable step, it is to be hoped that the list will be brought
to at least one thousand in a comparatively short time.

As an incidental adjunct to this general movement designed
to bring more men into the ministry and to supply more ade-
quately their material needs, the little illustrated series of
articles the paper is publishing, entitled, ''Fathers and Sons
in the Ministr^^," is worthy of note.

Along with this service to the denomination, at once minute
and comprehensive, The Congregationalist as in all its past
has sought to set forth and promote the things of Christ's
Kingdom, in which all the members of His household are
interested. It has looked with favor upon movements desir-
ing to promote federation and unity. Through its columns
almost exclusively, have Congregationalists learned of the pro-
posals of unity put forth by a group of Episcopal and Con-
gregational ministers. Such a series of articles as that pub-
lished in 1918 on ''The Second Coming of Christ" showed the
disposition of the paper to take up in a sane, strong fashion
a question that was agitating many sections of the country.

CONGREGATIONAL PUBLISHING SOCIETY 343

Upon this theme Dr. Chas. R. Brown, Dr. Raymond Calkins,
Professor Shailer Mathews, Professor Frank C. Porter, Presi-
dent W. D. Mackenzie, and others wrote most illuminatingly.

Naturally during the biennium the pages of the ^aper have
revealed world conditions, especially the progress and out-
come of the world war, the work in camps and cantonments,
and the work of the National Service Commission appointed
at the last National Council ; repeatedly, too, reports from the
field have come from leading ministers and laymen engaged in
the work of the Y. M. C. A. or the chaplaincy. These added
freshness and variety to the pages of the paper. The editor,
and the western editor, who were both abroad for a period,
sent back the harvesting of their rapid journeyings, undertak-
ing also to interpret the deeper meaning and the probable
moral and spiritual outcome of the' great struggle. Since the
war ended a prominent theme has been reconstruction both in
Church and State. Many articles from influential leaders,
relating to the duty and opportunity of the Church in this
great new era have proved helpful to the wide constituency of
the paper. In this general line has been the series of articles
and editorials bearing on saloon substitutes and proper en-
forcement of the prohibitory laws.

One incidental, but notable, service, and one of a very tan-
gible character, has been the raising by the paper during the
last two years of $43,150.52, which have been distributed with
a view to relieving suffering in war ravaged countries.

Another incidental, though by no means inconsequential ele-
ment in the service which a paper like The Congregationalist
renders to its constituency, is the publishing of discriminating
and sympathetic eulogies of our great religious leaders after
they pass from earth. During this biennium, it has been the
sad duty of the paper thus to commemorate such widely
honored leaders as Washington Gladden, Walter Rauschen-
bush, Frederick A. Noble, and E. F. Williams, along with a
large number of other ministers and laymen who have served
their generation and entered into their heavenly reward.

This specific denominational service is only one of the func-
tions of the paper whose literary material ranges widely over
many fields. But it is fitting that the body to which the paper
is most responsible should thus learn in detail what it is doing

344 CONGREGATIONAL PUBLISHING SOCIETY

week by week to upbuild American Congregationalism. In
addition it seeks to be a family religions journal of the first
grade, comprehensive in its departments and alert to the life
of the world at large.

BUSINESS DEPARTMENT

The two years since the meeting of the National Council in
Columbus, Ohio, have been years of great anxiety and pressure
for the Publishing Society. In October, 1917, the revision of
the graded lessons was begun, and it continued through the
year until October, 1918. This revision had been voted eighteen
months earlier, as is the requirement, in order that adjust-
ment in stock may be properly made.

Editorial expense, cost of new plates, building up new re-
serve stock, and increased cost of all things entering into pro-
duction of the Lessons made it necessary to -pay approximately
$65,000 for the Graded Lessons in that year as against ap-
proximately $33,000 the year before and $29,779.41 for the
year closing September 30, 1919.

Following the instructions of the last Council, The Advance
was purchased at a cost of $27,500, plus payment of the deficit
from July 18, 1918, until the paper was taken over in Novem-
ber of the same year, plus all expenses of the transfer, and
the cost of filling its unexpired subscriptions. The total cost
over and above all income for the first twelve months was some-
thing over $12,000.

The $32,000 increased cost of the Graded Lessons, $12,000
for The Advance, plus cash invested in the Chicago store in
that year over and above returns made a total of over $60,000
drain upon the working cash capital of the Pilgrim Press,
which was never sufficiently large.

Wholly aside from the purchase of The Advance, the in-
creased cost of paper and of manufacture, with little or no
increase in income, increased the deficit for that same year on
The C'07igregationalist. Plans had also been laid in connection
with The Pilgrim Magazine of Religious Education and The
Pilgrim Elementary Teacher, which meant that the splendid
educational service rendered by these magazines could only
be secured through running a considerable deficit in connec-
tion with their publication.

CONGREGATIONAL PUBLISHING SOCIETY 345

These drains, added to the increased cost of everything hav-
ing to do with the printing and publishing business, due to the
war, threw upon the Society burdens which it was exceedingly
difficult to cany. It was not until September, 1918, that mat-
ters could be sufficiently adjusted and prices sufficiently in-
creased to turn the tide. Even then, for the next six months
war conditions, coupled with influenza, which made a decided
cut in sales and increased difficulty in collections, together
with another heavy increase in the cost of paper January 1,
1919, put upon the Publishing Society additional burdens.

Notwithstanding all this, the tide began to turn in Septem-
ber, 1918, and barring changes in inventorv^, the total income
of the last four months of the year ending December 31, 1918,
was $34,692.00 more than the total expenses, (no depreciation
deducted).

January 1, 1919, Mr. Albert W. Fell became Manager for
the Publishing Society. This immediately remedied an im-
possible situation, vi^. : the effort on the part of one man to
be General Secretary, guiding the education work of the Edu-
cation and Publishing Societies, and at the same time look
after the business interests of an organization that had a trade
amounting to some tliree-quarters of a million dollars annually.
Mr. Fell is thoroughly skilled in the publishing business, hav-
ing successfully managed publishing properties since 1900.
Since his coming the details of the business administration and
more adequate plans for handling the entire publishing business
have been developed. As a result the Society is showing much
improvement in its general financial and business conditions.
However, it should be borne in mind that it will be several
years before the Society can get back to where it was before
the war. It will take a number of years to win back the capi-
tal which has been lost and to build the Society up to a finan-
cial position where it will be able to take advantage of oppor-
tunities which are only available to organizations having ade-
quate working capital.

This and the splendid quality of our publications suggest
to us the vital importance of every pastor's insisting upon the
use of our own publications in the churches and Sunday
schools, and of every division of church activity sending all
of its printing to the Pilgrim Press plant, thus making every

I c i I

346 CONGREGATIONAL PUBLISHING SOCIETY

dollar contributed do double duty in our own church organiza-
tions.

Below is a statement of Profit and Loss for Departments,
and total loss for the years March 1, 1917, to March 1, 1918,
and March 1, 1918 to March 1, 1919.

Fiscal Year Ending February 28, 1918

Total Sales, Boston $419,547.20

Printing Dept 130,687.34

Chicago 196,485.85

Total $746,720.39

Total Disbursements, Boston .• $451,988.28

Printing Dept. 126,989.14

Chicago 199,483.82

Total — 778,461.24

Loss for Year $31,740.85

Fiscal Year Ending February 28, 1919

Total Sales, Boston $415,846.34

" Printing Dept 140,518.80

" Chicago 201,584.52

Total $757,949.66

Total Disbursements, Boston $459,362.22

Printing Dept. 136,237.49

Chicago 211,202.03

Total — 806,801.74

Loss for Year $48,852.08

It will be necessary to increase the book loss of the year end-
ing February 28, 1919, for the new manager has found that
no proper depreciations have been written off for a number of
years, which accounts for fictitious profits which have been
shown during former years. This may have occurred from
ignorance of depreciation practice, but whatever the motive,
it is now necessary to load the year just paf=t with the depre-
ciations of many years in order that the accounting shall in
the future correctly represent conditions.

REPORT OF THE CONGREGATIONAL BOARD OF
MINISTERIAL RELIEF

The present effort of the Congregational churches to meet
their obligations to their ministers as they become old and
unable to continue in active servace, appears in a threefold
aspect :

I. Ministerial Relief

(a) Through State Relief organizations, of which there
are fourteen. These are the first societies organized in the
denomination for this purpose. One of them, New Hamp-
shire, has been established for more than a hundred years.
These fourteen societies are located in the six New England
States, in Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin, Llinuesota, South
Dakota, Iowa and two in California, one in each Conference.
These societies have been, and are doing most excellent work.
They have endowments of about $460,000, and in 1918 re-
ceived from all sources over $96,000 — about half of which was
for their endowment funds. They aided 225 families to the
amount of nearly $40,000. They received under the appor-
tionment about $22,000, aud their additional receipts were
from individuals and income.

(b) Through the Congregational Board of Ministerial Re-
lief, the national organization. The work of this Board had
its beginnings in 1886, though its present corporate name
was not adopted until 1907.

It promotes the endeavor of the denomination to meet in
some just and honorable waj- its obligation to care for its
aged ministers and ministers' widows. It works in co-opera-
tion with the existing State societies, rejoicing in their suc-
cess and desiring in every way to aid and in no way to hinder
their efforts.

It regards its special field of obligation to be to those in
the States without local relief organizations, at the same time
working with the State societies as they may need and desire
its co-operation. It could not do its work efficiently without
the gifts and co-operation of the churches in the States which

348 BOARD OF MINISTERIAL RELIEF

have Relief Societies. The National Society is deeply grate-
ful for the generous response from such States. This prac-
tical response and spirit of helpfulness serves to emphasize
the unity of our churches, the oneness of their work and that
our Christian fellowship and brotherly affection are nation
and world wide. It is the united purpose of the National and
State Relief Societies to assure all Congregational ministers
in any part of our country that neither they nor their families
shall be l(!ft in sickness, misfortune or old age, without proper
and practical recognition of their sacrificial service in the
Kingdom of God.

The financial transactions of the Board of Relief for the
past biennium will appear in the Treasurer's report to the
Council at Grand Rapids in October, 1919.

II. The Annuity Fund for Congregational Ministers

The annuity plan was approved by the National Council
in Kansas City in 1913, on the recommendation of the Board
of Ministerial Relief. The previous council had instructed
this Board to report and recommend some plan which would
provide "a substantial retiring pension, proportioned in
amount to the number of years spent in our active ministry,- — -
not a grant of charitj^ because of indigence, but a pension of
honor because of faithful service." The annuity plan has
now been in force about five years and what it has accom-
plished in membersliip and finances will appear in the official
report to the Council. The most interesting phase of this
Mdiole annuity effort appears in the great endeavor of the
denomijiation to secure a worthy endowment for an annuity
pension system for our ministers, in celebration of the three-
hundretlth anniversary of the landing of the Pilgrims in
1920; and this leads to the third aspect of the present de-
nominational effort to meet its obligation to our aged minis-
ters, namely :

III. The Pilgrim Memorial Fund

This fund is to be $5,000,000 and is to be secured by De-
cember 31, 1920. It is perhaps the greatest undertaking of
our Cottgregational churches. It is meeting with the hearty
response! and co-operation of the churches and their constitu-

BOARD OF MINISTERIAL RELIEF 349

ency in all parts of the coiintiy. Though the times are
marked by great social unrest and financial uncertainty, there
is every assurance that this heroic enterprise will succeed.
The Executive Committee of the Council's Commission of one
hundred is, under its efficient Chairman and Executive Secre-
tary, aided by the splendid force of field men and secretaries,
co-operating pastoi*s, laymen and official representatives of
some of the National Societies, pushing forward a nation-
wide campaign with most hopeful results.

When this enterprise shall have been consummated, and
the corporation of the National Council, the holding body of
the Pilgrim IMemorial Fund, shall have begun to pay over the
income to the Trustees of the Annuity Fund for Congre-
gational ]\Iinisters, to "be used to provide old age annuities,
disability and death benefits for Congregational ministers, in
connection with contributory payments by the ministers
themselves," then it will be time for the whole denomination
to stand and sing the doxology.

Eight here, however, we must guard 'against one grave
danger, namely, the idea that now the denomination has done
its full diitj^ for all time and nothing more need be done.

Already several ministers and laymen have written to the
national office in a vein similar to this quotation from a
pastor 's letter :

"I find it wideh- advocated that after the Pilgrim Me-
morial Fund is secured, the people will not need to give to
Ministeiial Relief, as the ground for help for ministers will
then be so fully covered."

A brief consideration of certain facts will show the fallacy
of this conclusion.

A large number of ministers and aged members of min-
isters' families are at the present time in iieed of the sus-
taining service of the Boards of Ministerial Relief.

There is no ground upon which we can reasonably assure
ourselves that a similar condition will not continuously exist.

The amount that the Boards of Relief are able to pay to
the 600 families that are now on their rolls is shockingly in-
adequate from the standpoint of either their needs, their
claims, or the obligation of the churches.

350 BOARD OF MINISTERIAL RELIEF

The general maximum payment from the Boards is about
$350 a year, while the average is about $225.

The churches can never be satisfied with this payment.
Instead, therefore, of decreasing contributions to the direct
work of Ministerial Relief, they should be largely increased.

We have been making a careful examination of the sta-
tistics given in the last Year-Book (statistics for 1918) re-
lating to ministers. In the alphabetical list of ministers we
found that there are 2718 who are not in the active pastorate.
After each one of these names is given the date of ordination.
In connection with these names the record shows that 929 are
engaged in some form of service such as editors, secretaries,
educational work, superintendents, missionaries at home and
abroad, chaplains, evangelists, Y. M. C. A. and special war
work, soldiers in the army, and 112 in business.

After making allowance for those thus emploj'ed and others
doubtless giving their time to honorable employments not
mentioned in the records, there seem to be about 1500 who are
without active or continuous employment. It is doubtless
true that many of these earn something as pulpit supplies,,
services rendered in other denominations and in other ways,
but probably these do not earn a sufficient sum to meet all
their requirements, particularly in these times.

Our examination of the list of ministers given in connec-
tion with the tabulation of the churches, reveals the fact that
several hundreds of them are now at least 65 years old. As-
suming that the average age of ordination of our ministers
would be about 27, and after studying the facts in the Year-
Book, we are convinced that more than a thousand of our six
thousand ministers are at the present time 65 years of age or
older. The same study indicates that 7 of these ministers are
in the 90 's, 132 in the 80 's, 438 in the 70 's and about 300
from 65 to 70.

The experience of the Boards of Relief indicates that the
number of women requiring assistance, is about equal to the
number of men. There are, therefore, at the present time
about 2,000 persons who should participate in the distribu-
tion of Ministerial Relief funds. The fact is, however, that
at the present time the Boards are assisting only about 600.
No doubt many of those who are now retired, or who are

BOARD OF MINISTERIAL BELIEF 351

about to retire, will be otherwise provided for. Some of them
have funds saved which will be sufficient. Others are pro-
vided for by the churches which they have long served, while
still others are lovingly and generously cared for by their
children. Yet after all these deductions have been made, the
number remaining who must have extended to them the
loving care of the churches, through the agencies which they
have established for their benefit, is very large. One of
these provided, is the Annuity Fund.

The Annuity Fund as at present organized and in the
modified form which goes into effect January 1, 1921, is a con-
tributory pension system, the rates of which are based upon
age, and the amount available in annuities at age 65 or older,
or at the period of disability, or for widows and orphans at
the time of the death of the husband and father, is governed
by the number of years of ser\ace.

In order to obtain the fullest benefits it is necessary that
the ministeiv should become a member of the Fund at about
30 years of age, and continue his payments up to age 65.
Those entering the plan after they are 30, or who fail to
continue their payments until they are 65, ^\dll, of course,
receive proportionately smaller returns. The maintenance of
these memberships depends upon the payments made by the
members, by their churches, and from the income of the Pil-
grim JMemorial Fund. In other words the annuity system
adopted hy the denomination looks to the future and is large
with hope and encouragement, but involves conditions which
cannot in every case be met. There will always be ministers
who, for one reason or another, cannot go through the full
period of membership payments. There will always be those
who wiU not become members of the Annuity Plan, therefore
the Boards of Relief will ever be necessary to provide,

First — for those who are ineligible to membership in the
Annuity Plan.

Second — for those who will never become members of the
Annuity Plan.

Third — and especially and particular!}^, for those who have
not been able, though members, to carry their memberships
through to the period when the benefits will be sufficient to

352 BOARD OF MINISTERIAL RELIEF

meet their needs. This deficiency will have to be met in
some measure by the grants of the Boards of Eelief.

The fact is, the two methods, Annuity and Relief, go hand
in hand, work side by side, minister jointly to those who have
been faithful in the service of our churches and the building
up of the denomination and the Kingdom of God at home and
abroad. They must continue to work in perfect harmony.
They will together eventually, if both continue to receive the
co-operation and increasing support of the churches, provide
sufficiently and honorably for the period of old age and in-
activity of these servants of God.

REPORT OF THE ANNUITY FUND FOR
CONGREGATIONAL MINISTERS

This statement concerning the Annuity Fund for Congre-
gational Ministers covers the period from the issuance of its
first certificate of membership, May 7, 1914, to July 31, 1919,
a period of five years and three months.

The total number of certificates issued has been 565, of
which 539 are still in force.

There have been 11 deaths.

The number of annuitants at the present time is 16, ten
of whom are widows, and six are old age annuitants.

The present value of the old age annuity is $200. The
outlook for memberships' reaching their full value within a
very few years is most encouraging.

Present annuitants will participate in the increased value
of their certificates until they have reached their full value
of $500 a year for the ministers who have served thirty years
or more.

The average age at entry of the present members of the
fund is 46, the minimum being 24 and the maximum 65. Of
the present members 13 have been engaged in war work, 8
of them overseas, while 23 are missionaries of the American
Board.

Most of the members are in the 65 year class, only 3 being
in the 68 year class and 13 in the 70 year class.

BOARD OF MINISTERIAL RELIEF 353

Certificates under the present plan will not be issued after
December 31, 1920. Beginning with January 1, 1921, cer-
tificates will be issued under a new and enlarged plan. Mem-
bers in the present plan will have all of 1921 to decide whether
they Avisli to change their membership to the new plan. If
they so decide, the change can be made without loss. Prob-
ably, however, only the j'ounger men would find it advisable
to make the change. Whether this change is made or not,
the men in the present plan will be fortunate, for they will
have begun their preparation for old age at an earlier date,
will have a larger saving to their credit, and will in every
way be farther along in their provision for old age.

Again the man who postpones the matter until 1921, must
till then carry his own risk.

While since the last Council the right of way has been
largely given to the Pilgrim Memorial Fund, the Annuity
Fund has made stead}'- and substantial progress. The Treas-
urer's report when presented to the Council will show that
the assets have grown from $119,346.01 as of July 31, 1917,
to $251,157.19 as of July 31, 1919.

Since the report two years ago, 165 new members have
been received.

The outlook for the Annuity Fund is most promising and
all our ministers who are eligible would do well to get into
the Fund as soon as possible.

CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS OF THE
NATIONAL COUNCIL

(Revised)

The Congregational Churches of the United States, by
delegates in National Council assembled, reserving all the
rights and cherished memories belonging to this organization
under its former constitution, and declaring the steadfast
allegiance of the churches composing the Council to the faith
which our fathers confessed, which from age to age has found
its expression in the historic creeds of the Church universal
and of this communion, and affirming our loyalty to the basic
principles of our representative democracy, hereby set forth
the things most surely believed among us concerning faith,
polity, and fellowship :

Faith.

We believe in God the Father, infinite in wisdom, goodness,
and love ; and in Jesus Christ, his Son, our Lord and Saviour,
who for us and our salvation lived and died and rose again
and liveth evermore ; and in the Holy Spirit, who taketh of
the things of Christ and revealeth them to us, renewing,
comforting, and inspiring the souls of men. We are united
in striving to know the will of God as taught in the Holy
Scriptures, and in our purpose to walk in the ways of the
Lord, made known or to be made known to us. We hold it
to be the mission of the Church of Christ to proclaim the
gospel to all mankind, exalting the worship of the one true
God, and laboring for the progress of knowledge, the promo-
tion of justice, the reign of peace, and the realization of
human brotherhood. Depending, as did our fathers, upon
the continued guidance of the Holy Spirit to lead us into all
truth, we work arid pray for the transformation of the world
into the kingdom of God; and we look with faith for the
triumph of righteousness and the life everlasting.

constitution and by-laws 355

Polity

We believe in the freedom and responsibility of the indi-
vidual soul, and the right of private judgment. We hold to
the autonomy of the local church and its independence of
all ecclesiastical control. We cherish the fellowship of the
churches, united in district, state, and national bodies, for
counsel and co-operation in matters of common concern.

The Wider Fellowship

While affirming the liberty of our churches, and the valid-
ity of our ministry, we hold to the unity and catholicity of
the Church of Christ, and will unite with all its branches in
hearty co-operation; and will earnestly seek, so far as in us
lies, that tjie prayer of our Lord for his disciples may be
answered, that they all may be one.

United in support of these principles, the Congregational
Churches in National Council assembled agree in the adop-
tion of the following Constitution :

Article 1. — Name

The name of this body is the National Council of the Con-
gregational Churches of the United States. "

Article II. — Purpose

The purpose of the National Council is to foster and ex-
press the substantial unity of the Congregational churches
in faith, polity, and work; to consult upon and devise mea-
sures and maintain agencies for the promotion of their com-
mon interests; to co-operate with any corporation or body
under control of or affiliated with the Congregational churches,
or any of them; and to do and to promote the work of the
Congregational churches of the United States in their na-
tional, international, and interdenominational relations.

Article III. — Members.

1. Delegates, (a) The churches in each District Associa-
tion shall be represented by one delegate. Each association
having more than ten churches shall be entitled to elect one
additional delegate for each additional ten churches or major

356 CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS

fraction thereof. The churches in each State Conference
shall be represented by one delegate. Each conference hav-
ing churches whose aggregate membership is more than ten
thousand shall be entitled to elect one additional delegate
for each additional ten thousand members or major fraction
thereof. States having associations but no conference, or
vice versa, shall be entitled to their full representation,

(&) Delegates shall be divided, as nearly equally as practi-
cable, between ministers and laymen.

id) Any delegate who shall remove from the bounds of the
•conference or association b,y which he has been elected to the
Council shall be deemed by the fact of that removal to have
resigned his membership in the Council, and the Conference
or Association may proceed to fill the unexpired term by
election.

2. Honorary Members. Former moderators and assistant
moderators of the Council, ministers serving the churches
entertaining the Council, persons selected as preachers or to
prepare papers, or to serve upon committees or commissions
chosen by the Council, missionaries present who are in the
service of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign
Missions and have been not less than seven years in that
service, persons appointed by national missionary boards
as corporate members, executive officials of such boards
whose scope of responsibility is coextensive with the nation,
together with one delegate each from such theological semi-
naries and colleges as are recognized by the Council, may be
enrolled as honorary members and shall be entitled to all
privileges of members in the meeting of the Council except
those of voting and initiation of business.

3. Corresponding Metuhers. The Council shall not increase
its own voting membership, but members of other denomi-
nations, present by invitation or representing their denomina-
tions, representatives of Congregational bodies in other lands,
and other persons present who represent important interests,
or have rendered distinguished services, may, by vote, be

CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS 357

made corresponding members, and entitled to the courtesy
of the floor.

4. Term of Memhership. The term of delegates shall be
four years. Elections to fill vacancies shall be for the re-
mainder of the unexpired term.

The term of a member shall begin at the opening of the
next stated meeting of the Council after his election, and
shall expire with the opening of the second stated meeting of
the Council thereafter. He shall be a member of any inter-
vening special meeting of the Council.

Article IV. — ^Meetings

1. Stated Meetings. The churches shall meet in National
Council once in two years, the time and place of meeting to
be announced at least six months previous to the meeting.

2. Special Meetings. The National Council shall convene
in special meeting whenever any seven of the general state
organizations so request.

3. Quorum. Delegates present from a majority of the
states entitled to representation in the Council shall consti-
tute a quorum.

Article Y. — By-Laws

The Council may make and alter By-Laws at any stated
meeting by a two-thirds vote of members present and vot-
ing; provided, that no new By-Law shall be enacted and no
By-Law altered or repealed on the day on which the change
is proposed.

Article VI. — Amendments

This Constitution shall not be altered or amended, except
at a stated meeting, and by a two-thirds vote of those pres-
ent and voting, notice thereof having been given at a pre-
vious stated meeting, or the proposed alteration having been
requested by some general state organization of churches en-
titled to representation in the Council, and published with
the notification of the meeting.

358 CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS

BY-LAWS

I. — The Call of a Meeting of the Council

1. The call for any meeting shall be issued by the Execu-
tive Committee and signed by their chairman and by the
Secretary of the Council. It shall contain a list of topics
proposed for consideration at the meeting. The Secretary
shall seasonably furnish blank credentials and other needful
papers to the scribes of the several district and state organi-
zations of the churches entitled to representation in the
Council.

2. The meetings shall ordinarily be held in the latter part
of October.

II. — The Formation of the Roll

Immediately, after the call to order the Secretary shall
collect the credentials of delegates present, and these persons
shall be prima facie the voting membership for purposes of
immediate organization. Contested delegations shall not de-
lay the permanent organization, but shall be referred to the
Committee on Credentials, all contested delegations refrain-
ing from voting until their contest is settled.

III. — The Moderator

1. At each stated meeting of the Council there shall be
chosen from among the members of the Council, a Modera-
tor and a fir.st and a second Assistant Moderator, who shall
hold office for two years and until their successors are elected
and qualified.

2. The Moderator immediately after his election shall take
the chair, and after prayer shall at once proceed to com-
plete the organization of the Council and to cause rules of
order to be adopted.

3. The representative function of the Moderator shall be
that of visiting and addressing churches and associations
upon their invitations, and of representing the Council and
the Congregational churches in the wider relations of Chris-
tian fellowship, so far as he may be able and disposed. It
is understood that all his acts and utterances shall be devoid

CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS 359

of authority and that for them shall be claimed and to them
given onl}' such weight and force as inhere in the reason of
them.

4. The Moderator shall preside at the opening of the stated
meeting of the Council following that at which he is elected,
and may deliver an address on a subject of his own selec-
tion.

IV. — The Secretary

The Secretary shall keep the records and conduct the cor-
respondence of the Council and of the Executive Committee.
He shall edit the Year-Book and other publications, and shall
send out notices of all meetings of the Council and of its
Executive Committee. He shall aid the committees and com-
missions of the Council and shall be secretary of the Com-
mission on Missions. He shall be available for advice and
help in matters of polity and constructive organization, and
render to the churches such services as shall be appropriate
to his office. He ma}', like the Moderator, represent the
Council and the churches in interdenominational relations.
For his aid one or more assistants shall be chosen at each
meeting of the Council to serve during such meeting.

V. — The Treasurer

The Treasurer shall receive and hold all income contrib-
uted or raised to meet the expenses of the Council, shall dis-
burse the same on the orders of the Executive Committee, and
shall give bond in such sum as the Executive Committee shall
from time to time determine.

YI. — Term of Office

The terms of office of the Secretary, Treasurer, and of any
other officers not otherwise provided for shall begin January
1, following the meeting at which they are chosen and con-
tinue for two years and until their successors are chosen and
qualified.

VII. — Committees

As soon as practicable after taking the chair, the ]\Iodera-
tor shall cause to be read to the Council the names proposed

360 CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS

by the Nominating Committee for a Business Committee and
a Committee on Credentials. These names shall be chosen
so as to secure representation to different parts of the coun-
try, and the names shall be published in the denominational
papers at least one month before the meeting of the Council,
and printed with the call of the meeting. The Council may
approve these nominations or change them in whole or in
part.

1. The Committee on Credentials. The Committee on
Credentials shall prepare and report as early as practicable
a roll of members. Of this committee the Secretary shall be
a member.

2. The Business Committee. The Business Committee shall
consist of not less than nine members. It shall prepare a
docket for the use of the Council, and subject to its ap-
proval. All business to be proposed to the Council shall
first be presented to this committee, but the Council may at
its pleasure consider any item of business for which such
provision has been refused by the committee.

3. The Nominating Committee. The Nominating Com-
mittee shall consist of nine members, to be elected by the
Council on the nomination of the Moderator, and shall serve
from the close of one stated meeting till the close of the
following stated meeting of the Council. Five members shall
be so chosen for four years, and four for two years, and
thereafter members shall be chosen for four years. This
committee shall nominate to the Council all officers, com-
mittees, and commissions for which the Council does not
otherwise provide. But the Council may, at its pleasure,
choose committees, commissions, or officers by nomination
from the floor or otherwise as it shall from time to time
determine. Members of the Nominating Committiee who
have served for a full term shall not be eligible for re-election
until after an interval of two years.

4. The Executive Committee. The Executive Committee
shall consist of the Moderator, the Secretary, and nine other
persons, and shall be so chosen that the terms of the elected
members shall ultimately be six years, the term of three
members expiring at each stated meeting of the Council. No

CONSTITUTIOX AND BY-LAWS 361

person shall be eligible for successive reappointment on this
committee.

5. Other Committees. (1) Other committees may be ap-
pointed from time to time, and in such manner as the Coun-
cil shall determine, to make report during the meeting at
which the}' are appointed.

(2) On such committees any member of the Council, voting
or honorary, is eligible for service.

(3) All such committees terminate their existence with the
meeting at which they are appointed.

(4) No question or report will be referred to a committee
except by vote of the Council.

(5) Committees shall consist of five persons unless other-
wise stated, at least two of whom shall be laymen.

(6) Unless otherwise ordered, the first named member of
a committee shall be chairman.

YIII.^ — The Executive Committee.

1. The Executive Committee shall transact such business
as the Council shall from time to time direct, and in the
intervals between meetings of the Council shall represent the
Council in all matters not belonging to the corporation and
not other\vise provided for. They shall have authority to
contract for all necessarj- expenditures and to appoint one or
more of their number who shall approve and sign all bills for
payment; shall consult the interests of the Council and act
for it in intervals between meetings in all matters of business
and finance, subject to the approval of the Council; and
shall make a full report of all their doings, the consideration
of which shall be first in order of business after organization.

2. They may fill any vacancy occurring in their own num-
ber or in any commission, committee, or office in the inter-
vals of meeting, the persons so appointed to serve until the
next meeting of the Council.

3. They shall appoint any committee or commission or-
dered by the Council, but not otherwise appointed; and
committees or commissions so appointed shall be entered in
the minutes as by action of the Council.

362 CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS

4. They shall select the place, and shall specify iii the call
the place and precise time at which each meeting of the
Council shall begin,

5. They shall provide a suitable form of voucher for the
expenditures of the Council, and shall secure a proper audit-
ing of its accounts,

6. They shall prepare a definite program for the Council,
choosing a preacher and selecting topics for discussion and
persons to prepare and present papers thereon.

7. They shall assign a distinct time, not to be changed
except by special vote of the Council, for

(a) The papers appointed to be read before the Council.

(b) The commissions appointed by one Council to report
at the next, which may present tlie topics referred to them
for discussion or action,

shall not displace the regular order, except by special vote of
the Council.

IX. — Commissions

1. Special committees appointed to act ad interim, other
than the Executive Committee and Nominating Committee,
shall be designated as commissions.

2. Commissions are expected to report at the next meet-
ing following their appointment, and no commission other
than the Commission on Missions shall continue beyond the
next stated meeting of the Council except by special vote of
the Council.

3. No commission shall incur expense except as author-
ized b}' the Council, or its Executive Committee.

4. Any member in good standing of a Congregational
church is eligible for service on any commission or ad interim
committee.

5. Commissions shall choose their own chairmen, but the
first named member shall call the first meeting and act as
temporary chairman during the organization of the commis-
sion.

CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS 363

6. At least one half of the members of every continued
commission shall be persons who have not been members of it
for the preceding term, and at least one-third of the members
of every commission shall be laymen.

X. — Congregational, National Societies.

With the consent of our National Missionary Societies,
whose approval is a necessarj' preliminary, the following
shall define the relation of these societies to the National
Council :

The foreign missionary work of the Congregational churches
of the United States shall be carried on under the auspices of
the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions
and the co-operating Woman's Boards of Missions; and the
home missionary work of these churches, for the present
under the auspices of the Congregational Home Missionary
Society, the American Missionary Association, the Congre-
gational Education Society, the Congregational Church
Building Society, and the Congregational Sunday-school and
Publisliing Society, hereinafter called the Home Societies, and
the Woman's Home ]\Iissionary Federation. •

1. The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign 3Iis-
sions. This Board and the co-operating Woman's Boards
shall be the agency of the Congregational churches for the
extension of Christ's kingdom abroad.

a. Membership. The voting membership of the American
Board shall consist, in addition to the present life members,
of two classes of persons, (a) One class shall be composed
of the members of the National Council, who shall be deemed
nominated as corporate members of the American Board by
their election and certification as members of the said Na-
tional Council, said nominations to be ratified and the per-
sons so named elected by the American Board. Their tei*ms
as corporate members of the American Board shall end, in
each case, Avlien they cease to be members of the National
Council, (h) There may also be chosen bj^ the American
Board one hundred and fifty corporate members-at-large.
The said one hundred and fifty corporate members-at-large
shall be chosen in three equal sections, and so chosen that

364 CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS

the term of each section shall be ultimately six years, one
section being chosen every second year at the meeting in
connection with the meeting of the National Council. No
new voting members, other than herein provided, shall be
created.

h. Officers and Committees. The officers and committees of
the American Board shall be such as the Board itself may
from time to time determine.

c. Meetings. Regular meetings of the American Board shall
be held annually. That falling in the same year in which
the National Council holds its meeting shall be held in con-
nection with the meeting of said Council. Meetings in other
years shall be held at such time and place as the Board may
determine. Important business, especially such as involves
extensive modifications of policy, shall, so far as possible, be
reserved for coiisideration in those meetings held in connec-
tion with the meeting of the National Council.

d. Reports. It shall be the duty of the American Board
to make a full and accurate report of its condition and work
to the National Council at each stated meeting of that body.

2. The Hom'e Societies. These societies, with the AVoman's
Home Missionarj' Federation, shall be the agencies of the
Congregational churches for the extension of Christ 's kingdom
in the United States.

a. Membership. The voting membership of the several
home societies shall consist, in addition to such existing life
members and other members of the society in question as
may be regarded as legally necessary, of two classes of per-
sons.

(a) One class shall be composed of the members of the
National Council so lojig as they remain members of said
Council.

(&) There may also be chosen corporate members-at-large
by the said societies, in the following numbers, viz. : by the
Congrega.tional Home Missionary Society, ninety; by the
American Missionary Association, sixty; by the Congrega-
tional Church Building Society, thirty ; by the Congregational
Education Society, eighteen ; and by the Congregational
Sunday-school and Publishing Society, eighteen. The said

CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS 365

corporate members-at-large shall be chosen hy each of the
said societies in three equal sections and so chosen that the
term of each section shall be ultimately six years, one sec-
tion being- chosen ewcry second year at the meeting held in
connection with the meeting of the National Council. In
this selection one fifth of the said corporate members-at-
large may be chosen from the organizations for the support
of Congregational activities atiiliated in the Woman's Home
Missionary Federation. No new voting members, other than
herein provided, shall be created by any society.

h. Officers and Committees. The officers and committees of
the several home societies shall be such as the societies them-
selves may from time to time determine.

c. Meetings. Regular meetings of the Home Societies
shall be held aniuially. Those falling in the same year in
which the National Council holds its meeting shall be held
in connection with the meeting of said Council. Meetings
in other years shall be held at such times and places as the
societies themselves may determine. Important business, es-
pecially' such as involves extensive modifications of policy,
shall, so far as possible, be reserved for consideration in those
meetings held in connection Avith the meeting of the Na-
tional Council.

d. Reports. It shall be the duty of each of the Home So-
cieties to make a full and accurate report of its condition and
work to the National Council at each stated meeting of that
body.

XI. — The Commission on Missions

1. On nomination by the standing committee on nomina-
tions the National Council shall elect fourteen persons; and
shall elect one person on nomination of each of the following
Societies or groups of societies : The American Board of
Commissioners for Foreign Missions, the whole bodj' of Wo-
man's Boards of Foreign Missions, the Church Extension
Board (comprising the Congregational Home Missionary So-
ciety, the Congregational Church Building Society, and the
Congregational Sunday School Extension Society), the
Woman's Home Missionary- Federation, the American Mis-

366 CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS

sionary Association, the Congregational Education Society
(comprising the Educational and Publishing interests) and
the Board of Ministerial Relief ; and shall also elect four per-
sons nominated by the nominating committee from the names
suggested by the representatives of the Extension Societies
at their mid-winter session to represent the State organiza-
tions ; who, together with the Secretary of the National Coun-
cil ex-officio, shall constitute a Commission on Missions.

2. Members. The members of the Commission on Mis-
sions shall be divided as nearly as possible into two equal
sections in such manner that the term of each section shall be
ultimately four years and the term of one section shall expire
at each biennial meeting of the Council. In these choices
due consideration shall be given to convenience of meeting,
as well as to the geographical representation of the churches.
No member except the Secretary of the National Council,
whether nominated by the Standing Committee on Nomina-
tions of the National Council or by the societies, who has
served on said Commission for two full successive terms of
four years each, shall be eligible for reelection until after
two years shall have passed. Unpaid officers of any of the
missionary societies of the churches shall be eligible to this
Commission, but no paid officer or employee of a missionary
society shall be eligible. The Commission shall choose its
own chairman, and have power to fill any vacancy in its own
number until the next stated meeting of the Council.

3. Duties. While the Commission on Missions shall not
be charged with the details of the administration of the
several missionary societies, it shall be its duty to consider
the work of the home and foreign societies above named, to
prevent duplication of missionary activities, to effect all pos-
sible economies in administration, and to seek to correlate
the work of the several societies so as to secure the maxi-
mum of efficiency with the minimum of expense. It shall
have the right to examine the annual budgets of the several
societies and have access to their books and records. It may
freely give its advice to the said societies regarding problems
involved in their work, and it shall make recommendations
to the several societies when, in its judgment, their work can

CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS 367

be made more efficient or economical. It shall make report
of its action to the National Council at each stated meeting
of that body, and present to said Council such recommenda-
tions as it may deem wise for the furtherance of the efficiency
and economical administration of the several societies. In
view of the evident conviction of a large portion of the
churches that the multiplicity of the Congregational Home
Societies is not consistent with the greatest economy and effi-
ciency, the Commission on Missions shall examine present
conditions and shall recommend to the National Council such
simplification or consolidation as shall seem expedient.

4. Expenses. The members of the Commission on Mis-
sions shall serve without salar}-. The necessary expenses of
the Commission shall be paid from the treasury of the Na-
tional Council, and said Council may limit the amount of
expense which may be incurred in any year. All bills for
payment shall be certified by the chairman of the Commission.

XII.- — The Corporation for the National Council

1. The corporate members of the corporation shall consist
of fifteen persons, elected by the Council at stated meet-
ings, and of the Moderator and Secretary associated ex offi-
ciis with them.

2. The tenns for which corporate members are elected
shall be six years.

3. The corporate members elected at the meeting of 1910
are divided into two classes of eight and seven respectively.
The successors of the class of eight shall be chosen at the
meeting of 1913 and of the class of seven at the meeting of
1915. Those so elected shall hold office until their successors
are duly elected.

4. The corporation shall have a treasurer. He shall ad-
minister his office as the by-laws of the corporation may
provide.

5. The corporation shall receive and hold all property
real and personal, of the Council, and all property, real
and personal, which may be conveyed to it in trust, or other-
wise, for the benefit of Congregational churches or of any
Congregational church; and acting for the Council be-

,868 CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS

tween the meetings of the Council in all business matters
not otherwise delegated or reserved, shall do such acts and
discharge such trusts as properly belong to such a corpora-
tion and are in conformity to the constitution, rules, ana
instructions of the Council.

6. The corporation may adopt for its government and the
management of- its affairs standing by-laws and rules not
inconsistent with its charter nor with the constitution, by-
laws, and rules of the Council.

7. The corporation shall make such reports to the Coun-
cil as the Council may require.

XIII. — Devotional and Other Services.

1. In the sessions of the National Council, half an hour
every morning shall be given to devotional services, and the
daily sessions shall be opened with praj^er and closed with
prayer or singing. The evening sessions shall ordinarily be
given to meetings of a specially religious rather than of a
business character.

2. The Council will seek to promote in its sessions a dis-
tinctly spiritual uplift, and to this end will arrange programs
for the presentation of messages for the general public at-
tending such gatherings. But the first concern of the Coun-
cil shall be the transaction of the business of the denomination
so far as that shall be intrusted to it by the churches; and
the Council will meet in separate or executive session during
the delivery of addresses whenever the necessity of the busi-
ness of the Council may appear to require it.

XIV. — Time Limitation.

No person shall occupy more than lialf an hour in reading
any paper or report, and no speaker upon any motion or
resolution, or upon any paper read, shall occupy more than
ten minutes, without the unanimous consent of the Council.

In case of discussion approaching the time limit set for it,
the Moderator may announce the limitation of speeches to
less than ten minutes, subject to the approval of the Council.

CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS 369

XV. — The Printing of Reports

Such reports from commissions and statements from socie-
ties or theological seminaries as may be furnished to the
Secretary seasonably in advance of the meeting may be
printed at the discretion of the Executive Committee, and
sent to the members elect, together with the program pre-
pared. Not more than ten minutes shall be given to the
presentation of an}- such rejDort.

XVI. — The Publication of Statistics

The Council will continue to make an annual compilation
of statistics of the churches, and a list of such ministers as
are reported by the several state organizations. The Sec-
retary is directed to present at each stated meeting com-
prehensive and comparative summaries for the two years
preceding.

XVII. — Fellowship with Other Bodies

The Council, as occasion may arise, will hold communica-
tion with the general Congregational bodies of other lands,
and with the general ecclesiastical organizations of other
churches of Christian faith in our own land, by delegates
appointed by the Council or by the Executive Committee.

XVIII. — Temporary Substitution

A duly enrolled delegate may deputize any alternate duh-
appointed bj^ the body appointing the delegate to act for
him at any session of the Council by special designation ap-
plicable to the session in question.

XIX. — Election or Non-Residents

While removal from the bounds of the appointing body
causes forfeiture of membership in the Council, this fact shall
not be construed as forbidding the election of non-residents
by any appointing body.

XX. — Filling Vacancies

Each appointing body may, at its discretion, designate the
method of filling vacanies in its delegation. Unless other

370 CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS

method has been adopted, the Council will recognize such
substitutes from Conference or Association as may be desig-
nated by the remaining delegates from such Conference or
Association or (in the absence of such designation) by the
total delegation from within the bounds of the state concerned,
these substitutes to be certified to the Credentials Com-
mittee by certificate of a chairman chosen by such delegates,

XXI. — Term of Substitutes

Persons designated to fill vacancies under By-Law 20 shall
continue in office only for the meeting of the Council for
which the designation is made.

XXII. — Alternates

Any alternate, specifically designated by an appointing
body, who ma}^ be present and seated at any Council meeting
in the absence of his principal, "becomes the regular delegate
of that body, displacing the principal first appointed.

XXIII. — Printed Ballots

Nominations for the Executive Committee of the Council,
the Boards of Directors of the several societies and all elec-
tive officers shall be presented on printed ballots providing
space for other nominations to be distributed to and cast
by the members voting. A motion to instruct the casting of
a single vote for any nominee shall be in order only upon the
setting aside of this rule. Pending the declaration of the
result of a ballot the order of the day may proceed.

INDEX

PAGE

Address, Moderator's — Rev. W. H. Day 86

Alternates {see Delegates)

Amendments :

Constitution 357

To Constitution and By-Laws 30, 32, 42, 45, 48, 183

American Bible Society (see Resolutions)

American Board {see Societies)

American Church in Paris 23, 150

American Congregational Association {see Societies, Other)

American Missionary Association {see Societies)

Annuity Fund {see Societies)

Anti-Saloon League 49

Armenia {see Resolutions)

Army Chaplains {see Resolutions)

Assessments:

Per capita 19, 110

For Travehng Expenses 19, 47, 111

Assistant Moderators {see Moderators)

Assistant Secretaries {see Secretaries)

Atkinson, Mrs. H. A 243

Axton, Chaplain John T 31

"Bible Sunday" {see Resolutions)

Bliss, Rev. Ed^^TU S 244

Boston Seamen's Friend Society {see Resolutions)
Boy Scouts {see Resolutions)

Bureau of Pastoral Supply 44

Burial of the Dead, Memorial on 50

Business Committee {see Committees and Commissions)
By-Laws {see Constitution)

Calkins, Rev. Raymond 72, 95

ChamberUn, F. W 20

CHAPL.AINS:

Congregational, in the Great War 238

Army {see Resolutions)

372

INDEX

Christian Ministry, Challenge of (see Resolutions) page

"Church and the Social Conscience, The" 95

Church Assistants {see also Committees, also Resolutions) .... 117

Church Property, Conservation of 44

Clark, Rev. George 38

Coal Strike {see Resolutions)

Colleges, Condition of 148

Comity, Federation and Unitj, Commission on (see Committees and

Commissions)
Commission to Confer with a Commission of the Protestant Episco-
pal Church (see Commissions, also Resolutions)

Committees and Commissions:

By-Laws 359, 362

Duties 360

Members 5, 17

Other Committees 361, 362

Business Committee:

By-Laws 360

Members 17

Recommendations 21, 25, 32, 33, 37, 38, 40, 45, 47 (2), 48

Resolutions 21, 24, 38, 49

Comity, Federation and Unity:

Continued 44

Members 7, 50

Report 26, 255

Congregational World Movement:

Appointment — Duties 27

Memb'ers 11, 38, 49

Corporation for the National Council:

By-Laws 367

Duties 367

Members 12, 39, 367

Officers 121

Report 21, 121

Credenti.\ls:

By-Laws 367

Members 17

Report 41

Declarations of the Council:

Appointment ' 37

Members 37

Report 39

INDEX

373

Committees and Commissions — Continued

Evangelism: page

Members 6, 24, 30, 44

Report 38, 166

Executive Committee:

By-Laws 361

Duties 361

Fixes per capita Assessment 19, 47

Members 5, 30

Report 19, 47, 109

To Apportion Traveling Fmid 19

Fifteen to Confer with Commission of Episcopal General
Convention:

Appointment 26

Members ; 7, 49

Greetings: .

Members . . ./ 18

Report 26, 30, 39

International Council :

Members 8

Recommendations 26

Report 26,233

Men's Work:

Appointment 4S

Members 50

Missions:

By-Laws 365

Duties 366

Expenses 367

Members 5, 49, 366

Recommendations 22, 29, 38, 49

Report 20, 27, 140

National Service:

Activities 232

Discharged 31, 44

Program 231

Report 30, 229

Treasurer's Report 242

Nominating Committee:

By-Laws 360

Members 5, 49

Recommendations 21, 24, 30 (2), 37, 39 (2), 49

Resolution of 37

to Appoint Commission on Men's Work 50

to Appoint Delegates to International Council 50

374

INDEX

Committees and Commissions — Continued

Ordained Women, Church Assistants and Lay Workers: page

Appointment 26

Members 7, 30

Organization:

Continued 44

Members 7, 30

Recommendations 27, 42

Report 19, 175

Pilgrim Memorial Fund:

Executive Committee 9

Income 123

Members 9, 39

Officers 9

Report 21, 266

Significance 92

Treasurer's Report 136, 138

Public Worship:

Discharged 19

Report 18

Religious and Moral Education:

Continued 44

Members 6, 30

Report 246

Social Service:

Assumes Work of National Service Commission 44

Declaration of Principles 33

Members 6, 30, 44

Recommendations 37, 41

Report 33, 216

Status of the Ministry:

Appointment 24

Members 7, 30

Temperance:

Continued 44

Members 7, 30

Report 50, 259

Theological Seminaries :

Appointment 47

Members 8, 49

INDEX

375

Community Churches (see Resolutions) page

Community Service (see Resolutions)

Conferences, Mid-winter 170

Congregational Board of Ministerial Relief (see Societies)

Congregational Chaplains in Great War 238

Congregational Church Building Society (see Societies)
Congregational Education Society (sec Societies)
Congregational Home Missionary Society (see Societies)

Congregational (Organization 176

Congregational Publishing Society (see Societies, Other)
Congregational Sunday School Extension Society (see Societies)
Congregational World Movement (see Committees and Commis-
sions, also Resolutions)

Congregationalist and Advance 117, 340

Conservation of Property Interests 44, 186, 213

Constitution and By-Laws:

.Amendments 30, 32, 42, 45, 48, 183, 357

By-Laws 357,358

Alternates 370

Call of Meeting 358

Committees 359

Commission on Missions 365

Commissions 362

Congregational National Societies 363

Corporation 367

Devotional and Other Services 368

Election of Non-Residents 369

Executive Committee 361

Fellowship with Other Bodies 369

Filling Vacancies 369

Formation of the Roll 358

Moderator 358

Printed Ballots 370

Publication of Statistics 369

Secretary 359

Temporary Substitution of Delegates 369

Term of Office 359

Term of Substitutes 370

Time Limitation 'W 368

Treasurer 359

Faith 354

FeUowship 355

Meetings 357

Members 355

Corresponding 356

Delegates 355

376

INDEX

Constitution and By-Laws — Continued page

Members — Continued

Honorary 356

Term of Membership 357

Name 355

Polity 355

Purpose 355

Constitution of a District Association referred 42, 204

Constitution for International Council, Suggested Form .... 27, 210

Constitution for a Local Church, Suggested Form 27, 190

Coolidge, Gov. Calvin 37, 40

Corporation for the National Council (see Commissions)
Council Meetings, (see Meetings)

Council Registration 51

Council Sermon, Rev. Raymond Calkins 95

Credential Committee (see Committees and Commissions)

Creed 354

Day, Rev. Wilham Horace 17, 21, 27, 86

DeBerry, Rev. W. N ■*. 5, 17

Declarations of the Council, Commission on (see Committees and
Commissions)

Delegates, Council:

Alternates 370

Constitution on 355

Corresponding 356

Council Membership 51

Election 369

Honorary 71, 356

Honorary Foreign 71

Lists:

Alphabetical — Term expiring 1921 73

Alphabetical — Term expiring 1923 77

By Conferences and Associations 51

Substitute Delegates 81

Non-Residents 370

Quorum 357

Seating 18

Temporary Substitution 369, 370

Term 357

Total Number 41

Traveling Expenses of 19, 20, 47

Vacancies 369

Delegates to Interchurch Conference on Organic Unity 9, 50

Delegates to International Council (see International Council)

Denominational Agencies, Other

American Congregational Association 15

Congregational Publishing Society 15

INDEX

377

PAGE

Devotional Services, Council 36S

District xVssociation, Suggested Constitution for 42, 204

Divorce and Family Life (see Resolutions) .

Dyer, Rev. Frank 48

Error in Minutes for 1917 116

Evangelism, Commission on (see Committees and Commissions)

Evangelism, A Program of 169

Evangelism, A Program of, for 1919-1920 173

Evans, Rev. A. Penry 20

Every Member Canvass 155

Executive Committee (see Committees and Commissions)

Fagley, Rev. F. L 174

Faith 354

Federal Council

Members of Quadrennial Meeting "of 8, 50

Members of Executive Committee 39

Fellowship, Wider 355

Fellowship with Other Bodies 369

Fifteen to Confer with Commission of Episcopal General Con-
vention, Commission of (see Committees and Commissions)

Fifty Million Dollar Program 27

Fifty Million Dollars, How Distributed 29

Fisher, Rev. Stanley Ross 23, 150

Five Year Program 28

Foreign Delegates (see Delegates)

Formation of Roll 358

Former Moderators (see Moderators)

Gavel, Presentation of 19

Gifts, Conditional 146

Gladden, Rev. \Yashington 20

Greetings 26, 30, 39

Greetings Committee on (see Committees and Commissions)

Hawaiian Evangelical Association, Greetings 39

Herring, Rev. Hubert C 5, 20, 30, 38, 39, 51, 124

Hill, Prof. Fred B 247

Himes, George H 19, 39

Honorary' Delegates, (.see Delegates)

Hume, Rev. Robert A 5, 17

Industrial Situation (see Resolutions)

Interchurch Conference on Organic Unity, Proposals for .... 256

Delegates to 9, 50

Interchurch World Movement (see Resolutions)

Interchurch World Movement, Congregational Representatives 39

Plans 157

378 INDEX

International Congregational Council: ' page

Committee on 8

Congregational Churches Invited 27

Constitution, Suggested Form of 27, 184, 210

Corresponding Members 27

Delegates, Appointment of 26, 50

Report of Committeee on 283

Investment, Methods of 145

Japan, National Council of, Greeting? 39

Jenkins, Pres. Frank E 243

King, Pres. Henry Churchill 5, 17

Lay Delegates 20, 114

"Laymen" defined 37

Laymen's Breakfast, Report from .• 23

League of Nations {see Resolutions)

Legacies 147

Local Church, Suggested Form of Constitution for 27, 190

Lord's Day Alliance (see Resolutions)

Los Angeles — Next Meeting at 33

McCoUum, Rev. G. T 48

Men's Work {see Committees, also Resolutions)

Meetings:

Call for 358

Constitution on 357, 361

Length 112

Place and Time of Next Meeting 33

Sessions 16

Special 357

Stated 357

Members of the Council {see Delegates)

Memorial, Burial of the Dead 50

Members of Quadrennial Meeting of Federal Council 8, 50

Merriam, Rev. C. W 48

Methods of Investment 145

Mid-Winter Conferences 170

Milarr, Rev. W. G 27

"Ministers" defined 37

Ministers Salaries, Increase of, (see Resolutions)

Minutes of National Coimcil 17,112

Missionary Agencies {see Societies)

Missionary Contributions 154

Missionary Societies, Reorganization of 140

Mission Funds, Invested 143

INDEX

379

Missions, Commission on (see Committees and Commissions) page

Moderator 5, 17, 86, 358

Moderators, Assistant 5, 17, 358

Moderators, Former 16, 72

Moderators, Former Assistant 16, 72

Moore, Rev. Frank F 5, 30

National Council:

Delegates, Number of 41

Next Meeting 33

Office, Removal to Xew York 20,114

Program 83

Rules of Order 18

National Prohibition 38, 39, 88, 260

National Service Commission (see Co mmittees and Commissions)

National Societies (see Societies)

Negro Question (see Resolutions^

Nominating Committee (see Committees and Commissions)

Non-Resident Delegates 369

Office of National Council, Removal to New York 20, 114

Officers of the Council 5, 17, 30

Ordained Women, (see Committees, also Resolutions)

Ordination, Episcopal 257

Organization, Commission on (see Committees and Commissions)

Pacific, The 141

Park Congregational Church, Thanks to 47

Pastoral Supply 187

Pastors' Training Classes 171

Pilgrim Celebration in Great Britain 38, 39

Pilgrim Memorial Fund:

Bequests 273

Conditional Gifts 272

Memorial Gifts 271

State Quotas 273

Pilgrim Memorial Fund Commission (see Committees and
Commissions)

Place of Former Councils 16

Place of Next Meeting 33

PoUty 355

Preacher, Council 72, 95

Preachers, Former Council 16

President Wilson 22, 37, 40

Printed Ballots 370

Printing of Reports 369

Program National Council, 1919 83

380 INDEX

PAGE

Program of Evangelism 169

Program of Evangelism for 1919-1920 173

Prohibition, National 38, 39, 88, 260

Prohibition, World 49, 265

Protestant Churches of France (see Resolutions)

Protestant Episcopal Church, Greetings 26

Publication of Statistics 369

Public Worship, Commission on (see Committees and Com-
missions)

Quadrennial Meeting of Federal Council, Members of 8, 50

Quorum 357

Railway Fares to Council (see Delegates)

Reports :

Committees and Commissions:

Comity, Federation and Unity 26, 255

Corporation 21, 121

Credentials 41

Declarations of the Council 39

Evangelism 38, 166

Executive Committee 19, 47, 109

Greetings 26, 32

International Covmcil 26, 283

Laymen's Breakfast 23

Missions 20, 140

National Service 30, 229

Organization 19, 175

Pilgrim Memorial Fimd 21, 266

Public Worship 18

Religious and Moral Education 246

Social Service 33, 216

Temperance 50, 259

National Societies:

American Missionary Association 294

Annuity Fvmd for Congregational Ministers 21,352

Congregational Board of Ministerial Relief 21, 347

Congregational Church Building Society 307

Congregational Education Society 318

Congregational Home Missionary Society 287

Congregational Publishing Society 330

Congregational Simday School Extension Society 327

Printing of 369

Secretary's 20, 124

Treasurer's 18, 135, 137

INDEX

381

Resolutions: page

American Bible Society 18, 23, 42

American Church in Paris 23, 150

Anti-Saloon League 49

Armenia 24

Army Chaplains 31

"Bible Sunday" 25

Boston Seamen's Friend Society 49

Boy Scouts 25

Bureau of Pastoral Supply 44

Challenge of Christian Ministry 25

Coal Strike 40

Commission to Confer with a Commission of the Episcopal

General Convention 26

Community Churches 44

Community Service 44

Congregational World Movement 27

Divorce and Family Life 41

Industrial Situation 36, 39, 46

Interchurch Conference on Organic Unity 23

Interchurch World Movement 29

League of Nations 20, 21

Lord's Day .\lhance 41

Men's Work 48

■'Ministers" and "Laymen" defined 37

Ministers' Salaries 23

National Prohibition 49

National Service Commission 31

Negro Question 37, 39

Ordained Women, Church Assistants and Lay Preachers .... 26

Police Strike 40

President Wilson 37, 40

Protestant Churches of France 23, 150

Sunday Laws and Observance 41

Temperance 39

Thanks . 47, 48

Theological Seminaries 47

World League against Alcoholism 49

Retirement Age for Executives 23, 150

Salaries 149

Salaries, Increase of Ministers' (see Resolutions)

Scudder, Rev. Doremus 21

Seamen's Friend Society (see Resolutions)

Secretary 5, 20, 30, 124, 359

Secretaries, Assistant 18

Secretaries, Former 16

^^^ INDEX

PAGE

Sermon, Council, Rev. Raymond Calkins 95

Sessions of the Council 16

Smith, Mayor E. P 40

Social Service Commission (see Committees and Commissions)

Societies, National :

By-Laws 363

Home Societies:

Membership 364

Officers and Committees — Meetings — Reports 364

American Board:

Function of — Meetings — Membership 363, 364

Officers and Committees 13, 364

Report 364

American Missionary Association:

Officers 14

Report 294

Annuity Fund for Congregational Ministers:

Officers 15

Report 21, 352

Congregational Board of Ministerial Relief and Annuity:

Members 21

National and State Service 44

Officers 14

Report 21,347

Congregational Church Building Society:

Officers 13

Report 307

Congregational Education Society:

Leadership in Education 43

Officers 14

Provide Course of Study for Ministerial Candidates 43

Report 318

Work of 252

Congregational Home Missionary Society:

Officers 13

Report 287

Congregational Publishing Society:

Change of Name 140

Officers 15

Report ' 330

INDEX

383

Societies, National — Continued page

CoNCRKGATIONAL SuNDAY ScHOOL EXTENSION SOCIETY:

Officers 14

Report 327

Woman's Boards:

Officers 15

Woman's Home Missionary Federation:

Office 149

Officers 15

Other Societies:

American Bible Society 18, 23, 24

American Congregational Association — Officers 15

Speakers 72

Stewardship, Campaign of 29

Strikes (see Resolutions)

Substitutes (see Delegates)

Sunday Laws (see Resolutions)

Swartz, Rev. H. F 268

Taylor, Graham 20

Tax per Capita (see Assessments)

Temperance Commission (see Committees and Commissions)

Temporary Substitution 369

Tercentenary Program Committee (see Congregational World
Movement)

Term of Service:

Commissions 363

Delegates 357

Executive Committee 360

^Moderators 358

Xominating Committee 360

Secretary 359

Treasurer 359

Term of Substitutes 370

Thanks (see Resolutions)

Theological Seminaries (see Resolutions)

Time Limit 18,21,368

Toronto Congregational Association, Greeting 39

Treasurer 5, 30, 359

Report 18, 135, 137

Treasurers, Former 16

Treasurer, National Service Commission 31

Training Classes, Pastors' 171

384

INDEX

PAGE

Universalist General Convention, Greetings 30

Vacancies in'Delegations 369

War Activities of the Churches 241

''Whither/' Rev. W. H. Day 86

Wilson, Presiderit W 22, 37, 40

Williams, Rev. Mark 38

Woman's Boards {see Societies)

Woman's Home Missionary Federation (see Societies)

World League against Alcoholism'(see Resolutions)

"World Outlook" ' 22

World Prohibition 49, 265

Year Book 112, 369

AMERICAN BOAED O? COMMISSIONERS

Fon

FOREIGN MISSIONS LiBtiAiiX

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Full text of "Minutes, rolls of delegates, moderator's address, council sermon, reports, statements of mission boards, constitution and by-laws, etc. … October 21-29, 1919"

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